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| 1 | +# CryoFold: One-shot Prediction For Cryo-EM Structure Determination |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +CryoFold is a deep learning framework for automating the determination of three-dimensional atomic structures from high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) density maps. It addresses the limitations of existing AI-based methods by providing an end-to-end solution that integrates training and inference into a single streamlined pipeline. CryoFold combines 3D and sequence Transformers for feature extraction and employs an equivariant graph neural network to build accurate atomic structures from density maps. |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | +## Table of Contents |
| 6 | +- [Background](#background) |
| 7 | +- [Features](#features) |
| 8 | +- [Installation](#installation) |
| 9 | +- [Quick Start](#quick-start) |
| 10 | +- [Usage](#usage) |
| 11 | + - [Command-Line Arguments](#command-line-arguments) |
| 12 | + - [Running the Example](#running-the-example) |
| 13 | + - [Using Custom Data](#using-custom-data) |
| 14 | +- [Tutorial](#tutorial) |
| 15 | +- [References](#references) |
| 16 | +- [Contact](#contact) |
| 17 | +- [License](#license) |
| 18 | + |
| 19 | +## Background |
| 20 | + |
| 21 | +Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) has revolutionized structural biology by enabling the visualization of complex biological molecules at near-atomic resolution. The technique generates **high-resolution density maps** that offer insights into the molecular structures of proteins, viruses, and other biomolecular assemblies. However, **interpreting these density maps to derive accurate atomic models** remains a challenging and labor-intensive task, often requiring expert knowledge and manual interventions. |
| 22 | + |
| 23 | +Existing AI-based methods for automating Cryo-EM structure determination face several limitations: |
| 24 | +1. **Multi-stage processing**: Current approaches often involve separate stages for feature extraction, sequence alignment, and structure prediction, leading to inefficiencies and discontinuities. |
| 25 | +2. **Alignment bias**: Techniques such as **Hidden Markov Models (HMMs)** or **Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) solvers** introduce bias when aligning predicted atomic coordinates with the protein sequence. |
| 26 | +3. **Poor generalization**: Due to the limited size of available datasets, many methods struggle to generalize well to complex or previously unseen test cases. |
| 27 | + |
| 28 | +CryoFold addresses these challenges by providing a **fully integrated, end-to-end solution** that performs **one-shot inference** with minimal manual intervention, enabling faster and more accurate structure determination. |
| 29 | + |
| 30 | +## Features |
| 31 | + |
| 32 | +- **🚀 End-to-End Training and Inference**: Simplifies the process by seamlessly integrating training and inference into a single, unified framework, eliminating the need for multi-stage processing. |
| 33 | +- **⚡ Fast and Accurate**: Achieves a **400% improvement in TM-score** over Cryo2Struct while reducing inference time by a factor of **1,000**. |
| 34 | + |
| 35 | +For more details on the performance and benchmarking, please refer to our paper. |
| 36 | + |
| 37 | +## Installation |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | +To get started with CryoFold, follow these steps: |
| 40 | + |
| 41 | +1. **Clone the repository**: |
| 42 | + |
| 43 | + ```bash |
| 44 | + git clone https://github.com/A4Bio/CryoFold.git |
| 45 | + cd CryoFold |
| 46 | + ``` |
| 47 | + |
| 48 | +2. **Create and activate the conda environment**: |
| 49 | + |
| 50 | + ```bash |
| 51 | + conda env create -f environment.yml |
