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title Materials
description Materials determine objects' visual appearance and physical properties.

import BetaAlert from '../includes/beta-features/beta-alert.md'

Roblox's materials are unlike materials on other platforms, in that their visual appearance and their physical properties reflect those of materials in the real world. For example, concrete is heavier than plastic and sinks faster in water. When you set the material of a part or terrain, Roblox simulates its physical material properties to make this behavior just work.

The Roblox Engine offers a range of base materials suitable to build many experiences, including various categories of metal, rock, and organic materials.

You can also create your own custom materials and apply them to parts or terrain. Custom materials have an additional adaptive materials behavior that lets you adapt any model to use your art style and custom materials, even if someone else created the model.

Apply materials

You can quickly apply materials to parts through the Material widget. The Material Manager offers the same functionality and an additional "paint tool" application mode.

Material widget

The Material widget is accessible from either the Home or Model tabs. Clicking the small dropdown arrow reveals a material picker.

Studio's Model tab with the Material widget's picker highlighted.

By default, clicking the overall Material button applies the chosen material to any selected parts. If you prefer a fill/paint workflow instead, toggle on Material Action as Tool and then click parts in the 3D viewport to apply the chosen material.

Studio's Model tab with the Material Action as Tool selector indicated.

Material manager

If you've enabled the Material Picker beta, access the Material Manager from the picker window. If you have not enabled the beta, locate its dedicated button to the left of the Color button in the Home or Model tab.

Studio's Model tab with the Material Manager button highlighted.

From the manager window, you can apply materials to parts through the following workflows.

The default `Enum.Material` property for new `Class.Part` instances is **Plastic**. To apply a different material to parts:

  1. In the 3D viewport or Explorer, select one or more parts.

  2. In the Material Manager palette, hover your mouse over the desired material (you don't need to select it) and click the Apply to Selected Parts button.

    Apply to Selected Parts button indicated in Material Manager
You can also use a material as a painting tool that applies to parts:

  1. In the Material Manager, select the material you want to apply.

  2. In the top-left corner, click the Paint Parts With Selected Material button to enable the material as a painting tool.

    Paint Parts With Selected Material button indicated in Material Manager

  3. In the 3D viewport, hover over and click the parts that you want to apply the material to.

  4. When you're done painting, click the button again to disable the tool.

Custom materials

The Material Manager provides a user interface to interact with various aspects of Class.MaterialService, including creating new custom materials and applying them to parts and terrain. Custom materials are represented by Class.MaterialVariant instances within Class.MaterialService.

Explorer window showing two MaterialVariant instances within MaterialService

You can apply custom materials per-part or globally to both parts and terrain, and you can fine-tune how custom materials apply to faces of terrain with Class.TerrainDetail instances.

`Class.MaterialVariant` and `Class.SurfaceAppearance` instances both use [PBR](../art/modeling/surface-appearance.md) textures to customize the appearance of objects. The difference is that `Class.MaterialVariant` is for customizing the appearance of reusable tileable material, whereas `Class.SurfaceAppearance` is for customizing the visual appearance of a specific mesh with UV mapping. `Class.MaterialVariant` instances also have [physical properties](#physical-properties) that `Class.SurfaceAppearance` instances don't.

Create custom materials

You can edit all properties of a custom material in the Material Manager or through the properties of a Class.MaterialVariant instance. You can also generate custom materials through the prompt‑based Material Generator.

To create a custom material in the Material Manager:

  1. Click the base material from which your custom material will inherit physical properties. If you skip this step, the base material will be Plastic, but you can change it later.

    A Base material of Asphalt that's selected in the Material Manager.

  2. In the top-left corner, click Create Material Variant.

    Create Material Variant button indicated in Material Manager.

    A new variant appears in the palette with an icon in the bottom-right corner, indicating it's a custom material.

    New MaterialVariant tile in Material Manager with icon to indicate a custom material.

  3. In the inspector, rename your custom material to describe its purpose. You can change the name later, but if you do so after applying the material to parts, you'll need to re-apply it to those parts.

  4. For each texture map option such as Color or Normal, paste an asset ID or import a new texture from your computer. Square textures work best. If you don't specify an asset for a texture map, that texture remains blank.

  5. If desired, adjust the Studs Per Tile and Pattern values to change how the material looks.

If necessary, you can delete a custom material from the [Material Manager](#material-manager) by selecting it and clicking the **Delete** button below its preview globe. Alternatively, you can delete its associated `Class.MaterialVariant` instance within **MaterialService** of the [Explorer](../studio/explorer.md).

