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Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment Standards

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. CI/CD Principles
  3. Pipeline Structure
  4. Version Control Integration
  5. Build Process
  6. Testing Strategy
  7. Code Quality Checks
  8. Security Scanning
  9. Artifact Management
  10. Deployment Strategies
  11. Environment Management
  12. Configuration Management
  13. Monitoring and Feedback
  14. Documentation
  15. Pipeline as Code
  16. Disaster Recovery
  17. Compliance and Auditing
  18. Team Practices

Introduction

This document outlines the standard conventions and best practices for Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Deployment (CD) at Bayat. These guidelines aim to ensure consistent, reliable, and efficient build, test, and deployment processes across all projects.

CI/CD Principles

Core Principles

  • Automate everything that can be automated
  • Build once, deploy many times
  • Test early and often
  • Fail fast and fix immediately
  • Keep the main branch always deployable
  • Treat infrastructure as code
  • Make the process visible to everyone
  • Continuously improve the pipeline

CI/CD Benefits

  • Faster feedback on changes
  • Reduced integration problems
  • Improved code quality
  • Increased deployment frequency
  • Reduced time to market
  • More reliable releases
  • Better collaboration between teams
  • Improved developer productivity

Pipeline Structure

Standard Pipeline Stages

  1. Trigger: Event that initiates the pipeline
  2. Build: Compile code and create artifacts
  3. Test: Run automated tests
  4. Analysis: Perform code quality and security checks
  5. Artifact Storage: Store build artifacts
  6. Deployment: Deploy to target environments
  7. Verification: Verify deployment success
  8. Notification: Notify stakeholders of results

Pipeline Visualization

┌─────────┐    ┌─────────┐    ┌─────────┐    ┌─────────┐    ┌─────────┐
│ Trigger │───>│  Build  │───>│  Test   │───>│ Analysis│───>│ Artifact│
└─────────┘    └─────────┘    └─────────┘    └─────────┘    │ Storage │
                                                            └────┬────┘
                                                                 │
┌─────────┐    ┌─────────┐    ┌─────────┐                  ┌────▼────┐
│Notifica-│<───│Verifica-│<───│ Deploy  │<─────────────────│ Approval│
│  tion   │    │  tion   │    │         │                  │(optional)│
└─────────┘    └─────────┘    └─────────┘                  └─────────┘

Pipeline Types

  • CI Pipeline: Build, test, and analyze code changes
  • CD Pipeline: Deploy to staging and production environments
  • Feature Pipeline: Build and test feature branches
  • Release Pipeline: Prepare and deploy releases
  • Hotfix Pipeline: Expedited pipeline for critical fixes

Version Control Integration

Branch Strategy

  • Follow the \1\2)
  • Implement branch protection rules
  • Require code reviews before merging
  • Enforce status checks to pass before merging
  • Automatically build and test pull requests

Commit Triggers

  • Trigger CI on commits to main/master branch
  • Trigger CI on pull request creation and updates
  • Trigger CI on tag creation for releases
  • Consider scheduled builds for long-term stability
  • Implement skip directives for minor changes
# Example GitHub Actions trigger configuration
on:
  push:
    branches: [ main, develop ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ main, develop ]
  schedule:
    - cron: '0 2 * * 1'  # Run at 2 AM every Monday

Build Process

Build Environment

  • Use consistent, reproducible build environments
  • Containerize build environments when possible
  • Document all build dependencies
  • Pin dependency versions for stability
  • Implement proper caching for faster builds

Build Steps

  • Clean the workspace before building
  • Restore dependencies
  • Compile code
  • Create deployable artifacts
  • Version artifacts consistently
  • Archive build outputs
  • Document build parameters
# Example build steps in GitHub Actions
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Set up Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: '16'
          cache: 'npm'
      
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci
      
      - name: Build
        run: npm run build
      
      - name: Archive artifacts
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: build-artifacts
          path: dist/

