diff --git a/src/deep_neurographs/utils/util.py b/src/deep_neurographs/utils/util.py
index 2cf3ccf9..91ee7512 100644
--- a/src/deep_neurographs/utils/util.py
+++ b/src/deep_neurographs/utils/util.py
@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@
 import ast
 import boto3
 import json
-import math
-import networkx as nx
 import numpy as np
 import os
 import pandas as pd
@@ -31,74 +29,74 @@
 import shutil
 import smartsheet
 
-from deep_neurographs.utils import graph_util as gutil
-
 
 # --- OS utils ---
-def mkdir(path, delete=False):
+def listdir(path, extension=None):
     """
-    Creates a directory at "path".
+    Lists all files in the directory at "path". If an extension is
+    provided, then only files containing "extension" are returned.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     path : str
-        Path of directory to be created.
-    delete : bool, optional
-        Indication of whether to delete directory at path if it already
-        exists. The default is False.
+        Path to directory to be searched.
+    extension : str, optional
+       Extension of file type of interest. The default is None.
 
     Returns
     -------
-    None
+    List[str]
+        Filenames in directory with extension "extension" if provided.
+        Otherwise, list of all files in directory.
 
     """
-    if delete:
-        rmdir(path)
-    if not os.path.exists(path):
-        os.mkdir(path)
+    if extension is None:
+        return [f for f in os.listdir(path)]
+    else:
+        return [f for f in os.listdir(path) if f.endswith(extension)]
 
 
-def rmdir(path):
+def list_files_in_zip(zip_content):
     """
-    Removes directory and all subdirectories at "path".
+    Lists all files in a zip file stored in a GCS bucket.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-    path : str
-        Path to directory and subdirectories to be deleted if they exist.
+    zip_content : str
+        Content stored in a zip file in the form of a string of bytes.
 
     Returns
     -------
-    None
+    list[str]
+        List of filenames in a zip file.
 
     """
-    if os.path.exists(path):
-        shutil.rmtree(path)
+    with ZipFile(BytesIO(zip_content), "r") as zip_file:
+        return zip_file.namelist()
 
 
-def listdir(path, extension=None):
+def list_paths(directory, extension=None):
     """
-    Lists all files in the directory at "path". If an extension is
-    provided, then only files containing "extension" are returned.
+    Lists all paths within "directory" that end with "extension" if provided.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-    path : str
-        Path to directory to be searched.
+    directory : str
+        Directory to be searched.
     extension : str, optional
-       Extension of file type of interest. The default is None.
+        If provided, only paths of files with the extension are returned. The
+        default is None.
 
     Returns
     -------
-    List[str]
-        Filenames in directory with extension "extension" if provided.
-        Otherwise, list of all files in directory.
+    list[str]
+        List of all paths within "directory".
 
     """
-    if extension is None:
-        return [f for f in os.listdir(path)]
-    else:
-        return [f for f in os.listdir(path) if f.endswith(extension)]
+    paths = list()
+    for f in listdir(directory, extension=extension):
+        paths.append(os.path.join(directory, f))
+    return paths
 
 
 def list_subdirs(path, keyword=None, return_paths=False):
@@ -134,28 +132,45 @@ def list_subdirs(path, keyword=None, return_paths=False):
     return sorted(subdirs)
 
 
-def list_paths(directory, extension=None):
+def mkdir(path, delete=False):
     """
-    Lists all paths within "directory" that end with "extension" if provided.
+    Creates a directory at "path".
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-    directory : str
-        Directory to be searched.
-    extension : str, optional
-        If provided, only paths of files with the extension are returned. The
-        default is None.
+    path : str
+        Path of directory to be created.
+    delete : bool, optional
+        Indication of whether to delete directory at path if it already
+        exists. The default is False.
 
     Returns
     -------
-    list[str]
-        List of all paths within "directory".
+    None
 
     """
-    paths = list()
-    for f in listdir(directory, extension=extension):
-        paths.append(os.path.join(directory, f))
-    return paths
+    if delete:
+        rmdir(path)
+    if not os.path.exists(path):
+        os.mkdir(path)
+
+
+def rmdir(path):
+    """
+    Removes directory and all subdirectories at "path".
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    path : str
+        Path to directory and subdirectories to be deleted if they exist.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    None
+
+    """
+    if os.path.exists(path):
+        shutil.rmtree(path)
 
 
 def set_path(dirname, filename, extension):
@@ -221,6 +236,7 @@ def set_zip_path(zip_writer, filename, extension):
     return f
 
