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class="site-page" href="javascript:void(0);" rel="external nofollow noreferrer"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-bars"></i></a></div></div></nav><div id="post-info"><div id="post-firstinfo"><div class="meta-firstline"><a class="post-meta-original">原创</a><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-inbox post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="categories/Python%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95/">Python语法</a></span><span class="article-meta tags"><a class="article-meta__tags" href="tags/Python%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95/"><span><i class="iconfont icon-Tags"></i>Python语法</span></a></span></div></div><h1 class="post-title">Python基础语法（三）基础入门——输入、 强制转换数据类型、 运算符</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><i class="iconfont icon-zuozhe"></i><span class="post-meta-author">安志</span><span class="post-meta-date"><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-calendar-days post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2023-05-09T11:25:17.000Z" title="发表于 2023-05-09 19:25:17">2023-05-09</time><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-history post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2024-03-01T06:58:43.359Z" title="更新于 2024-03-01 14:58:43">2024-03-01</time></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-file-word post-meta-icon" title="文章字数"></i><span class="post-meta-label" title="文章字数">字数总计:</span><span class="word-count" title="文章字数">2.9k</span><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-clock post-meta-icon" title="阅读时长"></i><span class="post-meta-label" title="阅读时长">阅读时长:</span><span>10分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><span class="post-meta-position" title="作者IP属地为北京"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-location-dot"></i>北京</span></div></div></div><section class="main-hero-waves-area waves-area"><svg class="waves-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 24 150 28" preserveAspectRatio="none" shape-rendering="auto"><defs><path id="gentle-wave" d="M -160 44 c 30 0 58 -18 88 -18 s 58 18 88 18 s 58 -18 88 -18 s 58 18 88 18 v 44 h -352 Z"></path></defs><g class="parallax"><use href="#gentle-wave" x="48" y="0"></use><use href="#gentle-wave" x="48" y="3"></use><use href="#gentle-wave" x="48" y="5"></use><use href="#gentle-wave" x="48" y="7"></use></g></svg></section><div id="post-top-cover"><img class="nolazyload" id="post-top-bg" src="https://cdn.statically.io/gh/AnZhiJJ/Blog_Img@main/博客站点配图/python-logo.6puefdh4wtk0.png"></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h2 id="目标">目标</h2>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">输入功能的语法</li>
<li class="lvl-2">输入input的特点</li>
<li class="lvl-2">数据类型转换的必要性</li>
<li class="lvl-2">数据类型转换常用方法</li>
<li class="lvl-2">掌握常用运算符的作用</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="输入">输入</h2>
<p>在Python中，程序接收用户输入的数据的功能即是输入。</p>
<img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.statically.io/gh/AnZhiJJ/Blog_Img@Python/pythonStudy_img/image-20190116102035162-7605235.png" alt="image-20190116102035162" style="zoom: 33%;" />
<h3 id="输入的语法">输入的语法</h3>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">input</span>(<span class="string">&quot;提示信息&quot;</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="输入的特点">输入的特点</h3>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>当程序执行到<code>input</code>，<mark>等待用户输入</mark>，输入完成之后才继续向下执行。</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>在Python中，<code>input</code>接收用户输入后，一般<mark>存储到变量</mark>，方便使用。</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>在Python中，<code>input</code>会把接收到的任意用户<strong>输入的数据</strong>都当做<mark>字符串</mark>处理。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">password = <span class="built_in">input</span>(<span class="string">&quot;请输入您的密码：&quot;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">f&#x27;您输入的密码是:<span class="subst">&#123;password&#125;</span>&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(password))</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 类型是字符串</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>控制台输出结果如下：</p>
<p><img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.statically.io/gh/AnZhiJJ/Blog_Img@Python/pythonStudy_img/image-20230511185724914.png" alt="image-20230511185724914"></p>
<h3 id="总结">总结</h3>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>输入功能</p>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-4">input(‘提示文字’)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>输入的特点</p>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-4">
<p>一般将input接收的数据存储到变量</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-4">
<p>input接收的任何数据默认都是字符串数据类型</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="强制转换数据类型">强制转换数据类型</h2>
<h3 id="转换数据类型的作用">转换数据类型的作用</h3>
<p>问：<strong>input()接收用户输入的数据都是字符串类型</strong>，如果用户输入1，想得到整型该如何操作？</p>
<p>答：转换数据类型即可，即将字符串类型转换成整型。<mark>将input()函数得到的数据（已自动成为字符串）强制转换为其他类型</mark></p>
<h3 id="转换数据类型的函数">转换数据类型的函数</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">函数</th>
<th style="text-align:center">说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><mark>int(x [,base ])</mark></td>
<td style="text-align:center">将x转换为一个整数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><mark>float(x )</mark></td>
<td style="text-align:center">将x转换为一个浮点数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">complex(real [,imag ])</td>
<td style="text-align:center">创建一个复数，real为实部，imag为虚部</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><mark>str(x )</mark></td>
<td style="text-align:center">将对象 x 转换为字符串</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">repr(x )</td>
<td style="text-align:center">将对象 x 转换为表达式字符串</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><mark>eval(str )</mark></td>
<td style="text-align:center">用来计算在字符串中的有效Python表达式,并返回一个对象<b><font color=red>（返回数据的原本类型）</font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><mark>tuple(s )</mark></td>
<td style="text-align:center">将序列 s 转换为一个元组</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><mark>list(s )</mark></td>
<td style="text-align:center">将序列 s 转换为一个列表</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">chr(x )</td>
<td style="text-align:center">将一个整数转换为一个Unicode字符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">ord(x )</td>
<td style="text-align:center">将一个字符转换为它的ASCII整数值</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">hex(x )</td>
<td style="text-align:center">将一个整数转换为一个十六进制字符串</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">oct(x )</td>
<td style="text-align:center">将一个整数转换为一个八进制字符串</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">bin(x )</td>
<td style="text-align:center">将一个整数转换为一个二进制字符串</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="快速体验">快速体验</h3>
