This document outlines standards and best practices for managing digital certificates, implementing compliance requirements, and ensuring regulatory adherence across Bayat projects. Proper certificate and compliance management is essential for maintaining security, establishing trust, and meeting legal and industry requirements.
- Domain Validation (DV): Basic encryption, verifies domain ownership
- Organization Validation (OV): Enhanced validation, verifies organization identity
- Extended Validation (EV): Highest level of validation, shows organization name in browser
- Wildcard Certificates: Covers multiple subdomains
- Multi-Domain (SAN) Certificates: Covers multiple domains
- Single-Domain Certificates: Covers a single domain
- Standard Code Signing: Authenticates software publisher identity
- Extended Validation (EV) Code Signing: Highest level of validation for software publishers
- Driver Signing Certificates: Specific for device driver authentication
- Mobile Application Certificates: For signing mobile applications
- User Authentication Certificates: For individual user authentication
- Device Certificates: For authenticating devices on networks
- Email Signing/Encryption Certificates: For secure email communications
- VPN Authentication Certificates: For secure VPN connections
- Standard process for requesting new certificates
- Approval workflows and authorization requirements
- Vendor/CA selection criteria
- Documentation requirements for different certificate types
- Budget allocation and cost management
- Secure deployment procedures
- Private key protection measures
- Load balancer and proxy configuration
- Certificate installation verification
- Documentation of deployment details
- Certificate inventory maintenance
- Expiration monitoring and alerting
- Certificate usage auditing
- Health and validity checking
- Performance impact assessment
- Renewal planning timeline (minimum 30 days before expiration)
- Renewal process workflow
- Validation of renewed certificates
- Deployment of renewed certificates
- Retirement of expired certificates
- Criteria for certificate revocation
- Process for emergency revocation
- Communication plans for revocation
- Documentation of revocation events
- Impact assessment after revocation
- Private key generation standards
- Secure storage requirements
- Access control policies
- Key rotation schedules
- Backup and recovery procedures
- Trusted CA selection criteria
- Internal CA security requirements
- Root and intermediate certificate management
- CA compromise response plan
- CA authority verification
- Minimum key length requirements (RSA: 2048 bits, ECC: 256 bits)
- Approved cryptographic algorithms
- Deprecation schedule for weak algorithms
- Transition planning for algorithm changes
- Regular cryptographic adequacy review
- Certificate Transparency (CT) log submission
- Certificate Authority Authorization (CAA) records
- HTTP Public Key Pinning (HPKP) considerations
- DANE/TLSA record management
- External certificate monitoring services
- Compliance roles and responsibilities
- Compliance oversight committee
- Reporting structures and cadence
- Executive involvement and sponsorship
- Compliance training and awareness
- Risk identification methodology
- Compliance risk evaluation criteria
- Risk acceptance thresholds
- Risk mitigation planning
- Regular risk reassessment schedule
- Policy development process
- Standard review and approval workflow
- Policy exception management
- Policy communication strategy
- Policy effectiveness measurement
- Continuous compliance monitoring approach
- Regular compliance testing schedule
- Automated compliance checking tools
- Manual compliance verification procedures
- Compliance scorecard and metrics
- Compliance incident response process
- Breach notification procedures
- Exception request and approval workflow
- Remediation planning and tracking
- Post-incident analysis and improvements
- PCI DSS: Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard
- SOX: Sarbanes-Oxley Act
- GLBA: Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
- AML: Anti-Money Laundering regulations
- KYC: Know Your Customer requirements
- HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
- HITECH: Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act
- FDA CFR Part 11: Electronic Records regulations
- GDPR: General Data Protection Regulation (for EU patient data)
- National healthcare standards: Country-specific requirements
- FedRAMP: Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program
- FISMA: Federal Information Security Management Act
- CMMC: Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification
- ITAR: International Traffic in Arms Regulations
- Local government requirements: State/province/municipality-specific regulations
- GDPR: General Data Protection Regulation
- CCPA/CPRA: California Consumer Privacy Act/California Privacy Rights Act
- SOC 2: Service Organization Control 2
- ISO 27001: Information Security Management
- NIST Cybersecurity Framework: National Institute of Standards and Technology guidelines
- Policy documentation standards
- Procedure documentation requirements
- Evidence collection and preservation
- Compliance record retention periods
- Documentation accessibility and security
- Access control implementation
- Encryption requirements
- Network security controls
- System hardening standards
- Monitoring and logging requirements
- Training and awareness programs
- Background check requirements
- Vendor management processes
- Change management procedures
- Business continuity planning
- Physical access restrictions
- Environmental safeguards
- Media handling procedures
- Facility security measures
- Asset management practices
- Pre-audit readiness assessment
- Evidence preparation checklist
- Interview preparation guidelines
- Common audit question responses
- Post-audit remediation planning
- Certificate issuance automation
