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@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ SNA is a hallmark of developing nervous systems [@wu:2024; @blankenship:2009; @a
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`SNAzzy` processes and analyzes time-lapse datasets taken from live samples using fluorescent widefield microscopy.
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Each dataset contains dozens of individual specimens in the same field of view and thousands of time points.
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The software offers individual specimen cropping for optimization of storage and processing, adaptive regions of interest for quantification of fluorescence and changes in morphology over time, a custom peak detection algorithm, and a graphical user interface for data visualization, curation, and dataset comparison.
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This tool can be readily applied to analyze fluorescent intensities in time-lapse microscopy experiments that involve simultaneous imaging of multiple samples, particularly small-sized specimens [@donoughe:2018; @avasthi:2023].
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# Statement of need
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Furthermore, they are optimized for two-photon microscopy as opposed to wide-field microscopy.
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`SNAzzy` provides a series of automated analyses and quantifications to analyze global calcium levels in time-series acquired with widefield microscopes.
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# Research Impact Statement
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SNAzzy is a complete solution for automated analysis of calcium dynamics from high-throughput time-lapse microscopy datasets.
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SNAzzy has had a significant impact on our laboratory by speeding up the analysis and onboarding researchers with little to no prior Python experience.
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This software replaces the previous, manually intensive analysis pipeline [@carreira:2021] with a fully automated workflow.
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Compared to the manual workflow, SNAzzy offers additional tools and reduces analysis time from days to minutes.
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Several students with limited programming background have installed SNAzzy and analyzed hundreds of specimens within a week.
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Lastly, lab members have added modules to SNAzzy to address important biological questions.
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This has led to biological insights that the lab will publish in a separate article soon.
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Given that our lab is pioneering the study of spontaneous network activity (SNA) in Drosophila embryos, and that SNAzzy is designed as a generalizable and extensible analysis framework, we expect near-term adoption by other laboratories studying SNA and related developmental imaging paradigms.
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Lastly, beyond Drosophila embryos, the code can be used to support automated quantification of global fluorescence dynamics in other experiments that involve simultaneous imaging of multiple samples, particularly small-sized specimens [@donoughe:2018; @avasthi:2023; @yamamoto:2023].
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# Software Design
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`SNAzzy` is composed of a processing package, which is an image processing pipeline, and an analysis package, which is responsible for quantification and visualization.
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This separation of concerns promotes modularity and extensibility, making it easy for users to use the processing package output elsewhere, for example.
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The processing package implements an image processing pipeline composed of modular stages.
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Large image files are converted into lightweight CSV files containing fluorescence intensity traces and shape metrics, which substantially reduces storage requirements and facilitates data sharing and reuse.
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The analysis package consists of a core Python library and an interactive Graphical User Interface (GUI) implemented using `PyQt6`.
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The core library performs peak detection, metric extraction, and statistical analyses, while the GUI provides tools for visualization, curation, and comparison across datasets.
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Communication between the GUI and the core analysis code is mediated by a Model layer, which stores all data required for presentation and keeps the core code lean.
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All experiment-specific parameters, including peak detection and signal-processing settings, are stored in a single `json` configuration file.
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This design ensures that analyses are fully reproducible and that configurations can be easily shared across users, machines, and experimental replicates.
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All software design decisions are focused on supporting reproducible research practices and ease of extension of the pipeline to new imaging modalities, metrics, or biological systems.
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![**Schematic of the SNAzzy pipeline.**
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Time-lapse taken from fluorescent widefield microscopes (raw data) enters the processing stage (green).
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The processing stage outputs two types of CSV files: time series of signal intensities from each recorded channel and ROI length.
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`SNAzzy` addresses this by offering an automated, scalable, and user-friendly platform for analyzing synchronous network activity in developing embryos.
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As an open and versatile solution, `SNAzzy` offers tools for a broader range of applications in time-lapse fluorescence imaging across diverse biological systems.
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# AI Usage Disclosure
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No generative AI tools were using for the development of the software.
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ChatGPT 4.5 was used to refine the documentation text.
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The authors have reviewed and validated all suggested changes for the documentation and bear full responsibility for the final work.
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# Acknowledgments
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We acknowledge Newton PenkoffLidbeck and D. Berfin Azizoglu for feedback on the manuscript.
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