phpunit: Update yoast/phpunit-polyfills to v3, bringing PHPUnit 11 for PHP 8.2+ (#42517)

This adds PHPUnit 11 configurations for all PHPUnit-using projects, and
regularizes the PHPUnit 9 configurations as well.

It also drops `johnkary/phpunit-speedtrap` from `plugins/jetpack`, since
that doesn't support PHPUnit >9. If we decide we still want a slow-test
thing, `ergebnis/phpunit-slow-test-detector` looks like a popular
candidate.

Committed via a GitHub action: https://github.com/Automattic/jetpack/actions/runs/13956024003

Upstream-Ref: Automattic/jetpack@434125e

Author: anomiex

composer.json

@@ -5,27 +5,27 @@
 	"license": "GPL-2.0-or-later",
 	"require": {
 		"php": ">=8.1",
-		"automattic/jetpack-assets": "^4.0.13",
-		"automattic/jetpack-blocks": "^3.0.7",
+		"automattic/jetpack-assets": "^4.0.14-alpha",
+		"automattic/jetpack-blocks": "^3.0.8-alpha",
 		"automattic/jetpack-calypsoify": "^0.2.2-alpha",
-		"automattic/jetpack-classic-theme-helper": "^0.11.4",
-		"automattic/jetpack-connection": "^6.7.6",
+		"automattic/jetpack-classic-theme-helper": "^0.11.5-alpha",
+		"automattic/jetpack-connection": "^6.7.7-alpha",
 		"automattic/jetpack-masterbar": "^0.14.2-alpha",
-		"automattic/jetpack-redirect": "^3.0.4",
-		"automattic/jetpack-stats-admin": "^0.24.5",
-		"automattic/jetpack-status": "^5.0.9",
+		"automattic/jetpack-redirect": "^3.0.5-alpha",
+		"automattic/jetpack-stats-admin": "^0.24.6-alpha",
+		"automattic/jetpack-status": "^5.0.10-alpha",
 		"automattic/scheduled-updates": "^0.14.1-alpha",
 		"automattic/jetpack-compat": "^4.0.1",
 		"automattic/jetpack-google-analytics": "^0.3.1-alpha",
 		"scssphp/scssphp": "1.12.0",
 		"automattic/jetpack-subscribers-dashboard": "^0.1.2-alpha"
 	},
 	"require-dev": {
-		"yoast/phpunit-polyfills": "^1.1.1",
-		"automattic/jetpack-changelogger": "^6.0.1",
+		"yoast/phpunit-polyfills": "^3.0.0",
+		"automattic/jetpack-changelogger": "^6.0.2-alpha",
 		"automattic/jetpack-test-environment": "@dev",
 		"brain/monkey": "^2.6.2",
-		"automattic/phpunit-select-config": "^1.0.0"
+		"automattic/phpunit-select-config": "^1.0.1-alpha"
 	},
 	"suggest": {
 		"automattic/jetpack-autoloader": "Allow for better interoperability with other plugins that use this package."