Build Performance

  • Optimize build scripts for speed
  • Implement parallel builds when possible
  • Use incremental builds when appropriate
  • Cache dependencies and intermediate outputs
  • Monitor and optimize build times

Testing Strategy

Test Types

  1. Unit Tests: Test individual components
  2. Integration Tests: Test component interactions
  3. Functional Tests: Test complete features
  4. End-to-End Tests: Test entire application flows
  5. Performance Tests: Test system performance
  6. Security Tests: Test for vulnerabilities

Test Execution

  • Run fast tests early in the pipeline
  • Run slower tests later in the pipeline
  • Parallelize tests when possible
  • Implement proper test timeouts
  • Retry flaky tests with backoff strategy
# Example test execution in GitHub Actions
jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Set up Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: '16'
          cache: 'npm'
      
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci
      
      - name: Run unit tests
        run: npm run test:unit
      
      - name: Run integration tests
        run: npm run test:integration
      
      - name: Upload test results
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: test-results
          path: test-results/

Test Reporting

  • Generate detailed test reports
  • Track test coverage over time
  • Visualize test results
  • Notify on test failures
  • Implement test result history

Code Quality Checks

Static Analysis

  • Implement linting for code style
  • Use static code analyzers
  • Check for code smells and anti-patterns
  • Enforce coding standards
  • Integrate with code quality platforms
# Example code quality checks in GitHub Actions
jobs:
  quality:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Set up Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: '16'
          cache: 'npm'
      
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci
      
      - name: Lint code
        run: npm run lint
      
      - name: Check code formatting
        run: npm run format:check
      
      - name: Run SonarQube analysis
        uses: SonarSource/sonarcloud-github-action@master
        env:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          SONAR_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SONAR_TOKEN }}

Code Coverage

  • Set minimum code coverage thresholds
  • Generate code coverage reports
  • Visualize coverage trends
  • Enforce coverage requirements
  • Identify uncovered code areas

Quality Gates

  • Define clear quality gates
  • Enforce quality gates in the pipeline
  • Block progression on quality gate failures
  • Document quality requirements
  • Review and adjust quality gates regularly

Security Scanning

Vulnerability Scanning

  • Scan dependencies for vulnerabilities
  • Implement SAST (Static Application Security Testing)
  • Implement DAST (Dynamic Application Security Testing)
  • Scan container images
  • Check for secrets in code
# Example security scanning in GitHub Actions
jobs:
  security:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Run dependency vulnerability scan
        uses: snyk/actions/node@master
        with:
          args: --severity-threshold=high
        env:
          SNYK_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SNYK_TOKEN }}
      
      - name: Run SAST scan
        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
      
      - name: Check for secrets
        uses: zricethezav/gitleaks-action@master

Compliance Checks

  • Implement license compliance checks
  • Check for regulatory compliance
  • Enforce security policies
  • Document compliance requirements
  • Generate compliance reports

Security Gates

  • Define security requirements
  • Block deployments on critical vulnerabilities
  • Implement security review process
  • Document security exceptions
  • Track security metrics

Integration with Security Testing

Integrate various security testing methods:

  • SAST: Analyze code for vulnerabilities during development and build
  • DAST: Test running applications in staging environments
  • SCA: Check dependencies for known vulnerabilities
  • Container Scanning: Scan container images before deployment
  • IaC Scanning: Scan infrastructure code for misconfigurations

Refer to DevSecOps Practices for more details.

Artifact Management

Artifact Storage

  • Use a centralized artifact repository
  • Implement proper versioning
  • Set retention policies
  • Secure access to artifacts
  • Document artifact locations

Artifact Metadata

  • Include build information
  • Add version information
  • Include commit information
  • Add timestamp information
  • Document dependencies
# Example artifact metadata
{
  "name": "my-application",
  "version": "1.2.3",
  "buildNumber": "456",
  "commit": "a1b2c3d4e5f6",
  "branch": "main",
  "timestamp": "2023-03-15T14:30:00Z",
  "dependencies": {
    "library1": "2.0.0",
    "library2": "3.1.0"
  }
}

