methanation-manual_labels.json

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The key challenge at present relies on the design and exploration of nonnoble metal catalysts so as to achieve high activity at a low reaction temperature. In this work, we have obtained alkaline-assisted Ni nanocatalysts supported on Mg\/Al mixed metal oxides (denoted as Nix\/Mg2−xAl-MMO) derived from Ni-Mg-Al hydrotalcite precursors. The catalytic performance toward CO2 methanation was studied in detail, and the best low-temperature reaction activity was obtained over Ni\/MgAl-MMO (CO2 conversion: 97.9%; selectivity: 97.5%; 250 °C). By establishing the correlation between the catalytic performance and the alkaline site structure, it is found that the Ni nanoparticles and MgO base sites at the interface serve as dual active centers to cooperatively catalyze CO2 methanation, resulting in low-temperature reaction activity. Moreover, in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS) demonstrates that MgO acts as the active site for CO2 activation to give carbonate\/hydrocarbonate species, while Ni provides H-species for further hydrogenation of intermediates. Therefore, this work rationalizes the significant influence of alkaline-assisted Ni nanoparticles on CO2 methanation, which provides a promising heterogeneous catalyst for this reaction."},"meta":{},"created_at":"2024-06-28T11:37:18.649080Z","updated_at":"2024-06-28T11:45:14.455211Z","inner_id":1,"total_annotations":1,"cancelled_annotations":0,"total_predictions":0,"comment_count":0,"unresolved_comment_count":0,"last_comment_updated_at":null,"project":5,"updated_by":1,"comment_authors":[]},{"id":24,"annotations":[{"id":32,"completed_by":1,"result":[{"value":{"start":12,"end":40,"text":"Mn-promoted 15 wt-% Ni\/Al2O3","labels":["Catalyst"]},"id":"052Hy97Jdh","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":71,"end":101,"text":"incipient wetness 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The effect of the Mn content on the activity of the Ni\/Al2O3 catalysts for CO2 methanation and the comethanation of CO and CO2 in a fixed-bed reactor was investigated. The catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction and desorption, carbon dioxide temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray diffraction and highresolution transmission electron microscopy. The presence of Mn increased the number of CO2 adsorption sites and inhibited Ni particle agglomeration due to improved Ni dispersion and weakened interactions between the nickel species and the support. The Mn-promoted 15 wt-% Ni\/ Al2O3 catalysts had improved CO2 methanation activity especially at low temperatures (250 to 400 °C). The Mn content was varied from 0.86% to 2.54% and the best CO2 conversion was achieved with the 1.71Mn-Ni\/Al2O3 catalyst. The co-methanation tests on the 1.71Mn-Ni\/ Al2O3 catalyst indicated that adding Mn markedly enhanced the CO2 methanation activity especially at low temperatures but it had little influence on the CO methanation performance. CO2 methanation was more sensitive to the reaction temperature and the space velocity than the CO methanation in the co-methanation process."},"meta":{},"created_at":"2024-06-28T11:37:18.649080Z","updated_at":"2024-06-28T11:50:35.953356Z","inner_id":2,"total_annotations":1,"cancelled_annotations":0,"total_predictions":0,"comment_count":0,"unresolved_comment_count":0,"last_comment_updated_at":null,"project":5,"updated_by":1,"comment_authors":[]},{"id":25,"annotations":[{"id":33,"completed_by":1,"result":[{"value":{"start":21,"end":32,"text":"methanation","labels":["Reaction"]},"id":"gUPmim5LEJ","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":38,"end":52,"text":"Ni-W\/TiO2-SiO2","labels":["Reaction"]},"id":"5N4lCpAslO","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":401,"end":404,"text":"XRD","labels":["Characterization"]},"id":"wdWpbvVXjJ","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":406,"end":429,"text":"N2 adsorptiondesorption","labels":["Characterization"]},"id":"dUYNow7E6w","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":434,"end":437,"text":"TEM","labels":["Characterization"]},"id":"vDPueJODD6","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":527,"end":530,"text":"CH4","labels":["Product"]},"id":"cFLkoM24KP","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":544,"end":548,"text":"coke","labels":["Product"]},"id":"nvDWX-jC0A","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":614,"end":628,"text":"Ni-W\/TiO2-SiO2","labels":["Catalyst"]},"id":"tDFFx9Iw-9","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":725,"end":728,"text":"H2S","labels":["Reactant"]},"id":"-SM_YQTRTf","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":806,"end":819,"text":"carbon