<p>需求：input接收用户输入，用户输入“1”，将这个数据1转换成整型。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1. 接收用户输入</span></span><br><span class="line">num = <span class="built_in">input</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;请输入您的幸运数字：&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 2. 打印结果</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">f&quot;您的幸运数字是<span class="subst">&#123;num&#125;</span>&quot;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 3. 检测接收到的用户输入的数据类型 -- str类型</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(num))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 4. 转换数据类型为整型 -- int类型</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(<span class="built_in">int</span>(num)))</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="实验">实验</h3>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1. float() -- 转换成浮点型</span></span><br><span class="line">num1 = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">float</span>(num1))</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(<span class="built_in">float</span>(num1)))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 2. str() -- 转换成字符串类型</span></span><br><span class="line">num2 = <span class="number">10</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(<span class="built_in">str</span>(num2))) </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 3. tuple() -- 将一个序列转换成元组</span></span><br><span class="line">list1 = [<span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">20</span>, <span class="number">30</span>]  <span class="comment"># list列表</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">tuple</span>(list1))</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(<span class="built_in">tuple</span>(list1)))  <span class="comment"># tuple元组</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 4. list() -- 将一个序列转换成列表</span></span><br><span class="line">t1 = (<span class="number">100</span>, <span class="number">200</span>, <span class="number">300</span>)  <span class="comment"># tuple元组</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">list</span>(t1))</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(<span class="built_in">list</span>(t1)))  <span class="comment"># list列表</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 5. eval() -- 将字符串中的数据转换成Python表达式原本类型（返回数据的原本类型）</span></span><br><span class="line">str1 = <span class="string">&#x27;10&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">str2 = <span class="string">&#x27;10.1&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">str3 = <span class="string">&#x27;(1000, 2000, 3000)&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">str4 = <span class="string">&#x27;[1, 2, 3]&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(<span class="built_in">eval</span>(str1)))  <span class="comment"># int</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(<span class="built_in">eval</span>(str2)))  <span class="comment"># float</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(<span class="built_in">eval</span>(str3)))  <span class="comment"># tuple元组</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(<span class="built_in">eval</span>(str4)))  <span class="comment"># list 列表</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>注：<b><font color=red>print得到数据是不会将得到的数据字符串化处理的，只有当格式化输出需要时，在print()函数加入格式化字符才会输出相应的类型</font></b></p>
<h3 id="总结-2">总结</h3>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>转换数据类型常用的函数</p>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-4">int()</li>
<li class="lvl-4">float()</li>
<li class="lvl-4">str()</li>
<li class="lvl-4">list()</li>
<li class="lvl-4">tuple()</li>
<li class="lvl-4">eval()</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="运算符">运算符</h2>
<h3 id="运算符的分类">运算符的分类</h3>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>算数运算符</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>赋值运算符</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>复合赋值运算符</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>比较运算符</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>逻辑运算符</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="算数运算符">算数运算符</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">运算符</th>
<th style="text-align:center">描述</th>
<th style="text-align:left">实例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">+</td>
<td style="text-align:center">加</td>
<td style="text-align:left">1 + 1 输出结果为 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">-</td>
<td style="text-align:center">减</td>
<td style="text-align:left">1-1 输出结果为 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">*</td>
<td style="text-align:center">乘</td>
<td style="text-align:left">2 * 2 输出结果为 4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">/</td>
<td style="text-align:center">除（除尽）</td>
<td style="text-align:left">10 / 2 输出结果为 5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><mark>//</mark></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><mark>整除</mark>(取商，往小的方向取整数)</td>
<td style="text-align:left">9 // 4 输出结果为2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><mark>%</mark></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><mark>取余</mark>（取模， 返回除法的余数）</td>
<td style="text-align:left">9 % 4 输出结果为 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><mark>**</mark></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><mark>指数</mark></td>
<td style="text-align:left">2 ** 4 输出结果为 16，即 2 * 2 * 2 * 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">()</td>
<td style="text-align:center">小括号</td>
<td style="text-align:left">小括号用来提高运算优先级，即 (1 + 2) * 3 输出结果为 9</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<blockquote>
<p>注意：</p>
</blockquote>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>混合运算优先级顺序：<code>()</code>高于 <code>**</code> 高于 <code>*</code> <code>/</code> <code>//</code> <code>%</code> 高于 <code>+</code> <code>-</code></p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>只要运算中含浮点数（小数），计算出来的值一定是浮点数（小数）</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="赋值运算符">赋值运算符</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">运算符</th>
<th style="text-align:center">描述</th>
<th style="text-align:center">实例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">=</td>
<td style="text-align:center">赋值</td>
<td style="text-align:center">将<code>=</code>右侧的结果赋值给等号左侧的变量</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>单个变量赋值</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">num = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(num)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p><strong>多个变量赋值</strong></p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">num1, float1, str1 = <span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">0.5</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;hello world&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(num1)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(float1)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(str1)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>结果如下：</p>
<img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.statically.io/gh/AnZhiJJ/Blog_Img@Python/pythonStudy_img/image-20230511210657988.png" alt="image-20230511210657988" style="zoom:70%;" />
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p><strong>多变量赋相同值</strong></p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a = b = <span class="number">10</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(a)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(b)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>结果如下：</p>
<img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.statically.io/gh/AnZhiJJ/Blog_Img@Python/pythonStudy_img/image-20230511211124415.png" alt="image-20230511211124415" style="zoom:67%;" />
<h3 id="复合赋值运算符">复合赋值运算符</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">运算符</th>
<th>描述</th>
<th>实例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">+=</td>
<td>加法赋值运算符</td>
<td>c += a 等价于 c = c + a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">-=</td>
<td>减法赋值运算符</td>
<td>c -= a 等价于 c = c- a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">*=</td>
<td>乘法赋值运算符</td>
<td>c *= a 等价于 c = c * a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">/=</td>
<td>除法赋值运算符</td>
<td>c /= a 等价于 c = c / a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">//=</td>
<td>整除赋值运算符</td>
<td>c //= a 等价于 c = c // a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">%=</td>
<td>取余赋值运算符</td>
<td>c %= a 等价于 c = c % a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">**=</td>
<td>幂赋值运算符</td>
<td>c ** = a 等价于 c = c ** a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">:=</td>