 
+# --- IO utils ---
 def combine_zips(zip_paths, output_zip_path):
     """
     Combines a list of ZIP archives into a single ZIP archive.
@@ -247,83 +263,6 @@ def combine_zips(zip_paths, output_zip_path):
                         out_zip.writestr(item, zip_in.read(item.filename))
 
 
-def list_files_in_zip(zip_content):
-    """
-    Lists all files in a zip file stored in a GCS bucket.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    zip_content : str
-        Content stored in a zip file in the form of a string of bytes.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    list[str]
-        List of filenames in a zip file.
-
-    """
-    with ZipFile(BytesIO(zip_content), "r") as zip_file:
-        return zip_file.namelist()
-
-
-def list_gcs_filenames(gcs_dict, extension):
-    """
-    Lists all files in a GCS bucket with the given extension.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    gcs_dict : dict
-        ...
-    extension : str
-        File extension of filenames to be listed.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    list
-        Filenames stored at "cloud" path with the given extension.
-
-    """
-    bucket = storage.Client().bucket(gcs_dict["bucket_name"])
-    blobs = bucket.list_blobs(prefix=gcs_dict["path"])
-    return [blob.name for blob in blobs if extension in blob.name]
-
-
-def list_gcs_subdirectories(bucket_name, prefix):
-    """
-    Lists all direct subdirectories of a given prefix in a GCS bucket.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    bucket : str
-        Name of bucket to be read from.
-    prefix : str
-        Path to directory in "bucket".
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    list[str]
-         List of direct subdirectories.
-
-    """
-    # Load blobs
-    storage_client = storage.Client()
-    blobs = storage_client.list_blobs(
-        bucket_name, prefix=prefix, delimiter="/"
-    )
-    [blob.name for blob in blobs]
-
-    # Parse directory contents
-    prefix_depth = len(prefix.split("/"))
-    subdirs = list()
-    for prefix in blobs.prefixes:
-        is_dir = prefix.endswith("/")
-        is_direct_subdir = len(prefix.split("/")) - 1 == prefix_depth
-        if is_dir and is_direct_subdir:
-            subdirs.append(prefix)
-    return subdirs
-
-
-# --- IO utils ---
 def read_json(path):
     """
     Reads JSON file located at the given path.
@@ -385,7 +324,7 @@ def read_zip(zip_file, path):
 
 def write_json(path, contents):
     """
-    Writes "contents" to a json file at "path".
+    Writes "contents" to a JSON file at "path".
 
     Parameters
     ----------
@@ -403,6 +342,27 @@ def write_json(path, contents):
         json.dump(contents, f)
 
 
+def write_list(path, my_list):
+    """
+    Writes each item in a list to a text file, with each item on a new line.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    path : str
+        Path where text file is to be written.
+    my_list
+        The list of items to write to the file.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    None
+
+    """
+    with open(path, "w") as file:
+        for item in my_list:
+            file.write(f"{item}\n")
+
+
 def write_txt(path, contents):
     """
     Writes "contents" to a txt file at "path".
@@ -424,25 +384,62 @@ def write_txt(path, contents):
     f.close()
 
 
-def write_list(path, my_list):
+# --- GCS utils ---
+def list_gcs_filenames(gcs_dict, extension):
     """
-    Writes each item in a list to a text file, with each item on a new line.
+    Lists all files in a GCS bucket with the given extension.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-    path : str
-        Path where text file is to be written.
-    my_list
-        The list of items to write to the file.
+    gcs_dict : dict
+        ...
+    extension : str
+        File extension of filenames to be listed.
 
     Returns
     -------
-    None
+    list
+        Filenames stored at "cloud" path with the given extension.
 
     """
-    with open(path, "w") as file:
-        for item in my_list:
-            file.write(f"{item}\n")
+    bucket = storage.Client().bucket(gcs_dict["bucket_name"])
+    blobs = bucket.list_blobs(prefix=gcs_dict["path"])
+    return [blob.name for blob in blobs if extension in blob.name]
+
+
+def list_gcs_subdirectories(bucket_name, prefix):
+    """
+    Lists all direct subdirectories of a given prefix in a GCS bucket.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    bucket : str
+        Name of bucket to be read from.
+    prefix : str
+        Path to directory in "bucket".
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    List[str]
+         List of direct subdirectories.
+
+    """
+    # Load blobs
+    storage_client = storage.Client()
+    blobs = storage_client.list_blobs(
+        bucket_name, prefix=prefix, delimiter="/"
+    )
+    [blob.name for blob in blobs]
+
+    # Parse directory contents
+    prefix_depth = len(prefix.split("/"))
+    subdirs = list()
+    for prefix in blobs.prefixes:
+        is_dir = prefix.endswith("/")
+        is_direct_subdir = len(prefix.split("/")) - 1 == prefix_depth
+        if is_dir and is_direct_subdir:
+            subdirs.append(prefix)
+    return subdirs
 