fibers","labels":["Product"]},"id":"VED5bGiI4h","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"}],"was_cancelled":false,"ground_truth":false,"created_at":"2024-06-28T11:52:45.224065Z","updated_at":"2024-06-28T11:52:45.224065Z","draft_created_at":"2024-06-28T11:50:52.010645Z","lead_time":126.651,"prediction":{},"result_count":0,"unique_id":"b5aeadc8-3e45-4255-aadf-0640d91d441c","import_id":null,"last_action":null,"task":25,"project":5,"updated_by":1,"parent_prediction":null,"parent_annotation":null,"last_created_by":null}],"file_upload":"4edb2155-methanation_unlabeled.csv","drafts":[],"predictions":[],"data":{"uid":3,"text":"In this work, syngas methanation over Ni-W\/TiO2-SiO2 catalyst was studied in a fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) and its performance was compared with a fixed-bed reactor (FIXBR). The effects of main operating variables including feedstock gases space velocity, coke content, bed temperature and sulfur-tolerant stability of 100 h life were investigated. The structure of the catalysts was characterized by XRD, N2 adsorptiondesorption and TEM. It is found that under same space velocity from 5000 h−1 to 25000 h−1 FBR gave a higher CH4 yield, lower coke content, and lower bed temperature than those obtained in FIXBR. Ni-W\/TiO2-SiO2 catalyst possessed excellent sulfur-tolerant stability on the feedstock gases less than 500 ppm H2S in FBR. The carbon deposits formed on the spent catalyst were in the form of carbon fibers in FBR, while in the form of dense accumulation distribution appearance in FIXBR."},"meta":{},"created_at":"2024-06-28T11:37:18.649080Z","updated_at":"2024-06-28T11:52:45.284049Z","inner_id":3,"total_annotations":1,"cancelled_annotations":0,"total_predictions":0,"comment_count":0,"unresolved_comment_count":0,"last_comment_updated_at":null,"project":5,"updated_by":1,"comment_authors":[]},{"id":26,"annotations":[{"id":34,"completed_by":1,"result":[{"value":{"start":36,"end":50,"text":"carbon dioxide","labels":["Reactant"]},"id":"Pzvd37UqKM","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":191,"end":194,"text":"CO2","labels":["Reactant"]},"id":"8CDGz8Qseh","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":378,"end":385,"text":"methane","labels":["Product"]},"id":"KI_LOpJhUE","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":390,"end":398,"text":"methanol","labels":["Product"]},"id":"1P9PszgLS0","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":451,"end":468,"text":"CO2 hydrogenation","labels":["Reaction"]},"id":"RijnJZzfcr","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":589,"end":602,"text":"hydrogenation","labels":["Reaction"]},"id":"ypF5gsQtib","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":606,"end":609,"text":"CO2","labels":["Reactant"]},"id":"pJqn9pVzqp","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":615,"end":618,"text":"CH4","labels":["Product"]},"id":"APh69wnbpW","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":622,"end":627,"text":"CH3OH","labels":["Product"]},"id":"teMWkoNjH9","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":736,"end":739,"text":"CO2","labels":["Reactant"]},"id":"wHK77_eEyL","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":855,"end":857,"text":"N2","labels":["Reactant"]},"id":"N6tSgTdfrs","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":859,"end":862,"text":"H2O","labels":["Reactant"]},"id":"upstnxxZMM","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":867,"end":869,"text":"O2","labels":["Reactant"]},"id":"0ppsolkPHD","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":964,"end":967,"text":"CO2","labels":["Reactant"]},"id":"__Ixqu-hvD","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":973,"end":976,"text":"CH4","labels":["Product"]},"id":"QY-mSn445w","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":1010,"end":1015,"text":"CH3OH","labels":["Product"]},"id":"qlVEGEbR-p","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"}],"was_cancelled":false,"ground_truth":false,"created_at":"2024-06-28T11:54:31.082938Z","updated_at":"2024-06-28T11:54:31.082938Z","draft_created_at":"2024-06-28T11:53:01.064984Z","lead_time":102.971,"prediction":{},"result_count":0,"unique_id":"416df95e-dbaf-41fe-8641-79b8c112d443","import_id":null,"last_action":null,"task":26,"project":5,"updated_by":1,"parent_prediction":null,"parent_annotation":null,"last_created_by":null}],"file_upload":"4edb2155-methanation_unlabeled.csv","drafts":[],"predictions":[],"data":{"uid":4,"text":"The conversion\/utilization of waste carbon dioxide is seen as a complementary option to the well-known capture, sequestration and storage strategies (CSS) to substantially reduce atmospheric CO2 (environmental concern). This approach is attractive regarding CCS strategies because CO2 can be transformed into a valuable chemical (economic benefit). Among the options available, methane and methanol are important chemicals that could be obtained from CO2 hydrogenation and used for energy production\/ storage or as intermediaries to other chemicals. A thermodynamic analysis regarding the hydrogenation of CO2 into CH4 or CH3OH was carried out. The analysis was performed to check the limitations and optimal conditions when converting CO2 from flue gas exhaust streams without previous removal of unnecessary species present in significant amounts (e.g. N2, H2O and O2). The present analysis supports that, from the thermodynamic point of view, the conversion of CO2 into CH4 is favoured in comparison to the CH3OH valorisation strategy, for the considered pressure and temperature ranges."