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devsecops.md

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DevSecOps Practices

This document outlines the DevSecOps practices and standards at Bayat, integrating security throughout the software development lifecycle.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Security as Code
  3. Secure Development Lifecycle
  4. Security Testing
  5. Infrastructure Security
  6. Continuous Security Monitoring
  7. Incident Response
  8. Security Tools and Automation
  9. Compliance and Governance
  10. Security Culture

Introduction

DevSecOps extends DevOps principles by integrating security practices throughout the entire software development lifecycle. This approach ensures that security is not an afterthought but a fundamental aspect of our development process.

Core Principles

  • Shift Left Security: Integrate security early in the development process
  • Automation: Automate security checks and controls wherever possible
  • Continuous Security: Implement security as a continuous process
  • Shared Responsibility: Security is everyone's responsibility
  • Rapid Response: Quickly address security issues when identified

Security as Code

Security as Code involves managing security controls, policies, and infrastructure through code, enabling version control, testing, and automation.

Infrastructure as Code Security

  • Use security-focused linting tools for IaC (e.g., tfsec for Terraform, cfn-nag for CloudFormation)
  • Implement least privilege principles in infrastructure definitions
  • Version control all infrastructure code
  • Conduct peer reviews of infrastructure changes
  • Scan IaC templates for security misconfigurations

Policy as Code

  • Define security policies as code (e.g., using OPA, AWS Config Rules)
  • Implement automated policy enforcement
  • Version control policy definitions
  • Test policies before deployment
  • Document policy exceptions with justifications

Security Pipeline Integration

  • Integrate security checks into CI/CD pipelines
  • Fail builds for critical security issues
  • Generate security reports as pipeline artifacts
  • Implement security gates at key stages of the pipeline
  • Track security metrics across pipeline runs

Secure Development Lifecycle

Requirements Phase

  • Include security requirements in user stories
  • Conduct threat modeling for new features
  • Define security acceptance criteria
  • Document security assumptions and dependencies
  • Consider privacy requirements (GDPR, CCPA, etc.)

Design Phase

  • Follow secure design principles (least privilege, defense in depth, etc.)
  • Conduct security design reviews
  • Document security controls
  • Consider security implications of architectural decisions
  • Use secure design patterns

Development Phase

  • Follow secure coding guidelines
  • Use pre-approved, secure libraries and frameworks
  • Implement proper error handling and logging
  • Use security linting tools
  • Conduct peer code reviews with security focus

Testing Phase

  • Implement security unit tests
  • Conduct security integration tests
  • Perform security acceptance testing
  • Validate security requirements
  • Test security controls

Deployment Phase

  • Use secure deployment practices
  • Implement proper secrets management
  • Validate security configurations
  • Use immutable infrastructure
  • Implement blue/green or canary deployments

Operations Phase

  • Monitor for security events
  • Implement security patching process
  • Conduct regular security assessments
  • Maintain security documentation
  • Implement security incident response

Security Testing

Static Application Security Testing (SAST)

  • Integrate SAST tools into development environments and CI/CD pipelines
  • Define severity thresholds for findings
  • Implement a process for false positive management
  • Track security debt over time
  • Recommended tools:
    • SonarQube
    • Checkmarx
    • Snyk Code
    • Semgrep
    • ESLint with security plugins

Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST)

  • Implement DAST in staging environments
  • Define scope and frequency of DAST scans
  • Integrate DAST results into issue tracking
  • Automate DAST in CI/CD pipelines where feasible
  • Recommended tools:
    • OWASP ZAP
    • Burp Suite
    • Netsparker
    • Acunetix

Software Composition Analysis (SCA)

  • Scan all dependencies for known vulnerabilities
  • Implement dependency update automation
  • Define policies for acceptable vulnerabilities
  • Maintain an inventory of third-party components
  • Recommended tools:
    • Snyk
    • OWASP Dependency-Check
    • WhiteSource
    • Black Duck

Container Security

  • Scan container images for vulnerabilities
  • Use minimal base images
  • Implement container runtime security
  • Follow container security best practices
  • Recommended tools:
    • Trivy
    • Clair
    • Anchore
    • Aqua Security

Infrastructure Security Testing

  • Conduct regular infrastructure security scans
  • Implement compliance as code
  • Test infrastructure against security benchmarks
  • Validate cloud configurations
  • Recommended tools:
    • Prowler (AWS)
    • Azure Security Center
    • GCP Security Command Center
    • Terratest