<td>海象运算符，可在表达式内部为变量赋值。</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>对于海象运算符=，它是<strong>Python3.8 版本新增运算符</strong>。在这个示例中，赋值表达式可以避免调用 <code>len()</code> 两次:</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> (n := <span class="built_in">len</span>(a)) &gt; <span class="number">10</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">f&quot;List is too long (<span class="subst">&#123;n&#125;</span> elements, expected &lt;= 10)&quot;</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>示例</strong>：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a = <span class="number">100</span></span><br><span class="line">a += <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 输出101  a = a + 1,最终a = 100 + 1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(a)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">b = <span class="number">2</span></span><br><span class="line">b *= <span class="number">3</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 输出6  b = b * 3,最终b = 2 * 3</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(b)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">c = <span class="number">10</span></span><br><span class="line">c += <span class="number">1</span> + <span class="number">2</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 输出13, 先算运算符右侧1 + 2 = 3， c += 3 , 推导出c = 10 + 3</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(c)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>对于复杂的含复合赋值运算符的表达式:</strong></p>
<p><mark>先算复合赋值运算符右侧的表达式，再算复合赋值运算。</mark></p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">d = <span class="number">56</span></span><br><span class="line">d *= <span class="number">10</span> + <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># d *= 11 -- d = 56*11</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="比较运算符">比较运算符</h3>
<p>比较运算符也叫关系运算符， 通常用来判断。</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>运算符</th>
<th>描述</th>
<th>实例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>==</td>
<td>判断相等。如果两个操作数的结果相等，则条件结果为真(True)，否则条件结果为假(False)</td>
<td>如a=3,b=3，则（a == b) 为 True</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>!=</td>
<td>不等于 。如果两个操作数的结果不相等，则条件为真(True)，否则条件结果为假(False)</td>
<td>如a=3,b=3，则（a == b) 为 True如a=1,b=3，则(a != b) 为 True</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&gt;</td>
<td>运算符左侧操作数结果是否大于右侧操作数结果，如果大于，则条件为真，否则为假</td>
<td>如a=7,b=3，则(a &gt; b) 为 True</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&lt;</td>
<td>运算符左侧操作数结果是否小于右侧操作数结果，如果小于，则条件为真，否则为假</td>
<td>如a=7,b=3，则(a &lt; b) 为 False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&gt;=</td>
<td>运算符左侧操作数结果是否大于等于右侧操作数结果，如果大于，则条件为真，否则为假</td>
<td>如a=7,b=3，则(a &lt; b) 为 False如a=3,b=3，则(a &gt;= b) 为 True</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&lt;=</td>
<td>运算符左侧操作数结果是否小于等于右侧操作数结果，如果小于，则条件为真，否则为假</td>
<td>如a=3,b=3，则(a &lt;= b) 为 True</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a = <span class="number">7</span></span><br><span class="line">b = <span class="number">5</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(a == b)  <span class="comment"># False</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(a != b)  <span class="comment"># True</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(a &lt; b)   <span class="comment"># False</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(a &gt; b)   <span class="comment"># True</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(a &lt;= b)  <span class="comment"># False</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(a &gt;= b)  <span class="comment"># True</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><mark>结果只能得到True或False,用于判断语句较多</mark></p>
<h3 id="逻辑运算符">逻辑运算符</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>运算符</th>
<th>逻辑表达式</th>
<th>描述</th>
<th>实例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>and</td>
<td>x and y</td>
<td>布尔&quot;与&quot;：如果 x 为 False，x and y 返回 False，否则它返回 y 的值。</td>
<td>True and False， 返回 False。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>or</td>
<td>x or y</td>
<td>布尔&quot;或&quot;：如果 x 是 True，它返回 True，否则它返回 y 的值。</td>
<td>False or True， 返回 True。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>not</td>
<td>not x</td>
<td>布尔&quot;非&quot;：如果 x 为 True，返回 False 。如果 x 为 False，它返回 True。</td>
<td>not True 返回 False, not False 返回 True</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line">b = <span class="number">2</span></span><br><span class="line">c = <span class="number">3</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1 and 与（且） 都真才真</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>((a &lt; b) <span class="keyword">and</span> (c &gt; b))  <span class="comment"># True</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>((a &gt; b) <span class="keyword">and</span> (c &gt; b))  <span class="comment"># False</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 2  or 或 有一真为真，都假才假</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>((a &gt; b) <span class="keyword">or</span> (c &gt; b))  <span class="comment"># True</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>((a &gt; c) <span class="keyword">or</span> (c &gt; b))  <span class="comment"># True</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 3 not 非  真即非假</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="keyword">not</span>(c)) <span class="comment"># False</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="keyword">not</span> (a &gt; b)) <span class="comment"># True</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>使用运算符时，尽量加小括号（）来运算</strong></p>
<h4 id="拓展">拓展</h4>
<p>数字之间的逻辑运算</p>
<blockquote>
<p><mark>and运算符，只要有一个值为0，则结果为0，否则结果为最后一个非0数字<br>
or运算符，只有所有值为0结果才为0，否则结果为第一个非0数字</mark></p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a = <span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line">b = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line">c = <span class="number">2</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># and运算符，只要有一个值为0，则结果为0，否则结果为最后一个非0数字</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(a <span class="keyword">and</span> b)  <span class="comment"># 0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(b <span class="keyword">and</span> a)  <span class="comment"># 0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(a <span class="keyword">and</span> c)  <span class="comment"># 0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(c <span class="keyword">and</span> a)  <span class="comment"># 0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(b <span class="keyword">and</span> c)  <span class="comment"># 2</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(c <span class="keyword">and</span> b)  <span class="comment"># 1</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># or运算符，只有所有值为0结果才为0，否则结果为第一个非0数字</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(a <span class="keyword">or</span> b)  <span class="comment"># 1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(a <span class="keyword">or</span> c)  <span class="comment"># 2</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(b <span class="keyword">or</span> c)  <span class="comment"># 1</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="位运算符">位运算符</h3>
<p>按位运算符是把数字看作二进制来进行计算的。Python中的按位运算法则如下：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">运算符</th>
<th>描述</th>
<th style="text-align:left">实例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">&amp;</td>
<td><strong>按位与</strong>运算符：参与运算的两个值,如果两个相应位都为1,则该位的结果为1,否则为0</td>
<td style="text-align:left">(a &amp; b) 输出结果 12 ，二进制解释： 0000 1100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">|</td>
<td><strong>按位或</strong>运算符：只要对应的二个二进位有一个为1时，结果位就为1。</td>
<td style="text-align:left">(a | b) 输出结果 61 ，二进制解释： 0011 1101</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">^</td>
<td><strong>按位异或</strong>运算符：当两对应的二进位相异时，结果为1</td>
<td style="text-align:left">(a ^ b) 输出结果 49 ，二进制解释： 0011 0001</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">~</td>
<td><strong>按位取反</strong>运算符：对数据的每个二进制位取反,即把1变为0,把0变为1。<strong>~x</strong> 类似于 <strong>-x-1</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">(~a ) 输出结果 -61 ，二进制解释： 1100 0011， 在一个有符号二进制数的补码形式。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">&lt;&lt;</td>
<td><strong>左移动</strong>运算符：运算数的各二进位全部左移若干位，由&quot;&lt;&lt;&quot;右边的数指定移动的位数，高位丢弃，低位补0。</td>
