Migrate payment method components to TypeScript and further refactor

[timur27]

Description

When migrating Affirm & Afterpay/Clearpay payment components to TypeScript in #7388, it was noticed that there are a few more areas for improvement. This issue addresses the migration of other components to TypeScript, reusing as many shared components and types as possible.

Acceptance criteria

• All the payment method components under client/payment-details/payment-method* are migrated to TS
• paymentMethodPlaceholders are be re-used (and extended, if needed) between all payment method components
• It's verified whether checking charge object for payment_method_details is the proper way. If not, this area is improved. See TypeScript migration: Affirm and Afterpay payment details components #8964 (comment) for more details.
• formatPaymentMethodDetails is shared between components where applicable and possible
• Payment method details type is re-used/extended
• Payment method details are correctly displayed under transaction details screen after all the improvements

Additional context

See the comments in #8964 to gather more information about the changes which were discussed.