Apply custom materials

For parts, you can use a custom material just like any other material, applying it to selected parts through the Material widget or the Material Manager.¹

You can also apply the new material to a part by setting its MaterialVariant property in the Properties window. In this case, Studio automatically sets its Material property to the base material you chose when creating the material.

Material and MaterialVariant properties set in the Properties window.

Note that if you rename a custom material **after** applying it to parts, those parts will not automatically use the custom material with the new name. This behavior allows for [Adaptive Materials](#adaptive-materials). If you want parts to continue using a custom material after you rename it, you'll need to re-apply the custom material. ¹ Unlike on parts, you cannot **directly** apply custom materials to [terrain](../parts/terrain.md), although you can set a custom material as a [material override](#material-overrides) to an existing base material for all terrain using that material.

Material overrides

You can set a custom material as a material override to make its base material serve as a reference to the custom material. When you do so, Studio will use the custom material for both the textures and physical properties of any part or terrain that uses the custom material.

Material overrides are the only way to apply custom materials to terrain. Note also that the materials for terrain are global per place, so you can't apply multiple variants of the same base material to the terrain in a single place.

Set overrides

To set a custom material as a material override in the Material Manager:

  1. Click the custom material that you want to set as an override.

  2. In the inspector, scroll down to Overrides and enable Set as Override.

    .

    The new override appears as a property of MaterialService in the Properties window.

Terrain details

By default, applying a custom material to parts or as an override applies that custom material as tiles across each face. For terrain, you can optionally configure Class.TerrainDetail instances to customize the top, side, and bottom of terrain voxels using that custom material.

To customize the faces of terrain using a custom material:

  1. In the palette of the Material Manager, click the custom material.

  2. In the inspector, confirm that its Set as Override toggle is enabled.

  3. In the Terrain Details section, click Create for each face you want to customize.

  4. For each face you enable, expand the arrow to access and edit details such as its name, texture maps, studs per tile, and pattern.

Disable overrides

You can disable an entire material override and all base materials that it's currently overriding, or you can disable the override for a specific base material.

1. In the palette of the [Material Manager](#material-manager), click a **custom material** that's being used as an override. 1. In the inspector, scroll down to **Overrides** and disable **Set as Override**.

1. In the palette of the [Material Manager](#material-manager), click a **base material** which is being overridden by a custom material. 2. In the inspector, scroll down to **Material Override** and select **None** from the menu.

Physical properties

All materials have built-in physical properties such as density, elasticity, and friction. Through the application of custom materials with unique physical properties, you can affect global material behavior for all parts and terrain which use the custom material, such as creating an extremely slippery variant of the Ice material.

When factoring physical properties, the engine prioritizes more granular per-part settings over material behaviors to determine the effective physical properties of a surface:

Custom physical properties of the specific part.

Custom physical properties of the part's custom material.

Custom physical properties of the [material override](#setting-overrides) of the part's material.

The [default physical properties](#default-physical-properties) of the part's material. To set unique physical properties for any [custom material](#custom-materials) and automatically apply them to all parts and [terrain](../parts/terrain.md) which use the material:

  1. In the palette of the Material Manager, click the custom material.

  2. In the inspector, scroll down to the Physics section and set custom physical properties as detailed in the Datatype.PhysicalProperties reference.

    Custom physical properties in Material Manager inspector pane

    For any part that uses the custom material and does not have part-specific overrides, the CurrentPhysicalProperties branch in the Properties window reveals that its default physical properties are overridden by the custom material's properties.

    Properties window showing physical properties overridden by those of custom material
If you need to override a part's custom material properties and set physical properties for that specific part, you can use its **CustomPhysicalProperties** toggle.

  1. With the part selected, enable CustomPhysicalProperties in the Properties window.

    CustomPhysicalProperties enabled in a part's properties

  2. Set custom physical properties as detailed in the Datatype.PhysicalProperties reference.

Adaptive materials

When you apply a custom material to a part, the part's Class.Part.MaterialVariant property becomes the name of its Class.MaterialVariant rather than its specific instance. This means that when you reuse the part in the same or a different place, as in a model or package, it's easier for you to adapt different custom materials to adjust the part's look. The adaptive behavior of custom materials has the following effects:

  • If you create collections of custom materials with the same name but different textures, then you can quickly change the style of a place by changing which collection is a child of Class.MaterialService.
  • If you insert a model with parts that use a custom material, then you can modify its look by creating an instance of Class.MaterialVariant in Class.MaterialService and renaming it to the same name as the previous custom material, rather than applying the new material to the parts in the model.