<td style="text-align:left">a &lt;&lt; 2 输出结果 240 ，二进制解释： 1111 0000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">&gt;&gt;</td>
<td><strong>右移动</strong>运算符：把&quot;&gt;&gt;“左边的运算数的各二进位全部右移若干位，”&gt;&gt;&quot;右边的数指定移动的位数</td>
<td style="text-align:left">a &gt;&gt; 2 输出结果 15 ，二进制解释： 0000 1111</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>示例：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a = <span class="number">60</span>            <span class="comment"># 60 = 0011 1100 </span></span><br><span class="line">b = <span class="number">13</span>            <span class="comment"># 13 = 0000 1101 </span></span><br><span class="line">c = <span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">c = a &amp; b        <span class="comment"># 12 = 0000 1100</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span> (<span class="string">&quot;1 - c 的值为：&quot;</span>, c)</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">c = a | b        <span class="comment"># 61 = 0011 1101 </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span> (<span class="string">&quot;2 - c 的值为：&quot;</span>, c)</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">c = a ^ b        <span class="comment"># 49 = 0011 0001</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span> (<span class="string">&quot;3 - c 的值为：&quot;</span>, c)</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">c = ~a           <span class="comment"># -61 = 1100 0011</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span> (<span class="string">&quot;4 - c 的值为：&quot;</span>, c)</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">c = a &lt;&lt; <span class="number">2</span>       <span class="comment"># 240 = 1111 0000</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span> (<span class="string">&quot;5 - c 的值为：&quot;</span>, c)</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">c = a &gt;&gt; <span class="number">2</span>       <span class="comment"># 15 = 0000 1111</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span> (<span class="string">&quot;6 - c 的值为：&quot;</span>, c)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>以上实例输出结果：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">1</span> - c 的值为： <span class="number">12</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">2</span> - c 的值为： <span class="number">61</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">3</span> - c 的值为： <span class="number">49</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">4</span> - c 的值为： -<span class="number">61</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">5</span> - c 的值为： <span class="number">240</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">6</span> - c 的值为： <span class="number">15</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="总结-3">总结</h2>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>算数运算的优先级</p>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-4">混合运算优先级顺序：<code>()</code>高于 <code>**</code> 高于 <code>*</code> <code>/</code> <code>//</code> <code>%</code> 高于 <code>+</code> <code>-</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>赋值运算符</p>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-4">=</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>复合赋值运算符</p>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-4">+=</li>
<li class="lvl-4">-=</li>
<li class="lvl-4">优先级
<ol>
<li class="lvl-7">先算复合赋值运算符右侧的表达式</li>
<li class="lvl-7">再算复合赋值运算的算数运算</li>
<li class="lvl-7">最后算赋值运算</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>比较运算符</p>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-4">判断相等： ==</li>
<li class="lvl-4">大于等于： &gt;=</li>
<li class="lvl-4">小于等于：&lt;=</li>
<li class="lvl-4">不等于： !=</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>逻辑运算符</p>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-4">与： and</li>
<li class="lvl-4">或：or</li>
<li class="lvl-4">非：not</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>位运算符</p>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-6">按位与&amp;</li>
<li class="lvl-6">按位或|</li>
<li class="lvl-6">按位异或^</li>
<li class="lvl-6">按位取反~</li>
<li class="lvl-6">左移动&lt;&lt; 、右移动&gt;&gt;</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87"><span class="toc-text">目标</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5"><span class="toc-text">输入</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-text">输入的语法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E7%9A%84%E7%89%B9%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-text">输入的特点</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BC%BA%E5%88%B6%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-text">强制转换数据类型</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-text">转换数据类型的作用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-text">转换数据类型的函数</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%93%E9%AA%8C"><span class="toc-text">快速体验</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C"><span class="toc-text">实验</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93-2"><span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6"><span class="toc-text">运算符</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB"><span class="toc-text">运算符的分类</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AE%97%E6%95%B0%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6"><span class="toc-text">算数运算符</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B5%8B%E5%80%BC%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6"><span class="toc-text">赋值运算符</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E8%B5%8B%E5%80%BC%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6"><span class="toc-text">复合赋值运算符</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6"><span class="toc-text">比较运算符</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6"><span class="toc-text">逻辑运算符</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8B%93%E5%B1%95"><span class="toc-text">拓展</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%8D%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6"><span class="toc-text">位运算符</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93-3"><span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="" title="卷积神经网络-CNN"><img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.statically.io/gh/AnZhiJJ/Blog_Img@Science+/read_paper/1.kupf912yxi8.webp" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="卷积神经网络-CNN"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="" title="卷积神经网络-CNN">卷积神经网络-CNN</a><time datetime="2023-07-26T00:00:00.000Z" title="发表于 2023-07-26 08:00:00">2023-07-26</time></div></div><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" 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    const $rightMenuPlugin = document.querySelector(".rightMenuPlugin");
    const $rightMenuCopyText = document.querySelector("#menu-copytext");
    const $rightMenuPasteText = document.querySelector("#menu-pastetext");
    const $rightMenuCommentText = document.querySelector("#menu-commenttext");
    const $rightMenuNewWindow = document.querySelector("#menu-newwindow");
    const $rightMenuNewWindowImg = document.querySelector("#menu-newwindowimg");
    const $rightMenuCopyLink = document.querySelector("#menu-copylink");
    const $rightMenuCopyImg = document.querySelector("#menu-copyimg");
    const $rightMenuDownloadImg = document.querySelector("#menu-downloadimg");
    const $rightMenuSearch = document.querySelector("#menu-search");
    const $rightMenuSearchBaidu = document.querySelector("#menu-searchBaidu");
    const $rightMenuMusicToggle = document.querySelector("#menu-music-toggle");
    const $rightMenuMusicBack = document.querySelector("#menu-music-back");
    const $rightMenuMusicForward = document.querySelector("#menu-music-forward");
    const $rightMenuMusicPlaylist = document.querySelector("#menu-music-playlist");
    const $rightMenuMusicCopyMusicName = document.querySelector("#menu-music-copyMusicName");