- Integration with certificate authorities
- DevOps pipeline certificate integration
- Infrastructure as Code certificate management
- Container/orchestration certificate handling
- Automated expiration notification
- Certificate health checking automation
- Certificate usage monitoring
- Certificate transparency monitoring
- Automated inventory maintenance
- Auto-renewal configuration
- Let's Encrypt implementation
- Certificate renewal verification
- Renewal failure alerting
- Renewal audit logging
- Real-time compliance state assessment
- Automated compliance testing
- Compliance drift detection
- Dashboard visualization
- Exception tracking automation
- Policy as code implementation
- Automated compliance verification
- Infrastructure compliance scanning
- Code repository compliance checks
- Deployment pipeline compliance gates
- Log aggregation and analysis
- Automated evidence gathering
- Evidence repository management
- Periodic evidence collection scheduling
- Evidence metadata tagging
- Certificate Lifecycle Management: DigiCert CertCentral, Venafi, Keyfactor
- SSL Monitoring: SSL Labs, Certificate Monitor, Qualys SSL Scanner
- Automation Tools: Let's Encrypt certbot, cert-manager for Kubernetes
- PKI Solutions: Microsoft Active Directory Certificate Services, HashiCorp Vault
- Open Source Tools: OpenSSL, cfssl, EJBCA
- Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC): MetricStream, LogicGate, RSA Archer
- Policy Management: PolicyTech, ComplianceBridge, PowerDMS
- Audit Management: AuditBoard, Workiva, TeamMate+
- Security Compliance: Wiz, Drata, Vanta, Secureframe
- Vulnerability Management: Tenable, Qualys, Rapid7
- Assessment: Document all systems requiring certificates
- Design: Develop certificate architecture and standards
- Implementation: Deploy certificates with proper configurations
- Monitoring: Establish monitoring and alerting systems
- Operations: Develop operational procedures and documentation
- Training: Train relevant staff on certificate management
- Review: Conduct regular program reviews and improvements
- Scoping: Determine applicable regulations and requirements
- Gap Analysis: Assess current state against compliance requirements
- Remediation Planning: Develop plan to address compliance gaps
- Implementation: Deploy required controls and processes
- Validation: Verify compliance through testing and assessment
- Certification/Attestation: Complete formal compliance processes
- Continuous Monitoring: Establish ongoing compliance monitoring
- Certificate management in multi-cloud environments
- Cloud provider-specific certificate services
- Cloud compliance shared responsibility models
- Cloud-specific compliance frameworks
- Certificate integration with cloud services
- Certificate integration in CI/CD pipelines
- Secrets management in DevOps workflows
- Compliance testing in automated deployments
- Infrastructure as Code certificate management
- DevSecOps compliance considerations
- Service mesh certificate management
- Container certificate lifecycle
- Kubernetes certificate handling
- Ephemeral environment certificate strategies
- Microservice-to-microservice authentication
- IoT device certificate provisioning
- Edge device certificate management
- Limited resource certificate considerations
- Disconnected operation certificate handling
- IoT-specific compliance requirements
# Certificate Request Form
## Basic Information
- **Requester Name**:
- **Request Date**:
- **Business Justification**:
- **Cost Center**:
## Certificate Details
- **Certificate Type**:
- **Domain Names**:
- **Organization Information**:
- **Validity Period**:
- **Key Size**:
- **Certificate Authority**:
- **CSR Generation Method**:
## Deployment Information
- **Target Systems**:
- **Installation Responsibility**:
- **Scheduled Installation Date**:
- **Special Configuration Requirements**:
## Approval
- **Manager Approval**:
- **Security Team Approval**:
- **Budget Approval**:# Compliance Review Checklist: [Regulation/Standard]
## Documentation
- [ ] Policies are current and approved
- [ ] Procedures are documented and followed
- [ ] Evidence collection is complete and organized
- [ ] Records retention requirements are met
- [ ] Required certifications are current
## Technical Controls
- [ ] Access controls implemented and verified
- [ ] Encryption requirements satisfied
- [ ] Monitoring systems operational
- [ ] Backup and recovery tested
- [ ] Security testing completed
## Administrative Controls
- [ ] Required training completed and documented
- [ ] Roles and responsibilities defined
- [ ] Risk assessment current
- [ ] Incident response procedures tested
- [ ] Third-party risk management in place
## Reporting
- [ ] Compliance status reporting current
- [ ] Metrics collection automated
- [ ] Executive dashboard updated
- [ ] Exceptions documented and approved
- [ ] Remediation plans in place for gaps- Detection: Identify certificate-related incident
- Assessment: Determine scope and impact
- Containment: Limit damage from compromised certificates
- Remediation: Revoke and replace affected certificates
- Recovery: Restore services with new certificates
- Lessons Learned: Document incident and improve processes
| Problem | Symptoms | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Certificate Expiration | Browser warnings, service outages | Implement automated monitoring and renewal processes |
| Name Mismatch | Browser security warnings | Ensure certificate domains match actual usage, including all subdomains |
| Incomplete Certificate Chain | Intermittent client connection issues | Install complete certificate chain including intermediates |
| Weak Cryptography | Security scan findings, compliance failures | Upgrade to stronger algorithms and key lengths |
| Private Key Compromise | Unauthorized use, potential MitM attacks | Revoke certificate immediately, investigate breach, issue new certificate with new key pair |