Artifact Promotion

  • Implement promotion between environments
  • Use the same artifact across environments
  • Verify artifact integrity
  • Track artifact deployment history
  • Document promotion process

Deployment Strategies

Deployment Types

  1. Basic Deployment: Simple replacement of the previous version
  2. Blue-Green Deployment: Maintain two identical environments
  3. Canary Deployment: Gradually roll out to a subset of users
  4. Rolling Deployment: Update instances in groups
  5. Feature Flags: Control feature availability without deployment

Deployment Process

  • Implement pre-deployment checks
  • Use deployment automation tools
  • Implement post-deployment verification
  • Include rollback procedures
  • Document deployment steps
# Example deployment in GitHub Actions
jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs: [build, test, quality, security]
    environment: production
    steps:
      - name: Download artifacts
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: build-artifacts
          path: dist/
      
      - name: Configure AWS credentials
        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v1
        with:
          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
          aws-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
          aws-region: us-east-1
      
      - name: Deploy to S3
        run: aws s3 sync dist/ s3://my-bucket/
      
      - name: Invalidate CloudFront cache
        run: aws cloudfront create-invalidation --distribution-id ${{ secrets.CF_DISTRIBUTION_ID }} --paths "/*"
      
      - name: Verify deployment
        run: curl -s https://my-app.example.com/health | grep -q "OK"

Rollback Strategy

  • Implement automated rollback on failure
  • Test rollback procedures
  • Document rollback process
  • Track rollback events
  • Analyze rollback causes

Environment Management

Environment Types

  1. Development: For development and initial testing
  2. Testing/QA: For comprehensive testing
  3. Staging: Production-like environment for final verification
  4. Production: Live environment for end users
  5. Sandbox: Isolated environment for experimentation

Environment Configuration

  • Use environment-specific configurations
  • Implement proper secrets management
  • Document environment differences
  • Use infrastructure as code
  • Implement environment parity
# Example environment configuration in GitHub Actions
jobs:
  deploy:
    name: Deploy to ${{ matrix.environment }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      matrix:
        environment: [development, staging, production]
    environment: ${{ matrix.environment }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Configure environment
        run: |
          echo "API_URL=${{ secrets[format('API_URL_{0}', matrix.environment)] }}" >> .env
          echo "FEATURE_FLAGS=${{ secrets[format('FEATURE_FLAGS_{0}', matrix.environment)] }}" >> .env
      
      # Deployment steps

Environment Promotion

  • Implement clear promotion paths
  • Require approvals for production deployments
  • Document promotion requirements
  • Track environment status
  • Implement environment locks

Configuration Management

Configuration Sources

  • Use environment variables for configuration
  • Implement secrets management
  • Use configuration files
  • Consider feature flags
  • Document configuration options

Secrets Management

  • Use a secure secrets management solution
  • Rotate secrets regularly
  • Limit access to secrets
  • Never store secrets in code
  • Audit secrets usage
# Example secrets management in GitHub Actions
jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Configure application
        env:
          DATABASE_URL: ${{ secrets.DATABASE_URL }}
          API_KEY: ${{ secrets.API_KEY }}
        run: |
          echo "DATABASE_URL=$DATABASE_URL" >> .env
          echo "API_KEY=$API_KEY" >> .env

Configuration Validation

  • Validate configurations before deployment
  • Implement configuration schema
  • Check for required configurations
  • Validate environment-specific configurations
  • Document configuration requirements

Monitoring and Feedback

Pipeline Monitoring

  • Monitor pipeline execution times
  • Track success and failure rates
  • Implement pipeline analytics
  • Set up alerts for pipeline failures
  • Visualize pipeline metrics