    let href = event.target.href;
    let imgsrc = event.target.currentSrc;

    // 判断模式 扩展模式为有事件
    let pluginMode = false;
    $rightMenuOther.style.display = "block";
    globalEvent = event;

    // 检查是否需要复制 是否有选中文本
    if (selectTextNow && window.getSelection()) {
      pluginMode = true;
      $rightMenuCopyText.style.display = "block";
      $rightMenuCommentText.style.display = "block";
      $rightMenuSearch.style.display = "block";
      $rightMenuSearchBaidu.style.display = "block";
    } else {
      $rightMenuCopyText.style.display = "none";
      $rightMenuCommentText.style.display = "none";
      $rightMenuSearchBaidu.style.display = "none";
      $rightMenuSearch.style.display = "none";
    }

    //检查是否右键点击了链接a标签
    if (href) {
      pluginMode = true;
      $rightMenuNewWindow.style.display = "block";
      $rightMenuCopyLink.style.display = "block";
      domhref = href;
    } else {
      $rightMenuNewWindow.style.display = "none";
      $rightMenuCopyLink.style.display = "none";
    }

    //检查是否需要复制图片
    if (imgsrc) {
      pluginMode = true;
      $rightMenuCopyImg.style.display = "block";
      $rightMenuDownloadImg.style.display = "block";
      $rightMenuNewWindowImg.style.display = "block";
      document.getElementById("rightMenu").style.width="12rem"
      domImgSrc = imgsrc;
    } else {
      $rightMenuCopyImg.style.display = "none";
      $rightMenuDownloadImg.style.display = "none";
      $rightMenuNewWindowImg.style.display = "none";
    }

    // 判断是否为输入框
    if (event.target.tagName.toLowerCase() === "input" || event.target.tagName.toLowerCase() === "textarea") {
      pluginMode = true;
      $rightMenuPasteText.style.display = "block";
    } else {
      $rightMenuPasteText.style.display = "none";
    }
    const navMusicEl = document.querySelector("#nav-music");
    //判断是否是音乐
    if (navMusicEl && navMusicEl.contains(event.target)) {
      pluginMode = true;
      $rightMenuMusicToggle.style.display = "block";
      $rightMenuMusicBack.style.display = "block";
      $rightMenuMusicForward.style.display = "block";
      $rightMenuMusicPlaylist.style.display = "block";
      $rightMenuMusicCopyMusicName.style.display = "block";
    } else {
      $rightMenuMusicToggle.style.display = "none";
      $rightMenuMusicBack.style.display = "none";
      $rightMenuMusicForward.style.display = "none";
      $rightMenuMusicPlaylist.style.display = "none";
      $rightMenuMusicCopyMusicName.style.display = "none";
    }

    // 如果不是扩展模式则隐藏扩展模块
    if (pluginMode) {
      $rightMenuOther.style.display = "none";
      $rightMenuPlugin.style.display = "block";
    } else {
      $rightMenuPlugin.style.display = "none";
    }

    rm.reloadrmSize();