When you reuse custom materials in models and packages, each MaterialVariant instance must be in Class.MaterialService for it to work.

  • If you distribute a model to the Creator Store with a custom material, include the Class.MaterialVariant instance in the model. For more information about distributing models to the Creator Store, see Distributing Assets.
  • If you insert a model from the Creator Store, look for any Class.MaterialVariant instances and copy them to Class.MaterialService. For more information about importing models from the Creator Store, see Creator Store.
  • If you want to use custom materials with packages, put the package in Class.MaterialService. For more information on packages, see Packages.

The Creator Store has a category called Materials for "material packs", models that contain only Class.MaterialVariant, Class.TerrainDetail, Class.Folder, and Class.Model instances. The Materials category is a way to promote and discover custom materials by other creators.

To make the most of adaptive materials, use a consistent naming convention for your `Class.MaterialVariant` instances. For example, you can use `PascalCase` with the base material of the custom material as the first word, as in `GrassWet`, `GrassDry`, and `GrassBurned`.

Asset and property reference

Base materials

Shaders generate the look and feel of materials. The base material shaders work differently than the shader which Class.MaterialVariant instances use, so you can't create custom materials that look exactly like base materials, but you can still create custom materials that use their textures. The following tables list the asset IDs for material details such as Class.SurfaceAppearance.ColorMap|ColorMap and Class.SurfaceAppearance.RoughnessMap|RoughnessMap.

