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Blockchain and Web3 Development Standards

This document outlines the standards and best practices for blockchain and Web3 development projects at Bayat.

Technology Selection

Smart Contract Platforms

  • Ethereum: Primary platform for DeFi and NFT projects
  • Solana: For high-throughput applications requiring low transaction fees
  • Polygon: For Ethereum-compatible projects requiring lower gas fees
  • Other EVM-compatible chains: Based on specific project requirements

Smart Contract Languages

  • Solidity: Primary language for Ethereum and EVM-compatible chains
  • Rust: For Solana development
  • Move: For specific use cases on supported chains

Development Practices

Smart Contract Security

  1. Audit Requirements:

    • All production contracts must undergo at least one professional audit
    • Internal security review before external audit
    • Automated analysis using tools like Slither, Mythril, or Echidna

  2. Secure Patterns:

    • Use the Checks-Effects-Interactions pattern to prevent reentrancy
    • Implement access control using OpenZeppelin's AccessControl or similar
    • Never use tx.origin for authentication
    • Always check function return values

  3. Gas Optimization:

    • Pack variables to minimize storage slots
    • Use memory instead of storage where appropriate
    • Optimize loops to reduce gas costs
    • Consider batch operations for multiple state changes

Testing

  1. Coverage Requirements:

    • Minimum 95% code coverage for all smart contracts
    • Include unit, integration, and scenario-based tests
    • Test edge cases and potential attack vectors

  2. Testing Environment:

    • Use Hardhat/Foundry for Ethereum development
    • Use Anchor for Solana development
    • Implement mainnet forking tests for DeFi interactions

Frontend Integration

  1. Wallet Connections:

    • Support multiple wallets (MetaMask, WalletConnect, etc.)
    • Implement proper error handling for failed transactions
    • Provide clear transaction status feedback

  2. Transaction Management:

    • Implement proper nonce management
    • Handle gas estimation and potential gas price fluctuations
    • Provide transaction acceleration options

Architecture Patterns

On-chain vs. Off-chain

  • Clear separation of concerns between on-chain and off-chain components
  • Minimize on-chain storage and computation to reduce costs
  • Document hybrid architecture decisions and trade-offs

Upgradeability

  • Default to immutable contracts when possible
  • For upgradeable contracts, use the proxy pattern (EIP-1967 or similar)
  • Document upgrade procedures and governance processes

Interoperability

  • Follow standards (ERC-20, ERC-721, etc.) for maximum compatibility
  • Document cross-chain interaction patterns when applicable
  • Standardize interface implementations

Documentation

Contract Documentation

  • NatSpec comments for all public and external functions and state variables
  • Architecture diagrams showing contract interactions
  • Clear description of state machine transitions when applicable

User Documentation

  • Clear explanations of transactions and their implications
  • Gas cost estimates for common operations
  • Security considerations for end-users

Deployment

Deployment Process

  • Multi-signature requirement for production deployments
  • Deployment verification and post-deployment testing
  • Contract verification on block explorers

Environment Strategy

  • Development: Local blockchain or testnet
  • Staging: Public testnet (Goerli, Mumbai, etc.)
  • Production: Mainnet

Maintenance

Monitoring

  • Event monitoring for critical contract events
  • Price monitoring for oracles and assets
  • Gas price monitoring for transaction optimization

Incident Response

  • Documented incident response procedures
  • Circuit breaker patterns for emergency situations
  • Communication templates for security incidents

Governance

Decentralized Governance

  • Guidelines for DAO implementation when applicable
  • Voting mechanism standards
  • Proposal and execution flows

Compliance

Regulatory Considerations

  • Region-specific compliance requirements
  • KYC/AML integration standards when required
  • Data privacy considerations

References