Deployment Monitoring

  • Monitor deployment success rates
  • Track deployment frequency
  • Measure lead time for changes
  • Measure mean time to recovery
  • Implement deployment analytics
# Example deployment notification in GitHub Actions
jobs:
  notify:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs: deploy
    if: always()
    steps:
      - name: Notify Slack on success
        if: ${{ needs.deploy.result == 'success' }}
        uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v1
        with:
          payload: |
            {
              "text": "✅ Deployment to production succeeded!"
            }
        env:
          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL }}
      
      - name: Notify Slack on failure
        if: ${{ needs.deploy.result == 'failure' }}
        uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v1
        with:
          payload: |
            {
              "text": "❌ Deployment to production failed!"
            }
        env:
          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL }}

Feedback Loops

  • Provide immediate feedback to developers
  • Implement deployment notifications
  • Create detailed error reports
  • Track and analyze failures
  • Continuously improve based on feedback

Documentation

Pipeline Documentation

  • Document pipeline structure
  • Document pipeline stages
  • Document environment configurations
  • Create runbooks for common issues
  • Keep documentation up-to-date

Deployment Documentation

  • Document deployment process
  • Create deployment checklists
  • Document rollback procedures
  • Document environment-specific details
  • Create troubleshooting guides

Onboarding Documentation

  • Create onboarding guides for new team members
  • Document setup procedures
  • Provide examples and tutorials
  • Document common workflows
  • Keep documentation accessible

Pipeline as Code

Pipeline Definition

  • Define pipelines as code
  • Store pipeline definitions in version control
  • Review pipeline changes
  • Test pipeline changes
  • Document pipeline configuration
# Example GitHub Actions workflow file
name: CI/CD Pipeline

on:
  push:
    branches: [ main ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ main ]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Set up Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: '16'
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci
      - name: Build
        run: npm run build
      - name: Test
        run: npm test
  
  deploy:
    needs: build
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    environment: production
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Deploy
        run: ./deploy.sh
        env:
          DEPLOY_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.DEPLOY_TOKEN }}

Infrastructure as Code

  • Define infrastructure as code
  • Use infrastructure provisioning tools
  • Version infrastructure definitions
  • Test infrastructure changes
  • Document infrastructure requirements

Configuration as Code

  • Define configurations as code
  • Version configuration definitions
  • Implement configuration validation
  • Test configuration changes
  • Document configuration options

Disaster Recovery

Backup Procedures

  • Implement regular backups
  • Test backup restoration
  • Document backup procedures
  • Store backups securely
  • Implement backup monitoring

Recovery Procedures

  • Document recovery procedures
  • Test recovery procedures regularly
  • Implement automated recovery when possible
  • Define recovery time objectives
  • Train team members on recovery procedures

Incident Management

  • Define incident response process
  • Document incident severity levels
  • Implement incident tracking
  • Conduct post-incident reviews
  • Continuously improve incident response

Compliance and Auditing

Audit Trails

  • Maintain comprehensive audit logs
  • Track all pipeline executions
  • Log all deployments
  • Document configuration changes
  • Implement access logging

Compliance Requirements

  • Document compliance requirements
  • Implement compliance checks
  • Generate compliance reports
  • Conduct regular compliance reviews
  • Train team members on compliance requirements

Access Control

  • Implement proper access controls
  • Use the principle of least privilege
  • Regularly review access permissions
  • Implement multi-factor authentication
  • Audit access control changes

Team Practices

Collaboration

  • Foster collaboration between development and operations
  • Implement shared responsibility
  • Conduct regular retrospectives
  • Share knowledge and best practices
  • Document team workflows

Continuous Improvement

  • Regularly review CI/CD processes
  • Measure and track key metrics
  • Implement feedback loops
  • Experiment with new approaches
  • Document improvements and lessons learned

Training and Onboarding

  • Provide CI/CD training for team members
  • Create onboarding materials
  • Document common workflows
  • Share knowledge and best practices
  • Continuously update training materials

Test Failure Handling

  • Implement automated rollback on test failures
  • Document rollback procedures
  • Track rollback events
  • Analyze rollback causes
  • Continuously improve test failure handling

Version History

Version Date Description
1.0 2025-03-20 Initial version