    // 鼠标默认显示在鼠标右下方，当鼠标靠右或靠下时，将菜单显示在鼠标左方\上方
    if (pageX + rmWidth > window.innerWidth) {
      pageX -= rmWidth + 10;
    }
    if (pageY + rmHeight > window.innerHeight) {
      pageY -= pageY + rmHeight - window.innerHeight;
    }

    rm.showRightMenu(true, pageY, pageX);
    document.getElementById("rightmenu-mask").style.display = "flex";
    return false;
  }
};

// 监听右键初始化
window.oncontextmenu = oncontextmenuFunction

// 下载图片状态
rm.downloadimging = false;

// 复制图片到剪贴板
rm.writeClipImg = function (imgsrc) {
  console.log("按下复制");
  rm.hideRightMenu();
  anzhiyu.snackbarShow("正在下载中，请稍后", false, 10000);
  if (rm.downloadimging == false) {
    rm.downloadimging = true;
    setTimeout(function () {
      copyImage(imgsrc);
      anzhiyu.snackbarShow("复制成功！图片已添加盲水印，请遵守版权协议");
      rm.downloadimging = false;
    }, "10000");
  }
};

function imageToBlob(imageURL) {
  const img = new Image();
  const c = document.createElement("canvas");
  const ctx = c.getContext("2d");
  img.crossOrigin = "";
  img.src = imageURL;
  return new Promise(resolve => {
    img.onload = function () {
      c.width = this.naturalWidth;
      c.height = this.naturalHeight;
      ctx.drawImage(this, 0, 0);
      c.toBlob(
        blob => {
          // here the image is a blob
          resolve(blob);
        },
        "image/png",
        0.75
      );
    };
  });
}

async function copyImage(imageURL) {
  const blob = await imageToBlob(imageURL);
  const item = new ClipboardItem({ "image/png": blob });
  navigator.clipboard.write([item]);
}

rm.switchDarkMode = function () {
  // Switch Between Light And Dark Mode
  const nowMode = document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme") === "dark" ? "dark" : "light";
  if (nowMode === "light") {
    activateDarkMode();
    saveToLocal.set("theme", "dark", 2);
    GLOBAL_CONFIG.Snackbar !== undefined && anzhiyu.snackbarShow(GLOBAL_CONFIG.Snackbar.day_to_night);
    document.querySelector(".menu-darkmode-text").textContent = "浅色模式";
  } else {
    activateLightMode();
    saveToLocal.set("theme", "light", 2);
    GLOBAL_CONFIG.Snackbar !== undefined && anzhiyu.snackbarShow(GLOBAL_CONFIG.Snackbar.night_to_day);
    document.querySelector(".menu-darkmode-text").textContent = "深色模式";
  }
  // handle some cases
  typeof runMermaid === "function" && window.runMermaid();
  rm.hideRightMenu();
  anzhiyu.darkModeStatus();
};

rm.copyUrl = function (id) {
  const input = document.createElement("input"); // Create a new <input> element
  input.id = "copyVal"; // Set the id of the new element to "copyVal"
  document.body.appendChild(input); // Append the new element to the end of the <body> element
  
  const text = id;
  input.value = text;
  input.select();
  input.setSelectionRange(0, input.value.length);
  document.execCommand("copy");
  
  input.remove(); // Remove the <input> element from the DOM
};

function stopMaskScroll() {
  if (document.getElementById("rightmenu-mask")) {
    let xscroll = document.getElementById("rightmenu-mask");
    xscroll.addEventListener(
      "mousewheel",
      function (e) {
        //阻止浏览器默认方法
        rm.hideRightMenu();
        // e.preventDefault();
      },
      false
    );
  }
  if (document.getElementById("rightMenu")) {
    let xscroll = document.getElementById("rightMenu");
    xscroll.addEventListener(
      "mousewheel",
      function (e) {
        //阻止浏览器默认方法
        rm.hideRightMenu();
        // e.preventDefault();
      },
      false
    );
  }
}

rm.rightmenuCopyText = function (txt) {
  if (navigator.clipboard) {
    navigator.clipboard.writeText(txt);
  }
  rm.hideRightMenu();
};

rm.copyPageUrl = function () {
  var url = window.location.href;
  rm.copyUrl(url);
  anzhiyu.snackbarShow("复制本页链接地址成功", false, 2000);
  rm.hideRightMenu();
};

rm.sharePage = function () {
  var content = window.location.href;
  rm.copyUrl(url);
  anzhiyu.snackbarShow("复制本页链接地址成功", false, 2000);
  rm.hideRightMenu();
};

// 复制当前选中文本
var selectTextNow = "";
document.onmouseup = document.ondblclick = selceText;

function selceText() {
  var txt;
  if (document.selection) {
    txt = document.selection.createRange().text;
  } else {
    txt = window.getSelection().toString();
  }
  selectTextNow = txt !== "" ? txt : "";
}

// 读取剪切板
rm.readClipboard = function () {
  if (navigator.clipboard) {
    navigator.clipboard.readText().then(clipText => rm.insertAtCaret(globalEvent.target, clipText));
  }
};

// 粘贴文本到焦点
rm.insertAtCaret = function (elemt, value) {
  const startPos = elemt.selectionStart,
    endPos = elemt.selectionEnd;
  if (document.selection) {
    elemt.focus();
    var sel = document.selection.createRange();
    sel.text = value;
    elemt.focus();
  } else {
    if (startPos || startPos == "0") {
      var scrollTop = elemt.scrollTop;
      elemt.value = elemt.value.substring(0, startPos) + value + elemt.value.substring(endPos, elemt.value.length);
      elemt.focus();
      elemt.selectionStart = startPos + value.length;
      elemt.selectionEnd = startPos + value.length;
      elemt.scrollTop = scrollTop;
    } else {
      elemt.value += value;
      elemt.focus();
    }
  }
};

//粘贴文本
rm.pasteText = function () {
  const result = rm.readClipboard() || "";
  rm.hideRightMenu();
};