},"meta":{},"created_at":"2024-06-28T11:37:18.649080Z","updated_at":"2024-06-28T11:54:31.142969Z","inner_id":4,"total_annotations":1,"cancelled_annotations":0,"total_predictions":0,"comment_count":0,"unresolved_comment_count":0,"last_comment_updated_at":null,"project":5,"updated_by":1,"comment_authors":[]},{"id":27,"annotations":[{"id":35,"completed_by":1,"result":[{"value":{"start":265,"end":282,"text":"partial oxidation","labels":["Reaction"]},"id":"963itsH0Yp","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":286,"end":298,"text":"gasification","labels":["Reaction"]},"id":"Oy-OdDq1iU","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":402,"end":413,"text":"methanation","labels":["Reaction"]},"id":"fKjl4ZhwGg","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":430,"end":433,"text":"SNG","labels":["Product"]},"id":"sqq2Kefop4","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":24,"end":46,"text":"Substitute Natural Gas","labels":["Product"]},"id":"FpZ62bA6G2","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":48,"end":51,"text":"SNG","labels":["Product"]},"id":"SjCRIIVDHK","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":482,"end":493,"text":"methanation","labels":["Reaction"]},"id":"o1Ue41Mdxe","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":683,"end":701,"text":"carbonyl formation","labels":["Reaction"]},"id":"eil8GT7Lce","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":779,"end":790,"text":"methanation","labels":["Reaction"]},"id":"VF-eVzNW2C","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"}],"was_cancelled":false,"ground_truth":false,"created_at":"2024-06-28T12:01:35.767163Z","updated_at":"2024-06-28T12:01:35.775750Z","draft_created_at":"2024-06-28T12:00:05.837077Z","lead_time":121.098,"prediction":{},"result_count":0,"unique_id":"30d84a7d-6d5b-47a4-a98d-757c12eafdfc","import_id":null,"last_action":null,"task":27,"project":5,"updated_by":1,"parent_prediction":null,"parent_annotation":null,"last_created_by":null}],"file_upload":"4edb2155-methanation_unlabeled.csv","drafts":[],"predictions":[],"data":{"uid":5,"text":"During the last decade, Substitute Natural Gas (SNG) produced from coal, biomass or other carbonaceous materials has re-emerged and gained considerable attention in some parts of the world where NG or shale gas is not readily available. 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Herein, we have prepared highly dispersed Ni nanocatalysts by in situ reduction of NiMnAl-layered double hydroxides (NiMnAl-LDHs) and applied them to syngas methanation. The synthesized Ni nanocatalysts maintained the nanosheet structure of the LDHs, in which Ni particles were decorated with MnOy species and embedded in the AlOx nanosheets. It was observed that the Ni nanocatalysts exhibited markedly better low-temperature performance than commercial catalysts in the syngas methanation. At 250 \u000eC, 3.0 MPa and a high weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 30,000 mL\u0001g􀀀1\u0001h􀀀1, both the CO conversion and the CH4 selectivity reached 100% over the former, while those over the commercial catalyst were only 14% and 76%, respectively. Furthermore, this NiMnAl catalyst exhibited strong anti-carbon and anti-sintering properties at high temperatures. The enhanced low-temperature performance and high-temperature stability originated from the promotion effect of MnOy and the embedding effect of AlOx in the 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successful application of a microchannel reactor to reduce the CO content by methanation in a model gas mixture containing CO, CO2, O2 and H2 can be shown. Microchannels coated with a Ru\/SiO2 and a Ru\/Al2O3 catalyst were used at standard residence times of about 300 ms. The methanation allowed to remove CO almost completely from the gas flow at a temperature of 300 8C using a Ru\/SiO2 catalyst. Although oxygen was added to the feed, the CH4-selectivity was still 95% at temperatures of 350 8C using the Ru\/SiO2 catalyst. It can be shown, that the CO conversion is higher at temperatures between 140 and 200 8C under oxidizing conditions because CO can be converted to CO2. For temperatures from 200 to 320 8C the amount of oxidized H2 increases more than the amount of oxidized CO and