| 52 | + conda activate cryofold |
| 53 | + ``` |
| 54 | + |
| 55 | +3. **Download the Pretrained Model**: |
| 56 | + |
| 57 | + We provide a pretrained model for CryoFold. [Download it here]() and place it in the pretrained_models directory. |
| 58 | + |
| 59 | + |
| 60 | +## Quick Start |
| 61 | + |
| 62 | +To quickly try out CryoFold using an example dataset, run the following command: |
| 63 | + |
| 64 | +``` |
| 65 | +bash run_example.sh |
| 66 | +``` |
| 67 | + |
| 68 | +This script runs the `inference.py` script with sample data provided in the `examples` folder. It uses a sample density map and a ground truth PDB file for evaluation. |
| 69 | + |
| 70 | +We also provide an example tutorial in `quick_start.ipynb`. |
| 71 | + |
| 72 | +## Usage |
| 73 | + |
| 74 | +### Command-line Arguments |
| 75 | + |
| 76 | +The `inference.py` script supports several command-line arguments: |
| 77 | + |
| 78 | +| Argument | Description | Default | |
| 79 | +|--------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------| |
| 80 | +| `--density_map_path` | Path to the input density map directory (required). | None | |
| 81 | +| `--pdb_path` | Path to the ground truth PDB file (optional). | None | |
| 82 | +| `--model_path` | Path to the pretrained model checkpoint. | `pretrained_model/checkpoint.pt` | |
| 83 | +| `--output_dir` | Directory to save the output PDB file. | `results` | |
| 84 | +| `--device` | Device to run the model on (`cpu` or `cuda`). | `cuda` | |
| 85 | +| `--verbose` | Enable verbose output for debugging. | Disabled | |
| 86 | + |
| 87 | +### Running the Example |
| 88 | + |
| 89 | +You can run the example directly from the command line: |
| 90 | + |
| 91 | +```bash |
| 92 | +python inference.py --density_map_path examples/density_map --pdb_path examples/5uz7.pdb |
| 93 | +``` |
| 94 | + |
| 95 | +### Using Custom Data |
| 96 | + |
| 97 | +To use CryoFold with your own data, you need to provide a Cryo-EM density map and, optionally, a PDB file for evaluating the predicted structure. For example: |
| 98 | + |
| 99 | +```bash |
| 100 | +python inference.py --density_map_path /path/to/your/density_map --pdb_path /path/to/your/ground_truth.pdb --output_dir /path/to/save/results --device cuda |
| 101 | +``` |
| 102 | + |
| 103 | +## Tutorial |
| 104 | + |
| 105 | +### 1. Preprocessing Density Maps: |
| 106 | + |
| 107 | +To normalize your density maps, run: |
| 108 | + |
| 109 | + # Normalize you density maps |
| 110 | + $ bash run_data_preparation.bash examples/ |
| 111 | + |
| 112 | +After preprocessing, the directory structure should look like: |
| 113 | + |
| 114 | +The organization of the downloaded models should look like: |
| 115 | +```text |
| 116 | +CryoFold |
| 117 | +├── examples |
| 118 | +│ ├── density_map |
| 119 | +│ │ ├── map.map |
| 120 | +│ │ ├── seq_chain_info.json |
| 121 | +│ │ └── normed_map.mrc |
| 122 | +``` |
| 123 | + |
| 124 | +### 2. Running Inference: |
| 125 | + |
| 126 | + python inference.py --density_map_path examples/density_map --pdb_path examples/5uz7.pdb |
| 127 | + |
| 128 | +After inference, the output will be saved in the specified output directory: |
| 129 | + |
| 130 | +```text |
| 131 | +CryoFold |
| 132 | +├── results |
| 133 | +│ └── output.pdb |
| 134 | +``` |
| 135 | + |
| 136 | +## References: |
| 137 | + |
| 138 | +For a complete description of the method, see: |
| 139 | + |
| 140 | + |
| 141 | + |
| 142 | +## Contact |
| 143 | + |
| 144 | +Please submit any bug reports, feature requests, or general usage feedback as a github issue or discussion. |
| 145 | + |
| 146 | + |
| 147 | + |
| 148 | +- Zhangyang Gao ( [email protected]) |
| 149 | + |
| 150 | +## License |
| 151 | + |
| 152 | +This project is licensed under the MIT License. See the LICENSE file for details. |
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