//引用到评论
rm.rightMenuCommentText = function (txt) {
  rm.hideRightMenu();
  const postCommentDom = document.getElementById("post-comment");
  var domTop = postCommentDom.offsetTop;
  window.scrollTo(0, domTop - 80);
  if (txt == "undefined" || txt == "null") txt = "好棒！";
  function setText() {
    setTimeout(() => {
      var input = document.getElementsByClassName("el-textarea__inner")[0];
      if (!input) setText();
      let evt = document.createEvent("HTMLEvents");
      evt.initEvent("input", true, true);
      let inputValue = replaceAll(txt, "\n", "\n> ");
      input.value = "> " + inputValue + "\n\n";
      input.dispatchEvent(evt);
      input.focus();
      input.setSelectionRange(-1, -1);
      if (document.getElementById("comment-tips")) {
        document.getElementById("comment-tips").classList.add("show");
      }
    }, 100);
  }
  setText();
};

//替换所有内容
function replaceAll(string, search, replace) {
  return string.split(search).join(replace);
}

// 百度搜索
rm.searchBaidu = function () {
  anzhiyu.snackbarShow("即将跳转到百度搜索", false, 2000);
  setTimeout(function () {
    window.open("https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=" + selectTextNow);
  }, "2000");
  rm.hideRightMenu();
};

//分享链接
rm.copyLink = function () {
  rm.rightmenuCopyText(domhref);
  anzhiyu.snackbarShow("已复制链接地址");
};

function addRightMenuClickEvent() {
  // 添加点击事件
  document.getElementById("menu-backward").addEventListener("click", function () {
  window.history.back();
    rm.hideRightMenu();
  });

  document.getElementById("menu-forward").addEventListener("click", function () {
    window.history.forward();
    rm.hideRightMenu();
  });

  document.getElementById("menu-refresh").addEventListener("click", function () {
    window.location.reload();
  });

  document.getElementById("menu-top").addEventListener("click", function () {
    anzhiyu.scrollToDest(0, 500);
    rm.hideRightMenu();
  });

  const menuLinks = document.querySelectorAll(".menu-link");
  menuLinks.forEach(function (link) {
    link.addEventListener("click", rm.hideRightMenu);
  });

  document.getElementById("menu-darkmode").addEventListener("click", rm.switchDarkMode);

  document.getElementById("menu-home") && document.getElementById("menu-home").addEventListener("click", function () {
    window.location.href = window.location.origin;
  });

  document.getElementById("menu-randomPost").addEventListener("click", function () {
    toRandomPost();
  });

  document.getElementById("menu-commentBarrage").addEventListener("click", anzhiyu.switchCommentBarrage);

  document.getElementById("rightmenu-mask").addEventListener("click", rm.hideRightMenu);

  document.getElementById("rightmenu-mask").addEventListener("contextmenu", function (event) {
    rm.hideRightMenu();
    event.preventDefault(); // Prevent the default context menu from appearing
  });

  document.getElementById("menu-copy").addEventListener("click", rm.copyPageUrl);

  document.getElementById("menu-pastetext").addEventListener("click", rm.pasteText);

  document.getElementById("menu-copytext").addEventListener("click", function () {
    rm.rightmenuCopyText(selectTextNow);
    anzhiyu.snackbarShow("复制成功，复制和转载请标注本文地址");
  });

  document.getElementById("menu-commenttext").addEventListener("click", function () {
    rm.rightMenuCommentText(selectTextNow);
  });

  document.getElementById("menu-newwindow").addEventListener("click", function () {
    window.open(domhref);
    rm.hideRightMenu();
  });

  document.getElementById("menu-copylink").addEventListener("click", rm.copyLink);

  document.getElementById("menu-downloadimg").addEventListener("click", function () {
    anzhiyu.downloadImage(domImgSrc, "anzhiyu");
  });

  document.getElementById("menu-newwindowimg").addEventListener("click", function () {
    window.open(domImgSrc);
    rm.hideRightMenu();
  });

  document.getElementById("menu-copyimg").addEventListener("click", function () {
    rm.writeClipImg(domImgSrc);
  });

  document.getElementById("menu-searchBaidu").addEventListener("click", rm.searchBaidu);

  //音乐
  document.getElementById("menu-music-toggle").addEventListener("click", anzhiyu.musicToggle);

  document.getElementById("menu-music-back").addEventListener("click", anzhiyu.musicSkipBack);

  document.getElementById("menu-music-forward").addEventListener("click", anzhiyu.musicSkipForward);

  document.getElementById("menu-music-copyMusicName").addEventListener("click", function () {
    rm.rightmenuCopyText(anzhiyu.musicGetName());
    anzhiyu.snackbarShow("复制歌曲名称成功", false, 3000);
  });

}

addRightMenuClickEvent();</script><script data-pjax>var themeColorMeta = document.querySelector('meta[name="theme-color"]');
var pageHeaderEl = document.getElementById("page-header");
var navMusicEl = document.getElementById("nav-music");
var consoleEl = document.getElementById("console");
// 已随机的歌曲
var selectRandomSong = [];
// 音乐默认声音大小
var musicVolume = 0.8;
// 是否切换了周杰伦音乐列表
var changeMusicListFlag = false;
// 当前默认播放列表
var defaultPlayMusicList = [];

document.getElementById("page-name").innerText = document.title.split(" | 安知鱼")[0];
anzhiyu.initIndexEssay();
anzhiyu.changeTimeInEssay();
anzhiyu.removeBodyPaceClass();
anzhiyu.qrcodeCreate();
anzhiyu.changeTimeInAlbumDetail();
anzhiyu.reflashEssayWaterFall();
anzhiyu.sayhi();
anzhiyu.stopImgRightDrag();
anzhiyu.addNavBackgroundInit();
anzhiyu.setValueToBodyType();

