prov-ro-directmappings.ttl

@prefix rdf:    <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs:   <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix owl:    <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix swrl:   <http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#> .
@prefix prov:   <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix obo:    <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix dc:     <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
@prefix sssom:  <https://w3id.org/sssom/> .
@base <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BFO-Mappings/PROV-to-BFO/main/prov-ro-directmappings.ttl> .

<https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BFO-Mappings/PROV-to-BFO/main/prov-ro-directmappings.ttl>
  a                     owl:Ontology;
  rdfs:label            "Relation Ontology (RO) mappings for W3C PROVenance Interchange Ontology (PROV-O)"@en ;
  owl:versionIRI        <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BFO-Mappings/PROV-to-BFO/refs/tags/v2025-01-19/prov-ro-directmappings.ttl> ;
  dc:contributor        "Tim Prudhomme", "Giacomo De Colle" , "Austin Liebers" , "Alec Sculley" , "Peihong Karl Xie", "Sydney Cohen", "John Beverley" ;
  dc:license            <https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/> ;
  prov:wasDerivedFrom   <https://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o-20130430> ,
                        <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/release-2024-01-29/src/owl/bfo-core.ttl> ,
                        <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/oborel/obo-relations/refs/tags/v2024-04-24/ro.owl> ;
  rdfs:comment          "This mapping depends on the imported PROV-O to BFO mapping." ;
  owl:imports           <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BFO-Mappings/PROV-to-BFO/refs/tags/v2025-01-19/prov-bfo-directmappings.ttl> ;
  rdfs:seeAlso          <https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/>,
                        <https://basic-formal-ontology.org/> ,
                        <https://obofoundry.org/ontology/ro.html> ,
                        <https://github.com/BFO-Mappings/PROV-to-BFO> ;
.

# PROV class mappings and property restrictions
prov:Agent rdf:type owl:Class .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:Agent ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; 
    owl:annotatedTarget   [ owl:intersectionOf ( obo:BFO_0000040 # material entity
                                                  [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                    owl:onProperty obo:BFO_0000056 ; # participates in at some time
                                                    owl:someValuesFrom prov:Activity
                                                  ]
                                                  [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                    owl:onProperty obo:RO_0000087 ;
                                                    owl:someValuesFrom [ owl:intersectionOf ( obo:BFO_0000023 # role
                                                                                              [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                                                                owl:onProperty obo:BFO_0000054 ; # realized in / has realization
                                                                                                owl:someValuesFrom prov:Activity
                                                                                              ]
                                                                                            ) ;
                                                                        rdf:type owl:Class
                                                                      ]
                                                  ]
                                                ) ;
                            rdf:type owl:Class
                          ] ;
    sssom:object_label    "material entity that participates in some Activity at some time and has a role realized in that Activity" ;
    rdfs:comment "A prov:Agent is a material entity because always has some matter as a part that persists in time. A prov:Agent participates in (at some time) some prov:Activity and has a role, that, if realized, is realized in a prov:Activity taking place. This axiomatizes the definition of agent as 'something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity'. According to Requirement VI13 in 'Rationale of Prov', this could be a prov:Entity. A prov:SoftwareAgent is a material entity because it is defined as 'running software', meaning a particular, material carrier of software, as opposed to, for example, its source code. A prov:SoftwareAgent is a particular instance of sofware running on a particular computer."@en .



# PROV object property mappings
prov:influenced rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0002410 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:influenced ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0002410 ;
    sssom:object_label    "casually related to" ;
    rdfs:comment "An entity may influence another entity and this is a causal relation."@en .


# prov:activity ~> causal relation between processes, prov:entity ~> cco:has_input, prov:agent ~> cco:has_agent
prov:influencer rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0002410 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:influencer ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0002410 ;
    sssom:object_label    "casually related to" ;
    rdfs:comment "An Agent, Activity, or Entity exerts an Influence and this is a causal relation."@en .


prov:activity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0002501 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:activity ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0002501 ;
    sssom:object_label    "causal relation between processes" ;
    rdfs:comment  "An Activity is causally related to its ActivityInfluence, where these are both occurrents. Although an ActivityInfluence may be a process boundary, the domain and range of 'causal relation between processes' is occurrent."@en .


prov:wasAttributedTo rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0002559 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:wasAttributedTo ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0002559 ;
    sssom:object_label    "causally influenced by" ;
    rdfs:comment "An entity may be attributed to an agent, and this is a causal influence by the agent"@en .


prov:alternateOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0002559 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:alternateOf ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0002559 ;
    sssom:object_label    "causally influenced by" ;
    rdfs:comment "An entity may be an alternate of an entity, and this is a causal relation."@en .


prov:wasDerivedFrom rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0002559 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:wasDerivedFrom ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0002559 ;
    sssom:object_label    "causally influenced by" ;
    rdfs:comment "An entity may be derived from an entity, being causally influenced by it."@en .


prov:wasStartedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0000057 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:wasStartedBy ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0000057 ;
    sssom:object_label    "has participant" ;
    rdfs:comment "A process has a (non spatial region) continuant as a participant. An activity is a process that may be started by a prov:Entity as a participant."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "This mapping overlaps the same mapping to BFO's 'has participant at some time' but is included for increased interoperability." .