consumes most of the O2. In parallel, CO methanation is increasing temporarily up to 250 8C with increasing temperature maybe due to formation of Run+ sites so that the CH4 space time yield by CO methanation is also higher than that by CO2 methanation. At temperatures between 250 and 300 8C a local minimum in methane formation from CO methanation is determined which might be attributed to a considerable decrease in Run+ sites by oxygen consumption. The CH4 space time yield by CO methanation clearly decreases with H2O co-feed compared to the same conditions but without water over the reaction temperature range examined. If CO (in a mixture of CO and CO2) has to be converted over a Ru\/SiO2-catalyst by methanation a sufficient amount of O2 has to be added and temperature has to be controlled precisely. Because of the inner dimensions and the enhanced heat transfer coefficients of the microchannel reactor the latter demand can be met very easily. Temperature ranges can be controlled precisely, which is important to maximize the ratio of CH4 space time yield by CO to CO2 methanation. The experiments demonstrate that the microchannel reactor is an excellent tool for studying the reaction network of methanation of CO in presence of oxygen, CO2 and hydrogen without heat transfer limitation."},"meta":{},"created_at":"2024-06-28T11:37:18.649080Z","updated_at":"2024-06-28T12:20:14.589284Z","inner_id":7,"total_annotations":1,"cancelled_annotations":0,"total_predictions":0,"comment_count":0,"unresolved_comment_count":0,"last_comment_updated_at":null,"project":5,"updated_by":1,"comment_authors":[]},{"id":30,"annotations":[{"id":38,"completed_by":1,"result":[{"value":{"start":89,"end":100,"text":"methanation","labels":["Reaction"]},"id":"dQ82ECcVXr","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":304,"end":306,"text":"H2","labels":["Reactant"]},"id":"GffZxcusQ4","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":307,"end":310,"text":"CO2","labels":["Reactant"]},"id":"nzn1UYxWVH","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":503,"end":505,"text":"H2","labels":["Reactant"]},"id":"B4CfIEYhxO","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":506,"end":509,"text":"CO2","labels":["Reactant"]},"id":"YcZmn49F9n","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":410,"end":432,"text":"substitute natural gas","labels":["Product"]},"id":"RYzfsD3ZeV","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"},{"value":{"start":813,"end":824,"text":"methanation","labels":["Reaction"]},"id":"k_10gfUiIz","from_name":"label","to_name":"text","type":"labels","origin":"manual"}],"was_cancelled":false,"ground_truth":false,"created_at":"2024-06-28T12:21:21.264284Z","updated_at":"2024-06-28T12:21:21.264284Z","draft_created_at":"2024-06-28T12:20:28.772787Z","lead_time":65.573,"prediction":{},"result_count":0,"unique_id":"31e36e1c-9952-4fb8-a10e-f02f77d29103","import_id":null,"last_action":null,"task":30,"project":5,"updated_by":1,"parent_prediction":null,"parent_annotation":null,"last_created_by":null}],"file_upload":"4edb2155-methanation_unlabeled.csv","drafts":[],"predictions":[],"data":{"uid":8,"text":"The performance of a slurry bubble column reactor was evaluated for its application as a methanation reactor. The influences of the reactor pressure (5 to 20 bar), temperature (275 to 325 °C), gas velocity (0.8 to 1.6 cm\/s), catalyst concentration (1.6 to 9 vol.%) as well as reactant partial pressures (H2\/CO2 ratio from 3.8 to 6.3) on the reactor performance were assessed and optimal process conditions for substitute natural gas production were identified. An increase in pressure, temperature, and H2\/CO2 ratio improves the reactor performance. The optimal catalyst concentration depends on the operating conditions. Under the experimental conditions of the work presented in this paper, a concentration of 6.5 vol.% led to the highest conversion rates. Additionally, the dynamic behavior of the three-phase methanation reactor was investigated using inlet gas velocity step changes to simulate load variation of a power-to-gas facility. 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The catalyst activity was also tested for 48 h which showed the stability of synthesized catalyst for CO2 conversion and CH4 selectivity. The TEM, BET and XRD analysis demonstrated the high metal dispersion, no remarkable effect on textural properties of 5%Pr-12%Niγ-Al2O3 as compared to 12%Niγ-Al2O3 and phases of alumina, nickel and lanthanide series promoters for γ-Al2O3 support, 12%Niγ-Al2O3 and 5%X-12%Niγ- Al2O3 catalysts."},"meta":{},"created_at":"2024-06-28T12:46:02.497749Z","updated_at":"2024-06-28T12:49:25.633955Z","inner_id":18,"total_annotations":1,"cancelled_annotations":0,"total_predictions":0,"comment_count":0,"unresolved_comment_count":0,"last_comment_updated_at":null,"project":5,"updated_by":1,"comment_authors":[]}]