Penetration Testing

  • Conduct regular penetration tests
  • Define scope and methodology
  • Track and remediate findings
  • Validate fixes
  • Consider bug bounty programs

Infrastructure Security

Cloud Security

  • Implement cloud security best practices
  • Use cloud security posture management (CSPM) tools
  • Follow cloud provider security recommendations
  • Implement proper IAM controls
  • Enable appropriate logging and monitoring

Network Security

  • Implement network segmentation
  • Use security groups and firewalls
  • Implement proper access controls
  • Encrypt data in transit
  • Conduct regular network security assessments

Secrets Management

  • Use a centralized secrets management solution
  • Rotate secrets regularly
  • Avoid hardcoding secrets
  • Implement least privilege for secrets access
  • Audit secrets usage
  • Recommended tools:
    • HashiCorp Vault
    • AWS Secrets Manager
    • Azure Key Vault
    • Google Secret Manager

Identity and Access Management

  • Implement role-based access control (RBAC)
  • Use multi-factor authentication (MFA)
  • Follow principle of least privilege
  • Implement just-in-time access
  • Regularly audit access

Continuous Security Monitoring

Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)

  • Centralize security logs
  • Implement correlation rules
  • Define alerting thresholds
  • Establish monitoring procedures
  • Conduct regular reviews of SIEM effectiveness

Threat Detection

  • Implement threat intelligence feeds
  • Use behavior analytics
  • Deploy intrusion detection systems
  • Monitor for anomalous activities
  • Establish baseline behaviors

Vulnerability Management

  • Implement continuous vulnerability scanning
  • Define vulnerability remediation SLAs
  • Track vulnerability metrics
  • Prioritize vulnerabilities based on risk
  • Integrate vulnerability management with development workflow

Compliance Monitoring

  • Implement continuous compliance checks
  • Generate compliance reports
  • Track compliance metrics
  • Address compliance gaps
  • Maintain compliance documentation

Incident Response

Incident Response Plan

  • Define incident response procedures
  • Establish roles and responsibilities
  • Document communication protocols
  • Define escalation paths
  • Regularly test the incident response plan

Security Incident Handling

  • Implement incident detection mechanisms
  • Define incident classification criteria
  • Document incident response steps
  • Establish containment strategies
  • Define recovery procedures

Post-Incident Activities

  • Conduct post-incident reviews
  • Document lessons learned
  • Implement improvements
  • Update security controls
  • Share knowledge across teams

Security Tools and Automation

Security Toolchain

  • Maintain an inventory of security tools
  • Integrate tools with development and operations workflows
  • Automate security tool execution
  • Centralize security findings
  • Regularly evaluate tool effectiveness

Security Automation

  • Automate routine security tasks
  • Implement security orchestration
  • Use security chatbots for developer guidance
  • Automate security reporting
  • Implement self-healing security controls

Security Metrics and Dashboards

  • Define key security metrics
  • Implement security dashboards
  • Track security trends
  • Use metrics for decision-making
  • Share security metrics with stakeholders

Compliance and Governance

Regulatory Compliance

  • Identify applicable regulations
  • Map controls to compliance requirements
  • Implement compliance validation
  • Maintain compliance documentation
  • Conduct regular compliance assessments

Security Policies

  • Develop and maintain security policies
  • Ensure policies are accessible
  • Review and update policies regularly
  • Train employees on policies
  • Monitor policy compliance

Risk Management

  • Implement risk assessment processes
  • Maintain a risk register
  • Define risk acceptance criteria
  • Conduct regular risk reviews
  • Integrate risk management with development

Security Culture

Security Training

  • Implement security awareness training
  • Provide role-specific security training
  • Conduct secure coding workshops
  • Use gamification for security learning
  • Measure training effectiveness

Security Champions

  • Establish a security champions program
  • Define security champion responsibilities
  • Provide resources for security champions
  • Recognize security champion contributions
  • Facilitate knowledge sharing among champions

Security Communication

  • Establish security communication channels
  • Share security news and updates
  • Celebrate security wins
  • Provide clear security guidance
  • Encourage security discussions

Continuous Improvement

  • Solicit feedback on security practices
  • Implement security retrospectives
  • Track security improvement metrics
  • Share lessons learned
  • Recognize security improvements