prov:wasEndedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0000057 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:wasEndedBy ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0000057 ;
    sssom:object_label    "has participant" ;
    rdfs:comment "A process has a (non spatial region) continuant as a participant. An activity is a process that may be ended by a prov:Entity as a participant."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "This mapping overlaps the same mapping to BFO's 'has participant at some time' but is included for increased interoperability." .


prov:wasAssociatedWith rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0000057 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:wasAssociatedWith ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0000057 ;
    sssom:object_label    "has participant" ;
    rdfs:comment "A process has a (non spatial region) continuant as a participant. An activity is a process that may be associated with a prov:Entity as a participant."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "This mapping overlaps the same mapping to BFO's 'has participant at some time' but is included for increased interoperability." .


prov:invalidated rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0000057 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:invalidated ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0000057 ;
    sssom:object_label    "has participant" ;
    rdfs:comment "A process has a (non spatial region) continuant as a participant. An activity is a process that may be invalidated by a prov:Entity as a participant."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "This mapping overlaps the same mapping to BFO's 'has participant at some time' but is included for increased interoperability." .


prov:used rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0000057 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:used ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0000057 ;
    sssom:object_label    "has participant" ;
    rdfs:comment "A process has a (non spatial region) continuant as a participant. An activity is a process that may use a prov:Entity as a participant."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "This mapping overlaps the same mapping to BFO's 'has participant at some time' but is included for increased interoperability." .


prov:generated rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0000057 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:generated ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0000057 ;
    sssom:object_label    "has participant" ;
    rdfs:comment "An activity is a process that may be generated by a prov:Entity as a participant."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "This mapping overlaps the same mapping to BFO's 'has participant at some time' but is included for increased interoperability." .


# TODO test, reasoning over RO is slow
prov:wasInfluencedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0002410 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:wasInfluencedBy ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0002410 ;
    sssom:object_label    "casually related to" ;
    rdfs:comment "An Agent, Activity, or Entity that was influenced by an Influence was causally related to that Influence."@en .


prov:wasInvalidatedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0000056 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:wasInvalidatedBy ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0000056 ;
    sssom:object_label    "participates in" ;
    rdfs:comment "An entity (non-spatial region continuant) may participate in its invalidation by an activity (process)"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "This mapping overlaps the same mapping to BFO's 'participates in at some time' but is included for increased interoperability." .


prov:wasGeneratedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0000056 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:wasGeneratedBy ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0000056 ;
    sssom:object_label    "participates in" ;
    rdfs:comment "An entity (non-spatial region continuant) may participate in its generation by an activity (process)"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "This mapping overlaps the same mapping to BFO's 'participates in at some time' but is included for increased interoperability." .


prov:wasInformedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0002501 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:wasInformedBy ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0002501 ;
    sssom:object_label    "causal relation between processes" ;
    rdfs:comment "An activity may inform an activity. Both are processes and this is a causal relation."@en .


prov:hadGeneration rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0002501 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:hadGeneration ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0002501 ;
    sssom:object_label    "causal relation between processes" ;
    rdfs:comment "An activity may generate another activity. Both are processes and this is a causal relation."@en .


prov:hadUsage rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0002501 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:hadUsage ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0002501 ;
    sssom:object_label    "causal relation between processes" ;
    rdfs:comment "A derivation may use a usage. Both are processes and this is a causal relation."@en .


prov:hadActivity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0002501 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:hadActivity ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0002501 ;
    sssom:object_label    "causal relation between processes" ;
    rdfs:comment "An influence that's related to an activity in this context is causally related to it, where both are processes."@en .


prov:qualifiedInfluence rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0002410 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:qualifiedInfluence ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0002410 ;
    sssom:object_label    "casually related to" ;
    rdfs:comment "An Agent, Activity, or Entity may be causally related to an Influence."@en .


prov:qualifiedAssociation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0002501 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:qualifiedAssociation ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0002501 ;
    sssom:object_label    "causal relation between processes" ;
    rdfs:comment "An activity may be associated with an activity. Both are processes and this is a causal relation."@en .


prov:qualifiedCommunication rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0002501 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:qualifiedCommunication ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0002501 ;
    sssom:object_label    "causal relation between processes" ;
    rdfs:comment "An activity may communicate another activity. Both are processes and this is a causal relation. For example: A wasInfomedBy B = A and B are both prov:activities, and A was causally related to B such that A utilizes a provenance_entity that wasGeneratedBy B"@en .


prov:qualifiedStart rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0002501 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:qualifiedStart ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0002501 ;
    sssom:object_label    "causal relation between processes" ;
    rdfs:comment "An activity may start an activity. Both are processes and this is a causal relation."@en .


prov:hadMember rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . obo:RO_0002351 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
[]  rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
    owl:annotatedSource   prov:hadMember ;
    owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subPropertyOf ;
    owl:annotatedTarget   obo:RO_0002351 ;
    sssom:object_label    "has member" ;
    rdfs:comment "A relation of prov:hadMember between a prov:Collection and prov:Entity is also a relation of RO 'had member', but not vice versa. Whereas prov:hadMember is a subproperty of prov:wasInfluencedBy, RO 'had member' is not."@en .