Material ColorMap Normal Metalness Roughness
**Asphalt** 9930003046 9429449876 9429450346
**Basalt** 9920482056 9438412214 9438412457
**Brick** 9920482813 9438453152 9438453413
**Cardboard** 14108651729 14108654002 14108654299
**Carpet** 14108662587 14108663154 14108663726
**Ceramic Tiles** 17429425079 17429425915 17429426100 17429426861
**Clay Roof Tiles** 18147681935 18147683410 18147684855
**Cobblestone** 9919718991 9438457162 9438457470
**Concrete** 9920484153 9466554006 9466554186
**Corroded Metal** 9920589327 9439548484 9439548749 9439556441
**Cracked Lava** 9920484943 9438508790 9438509046
**Diamond Plate** 10237720195 9438583222 9438583347 9438583558
**Fabric** 9920517696 9873280412 9873282563
**Foil** 9466552117 9424786192 9424786272 9424786620
**Force Field**\*
**Glacier** 9920518732 9438812958 9438851286
**Glass** 9438868521 7547304785 7547304892
**Granite** 9920550238 9438882935 9438883109
**Grass** 9920551868 9438955773 9438955997
**Ground** 9920554482 9439043558 9439043765
**Ice** 9920555943 9467301039 9467301203
**Leafy Grass** 9920557906 9439080781 9439080950
**Leather** 14108670073 14108670486 14108670748
**Limestone** 9920561437 9439415191 9439415495
**Marble** 9439430596 9439431240 9439431383
**Metal** 9920574687 9873295432 9873318201 9873318890
**Mud** 9920578473 9439509827 9439510012
**Neon**\*
**Pavement** 9920579943 9439519281 9439519532
**Pebble** 9920581082 9439528644 9439537267
**Plaster** 14108671255 14108671870 14108672378
**Plastic**\*
**Rock** 9920587470 9439538417 9439545859
**Roof Shingles** 119722544879522 77534750680073 129397260312247
**Rubber** 14108673018 14108674698 14108674894 14108675142
**Salt** 9920590225 9439565809 9439566688
**Sand** 9920591683 9439577084 9439577327
**Sandstone** 9920596120 9439596530 9439596711
**Slate** 9920599782 9439612514 9439612733
**Smooth Plastic**\*
**Snow** 9920620284 9439632006 9439632145
**Wood** 9920625290 9439641376 9439648605
**Wood Planks** 9920626778 9439650689 9439658127
\* Material is unique and/or its texture assets are bundled with Studio instead of being accessible as a typical asset ID.
Material Color Normal Metalness Roughness
**Brick** 7546648254 7546649654 7546650017
**Cobblestone** 7546651802 7546652689 7546652892
**Concrete** 7546653328 7546653707 7546653868
**Corroded Metal** 7547183598 7547181182 7547184321 7547184588
**Diamond Plate** 7546654401 7546654536 7547162002 7547162137
**Fabric** 7547100606 7547100915 7547101072
**Foil** 7546644642 7546644903 7546644642 7546644963
**Glass** 7547304577 7547304785 7547304892
**Granite** 7547164400 7546654648 7547164660
**Grass** 7547167347 7547168653 7547169207
**Ice** 7546644642 7547171198 7547171276
**Marble** 7547174345 7547176060 7547177213
**Metal** 7547178395 7547287997 7547288112 7547179082
**Pebble** 7547291174 7546645052 7547291306
**Sand** 7547294684 7547294810 7547295087
**Slate** 7547297050 7547297808 7547298051
**Wood** 7547190453 7547190548 7547190619 7547303147
**Wood Planks** 7547301709 7547188159 7547188891 7547332869
Material Terrain Face Color Normal Roughness
**Asphalt** Top 9930003046 9429449876 9429450346
Side 9930005689 9429465046 9429466226
**Basalt** (all) 9920482056 9438412214 9438412457
**Brick** (all) 9920482813 9438453152 9438453413
**Cobblestone** (all) 9919718991 9438457162 9438457470
**Concrete** (all) 9920484153 9466554006 9466554186
**Cracked Lava** (all) 9920484943 9438508790 9438509046
**Glacier** Top 9920518732 9438812958 9438851286
Side 9920520269 9438853412 9438853585
Bottom 9920521000 9438867267 9438867465
**Grass** Top 9920551868 9438955773 9438955997
Side 9932815307 9438958337 9439010060
Bottom 9932815307 9439011893 9439012136
**Ground** (all) 9920554482 9439043558 9439043765
**Ice** Top 9920555943 9467301039 9467301203
Side 9920556722 9439071195 9439071371
**Leafy Grass** Top 9920557906 9439080781 9439080950
Side 9932815307 9439151713 9439151929
Bottom 9932815307 9439151713 9439151929
**Limestone** Top 9920561437 9439415191 9439415495
Side 9920562675 9439417923 9439418334
**Mud** (all) 9920578473 9439509827 9439510012
**Pavement** Top 9920579943 9439519281 9439519532
Side 9920580293 9439527387 9439527572
**Rock** (all) 9920587470 9439538417 9439545859
**Salt** Top 9920590225 9439565809 9439566688
Side 9920590689 9439568299 9439575868
**Sand** Top 9920591683 9439577084 9439577327
Side 9920592270 9439586304 9439593887
**Sandstone** Top 9920596120 9439596530 9439596711
Side 9920628274 9439605275 9439605506
**Slate** Top 9920599782 9439612514 9439612733
Side 9920614158 9439615040 9439621979
**Snow** Top 9920620284 9439632006 9439632145
Side 9920620898 9439639648 9439640077
**Wood Planks** (all) 9920626778 9439650689 9439658127
Material Terrain Face Color Normal Roughness
**Asphalt** Top 7547349715 7547350415 7551984908
Side 7551989667 7547322693 7547350597
**Basalt** (all) 7551975939 7547348152 7551977581
**Brick** (all) 7547631333 7547633037 7546657679
**Cobblestone** Top 7551992689 7547351364 7547351553
Side 7547648825 7547352096 7547649793
**Concrete** Top 7547196561 7547337919 7547197958
Side 7547628584 7547199386 7547310473
**Cracked Lava** (all) 7551980711 7547320674 7551982079
**Glacier** Top 7547646888 7551930815 7551932698
Side 7551937696 7551940030 7551941712
Bottom 7551946144 7551948150 7551932698
**Grass** Top 7547307376 7547336606 7547308019
Side 7547621556 7547191705 7547622691
Bottom 7551927733 7547193357 7547625590
**Ground** (all) 7547348623 7547348887 7547349016
**Ice** Top 7547352634 7547651999 7547652934
Side 7547656350 7547657495 7546663210
**Leafy Grass** Top 7546663659 7546664288 7546664614
Side 7546665232 7546666003 7546666120
**Limestone** Top 7547206319 7547670319 7547671387
Side 7547206579 7547674533 7547206799
**Mud** (all) 7551972606 7552022188 7552023936
**Pavement** Top 7547678151 7547207799 7547207869
Side 7547680765 7547208846 7547682025
**Rock** (all) 7546659890 7546660701 7547643804
**Salt** Top 7546666647 7547660879 7547661939
Side 7547665222 7547667170 7547668252
**Sand** Top 7547635114 7547311493 7546658153
Side 7546658461 7546659003 7546659187
**Sandstone** Top 7547202858 7547204511 7551954003
Side 7551958805 7551960790 7551962377
Bottom 7551967204 7551968869 7551970693
**Slate** (all) 7547309616 7546656859 7547626537
**Snow** (all) 7547315875 7547201338 7547316776
**Wood Planks** (all) 7547637836 7547639230 7547640511
The base materials were upgraded in 2022 to support custom materials. New places use the upgraded materials by default, but you may need to explicitly enable upgraded materials for older places by selecting **MaterialService** in the [Explorer](../studio/explorer.md) window and then, in the [Properties](../studio/properties.md) window, enabling its **Use2022Materials** property. Note that after upgrading, you might need to adjust terrain colors since terrain made with upgraded materials uses tint instead of hue shift.