anzhiyu.getCustomPlayList();
anzhiyu.addEventListenerConsoleMusicList(false);
setTimeout(() => {
  if (typeof addFriendLinksInFooter === "function") {
    addFriendLinksInFooter();
  }
}, 200)</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://npm.elemecdn.com/anzhiyu-theme-static@1.1.0/icon/ali_iconfont_css.css"><script async src="https://at.alicdn.com/t/c/font_4017979_c7bl777ukun.js?spm=a313x.7781069.1998910419.82&amp;file=font_4017979_c7bl777ukun.js"></script><script type='text/javascript' src="https://ajax.loli.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/nextapps-de/winbox/dist/winbox.bundle.min.js"></script><script src="/js/background-page.js?1"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://npm.elemecdn.com/anzhiyu-theme-static@1.0.0/aplayer/APlayer.min.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"><script src="https://npm.elemecdn.com/anzhiyu-blog-static@1.0.1/js/APlayer.min.js"></script><script src="https://npm.elemecdn.com/hexo-anzhiyu-music@1.0.1/assets/js/Meting2.min.js"></script><script src="https://lib.baomitu.com/pjax/0.2.8/pjax.min.js"></script><script>let pjaxSelectors = ["meta[property=\"og:image\"]","meta[property=\"og:title\"]","meta[property=\"og:url\"]","meta[property=\"og:type\"]","meta[property=\"og:site_name\"]","meta[property=\"og:description\"]","head > title","#config-diff","#body-wrap","#rightside-config-hide","#rightside-config-show",".js-pjax"]

var pjax = new Pjax({
  elements: 'a:not([target="_blank"]):not([href="web_bg"]):not([href="bg"])',
  selectors: pjaxSelectors,
  cacheBust: false,
  analytics: false,
  scrollRestoration: false
})

document.addEventListener('pjax:send', function () {
  // removeEventListener scroll 
  window.tocScrollFn && window.removeEventListener('scroll', window.tocScrollFn)
  window.scrollCollect && window.removeEventListener('scroll', scrollCollect)
  window.anzhiyuScrollFnToDo && window.removeEventListener('scroll', anzhiyuScrollFnToDo)

  document.getElementById('rightside').style.cssText = "opacity: ''; transform: ''"
  
  if (window.aplayers) {
    for (let i = 0; i < window.aplayers.length; i++) {
      if (!window.aplayers[i].options.fixed) {
        window.aplayers[i].destroy()
      }
    }
  }

  typeof typed === 'object' && typed.destroy()

  //reset readmode
  const $bodyClassList = document.body.classList
  $bodyClassList.contains('read-mode') && $bodyClassList.remove('read-mode')
})

document.addEventListener('pjax:complete', function () {
  window.refreshFn()

  document.querySelectorAll('script[data-pjax]').forEach(item => {
    const newScript = document.createElement('script')
    const content = item.text || item.textContent || item.innerHTML || ""
    Array.from(item.attributes).forEach(attr => newScript.setAttribute(attr.name, attr.value))
    newScript.appendChild(document.createTextNode(content))
    item.parentNode.replaceChild(newScript, item)
  })

  GLOBAL_CONFIG.islazyload && window.lazyLoadInstance.update()

  typeof chatBtnFn === 'function' && chatBtnFn()
  typeof panguInit === 'function' && panguInit()

  // google analytics
  typeof gtag === 'function' && gtag('config', '', {'page_path': window.location.pathname});

  // baidu analytics
  typeof _hmt === 'object' && _hmt.push(['_trackPageview',window.location.pathname]);

  typeof loadMeting === 'function' && document.getElementsByClassName('aplayer').length && loadMeting()

  // prismjs
  typeof Prism === 'object' && Prism.highlightAll()
})

document.addEventListener('pjax:error', (e) => {
  if (e.request.status === 404) {
    pjax.loadUrl('/404.html')
  }
})</script><script async data-pjax src="//busuanzi.ibruce.info/busuanzi/2.3/busuanzi.pure.mini.js"></script></div><!-- hexo injector body_end start --><script data-pjax>
  function butterfly_clock_anzhiyu_injector_config(){
    var parent_div_git = document.getElementsByClassName('sticky_layout')[0];
    var item_html = '<div class="card-widget card-clock"><div class="card-glass"><div class="card-background"><div class="card-content"><div id="hexo_electric_clock"><img class="entered loading" id="card-clock-loading" src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.cbd.int/hexo-butterfly-clock-anzhiyu/lib/loading.gif" style="height: 120px; width: 100%;" data-ll-status="loading"/></div></div></div></div></div>';
    console.log('已挂载butterfly_clock_anzhiyu')
    if(parent_div_git) {
      parent_div_git.insertAdjacentHTML("afterbegin",item_html)
    }
  }
  var elist = 'null'.split(',');
  var cpage = location.pathname;
  var epage = 'all';
  var qweather_key = 'b16a1fa0e63c46a4b8f28abfb06ae3fe';
  var gaud_map_key = 'e2b04289e870b005374ee030148d64fd&s=rsv3';
  var baidu_ak_key = 'undefined';
  var flag = 0;
  var clock_rectangle = '116.4074,39.9042';
  var clock_default_rectangle_enable = 'false';

  for (var i=0;i<elist.length;i++){
    if (cpage.includes(elist[i])){
      flag++;
    }
  }

  if ((epage ==='all')&&(flag == 0)){
    butterfly_clock_anzhiyu_injector_config();
  }
  else if (epage === cpage){
    butterfly_clock_anzhiyu_injector_config();
  }
  </script><script src="https://widget.qweather.net/simple/static/js/he-simple-common.js?v=2.0"></script><script data-pjax src="https://cdn.cbd.int/hexo-butterfly-clock-anzhiyu/lib/clock.min.js"></script><!-- hexo injector body_end end --></body></html>