 
 # --- S3 utils ---
@@ -550,71 +547,7 @@ def upload_file_to_s3(source_path, bucket_name, destination_path):
     s3.upload_file(source_path, bucket_name, destination_path)
 
 
-# --- math utils ---
-def get_avg_std(data, weights=None):
-    """
-    Computes the average and standard deviation of "data". If "weights" is
-    provided, the weighted average and standard deviation are computed.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    data : numpy.ndarray
-        Data to be evaluated.
-    weights : numpy.ndarray, optional
-        Weights to apply to each point in "data". The default is None.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    float, float
-        Average and standard deviation of "data".
-
-    """
-    avg = np.average(data, weights=weights)
-    var = np.average((data - avg) ** 2, weights=weights)
-    return avg, math.sqrt(var)
-
-
-def sample_once(my_container):
-    """
-    Samples a single element from "my_container".
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    my_container : container
-        Container to be sampled from.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    sample
-
-    """
-    return sample(my_container, 1)[0]
-
-
-# --- dictionary utils ---
-def remove_items(my_dict, keys):
-    """
-    Removes dictionary items corresponding to "keys".
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    my_dict : dict
-        Dictionary to be edited.
-    keys : list
-        List of keys to be deleted from "my_dict".
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    dict
-        Updated dictionary.
-
-    """
-    for key in keys:
-        if key in my_dict:
-            del my_dict[key]
-    return my_dict
-
-
+# --- Dictionary utils ---
 def find_best(my_dict, maximize=True):
     """
     Given a dictionary where each value is either a list or int (i.e. cnt),
@@ -647,6 +580,26 @@ def find_best(my_dict, maximize=True):
     return best_key
 
 
+def remove_items(my_dict, keys):
+    """
+    Removes dictionary items corresponding to "keys".
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    my_dict : dict
+        Dictionary to be edited.
+    keys : list
+        List of keys to be deleted from "my_dict".
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dict
+        Updated dictionary.
+
+    """
+    return {k: v for k, v in my_dict.items() if k not in keys}
+
+
 # --- SmartSheet utils ---
 def find_row_id(brain_id, sheet):
     for row in sheet.rows:
@@ -690,29 +643,7 @@ def update_smartsheet(access_token, brain_id):
     smartsheet_client.Sheets.update_rows(sheet_id, [updated_row])
 
 
-# --- miscellaneous ---
-def count_fragments(fragments_pointer, min_size=0):
-    """
-    Counts the number of fragments in a given predicted segmentation.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    swc_pointer : dict, list, str
-        Object that points to swcs to be read, see class documentation for
-        details.
-    min_size : float, optional
-
-    """
-    # Extract fragments
-    graph_loader = gutil.GraphLoader(min_size=min_size, progress_bar=True)
-    graph = graph_loader.run(fragments_pointer)
-
-    # Report results
-    print("# Connected Components:", nx.number_connected_components(graph))
-    print("# Nodes:", graph.number_of_nodes())
-    print("# Edges:", graph.number_of_edges())
-
-
+# --- Miscellaneous ---
 def get_swc_id(path):
     """
     Gets segment id of the swc file at "path".
@@ -768,22 +699,21 @@ def numpy_to_hashable(arr):
     return [tuple(item) for item in arr.tolist()]
 
 
-def reformat_number(number):
+def sample_once(my_container):
     """
-    Reformats large number to have commas.
+    Samples a single element from "my_container".
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-    number : float
-        Number to be reformatted.
+    my_container : container
+        Container to be sampled from.
 
     Returns
     -------
-    str
-        Reformatted number.
+    sample
 
     """
-    return f"{number:,}"
+    return sample(my_container, 1)[0]
 
 
 def spaced_idxs(arr_length, k):
@@ -814,14 +744,14 @@ def spaced_idxs(arr_length, k):
 
 def time_writer(t, unit="seconds"):
     """
-    Converts a runtime "t" to a larger unit of time if applicable.
+    Converts a runtime to a larger unit of time if applicable.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
     t : float
         Runtime.
     unit : str, optional
-        Unit of time that "t" is expressed in.
+        Unit that the given time is expressed in.
 
     Returns
     -------