Default colors

The following table lists the default RGB values for each base material. For information on how to color parts and terrain, see Parts and Environmental Terrain.

Material RGB Value Color
**Asphalt** [80, 84, 84]
**Basalt** [75, 74, 74]
**Brick** [138, 97, 73]
**Cardboard** [255, 206, 152]
**Carpet** [163, 162, 165]
**Ceramic Tiles** [181, 173, 156]
**Clay Roof Tiles** [255, 142, 87]
**Cobblestone** [134, 134, 118]
**Concrete** [152, 152, 152]
**Corroded Metal** [104, 140, 173]
**Cracked Lava** [255, 24, 67]
**Diamond Plate** [168, 175, 176]
**Fabric** [194, 193, 168]
**Foil** [168, 175, 176]
**Force Field** [163, 162, 165]
**Glacier** [221, 228, 229]
**Glass** [138, 167, 168]
**Granite** [149, 146, 139]
**Grass** [111, 126, 62]
**Ground** [140, 130, 104]
**Ice** [204, 210, 223]
**Leafy Grass** [106, 134, 64]
**Leather** [110, 73, 53]
**Limestone** [255, 243, 192]
**Marble** [122, 122, 122]
**Metal** [168, 175, 176]
**Mud** [121, 112, 98]
**Neon** [163, 162, 165]
**Pavement** [143, 144, 135]
**Pebble** [122, 122, 118]
**Plaster** [204, 142, 105]
**Plastic** [163, 162, 165]
**Rock** [99, 100, 102]
**Roof Shingles** [66, 66, 66]
**Rubber** [32, 32, 32]
**Salt** [255, 255, 254]
**Sand** [207, 203, 167]
**Sandstone** [148, 124, 95]
**Slate** [88, 89, 86]
**Smooth Plastic** [163, 162, 165]
**Snow** [235, 253, 255]
**Wood** [172, 148, 108]
**Wood Planks** [172, 148, 108]

Default physical properties

The following table lists each material's default physical properties as detailed in the Datatype.PhysicalProperties reference. For information on customizing physical properties, see Physical properties.

Material Density Elasticity ElasticityWeight Friction FrictionWeight
**Asphalt** 2.36 0.2 1 0.8 0.3
**Basalt** 2.691 0.15 1 0.7 0.3
**Brick** 1.922 0.15 1 0.8 0.3
**Cardboard** 0.7 0.05 2 0.5 1
**Carpet** 1.1 0.25 2 0.4 1
**Ceramic Tiles** 2.4 0.2 1 0.51 1
**Clay Roof Tiles** 2 0.2 1 0.51 1
**Cobblestone** 2.691 0.17 1 0.5 1
**Concrete** 2.403 0.2 1 0.7 0.3
**Corroded Metal** 7.85 0.2 1 0.7 1
**Cracked Lava** 2.691 0.15 1 0.65 1
**Diamond Plate** 7.85 0.25 1 0.35 1
**Fabric** 0.7 0.05 1 0.35 1
**Foil** 2.7 0.25 1 0.4 1
**Force Field** 2.403 0.2 1 0.25 1
**Glacier** 0.919 0.15 1 0.05 2
**Glass** 2.403 0.2 1 0.25 1
**Granite** 2.691 0.2 1 0.4 1
**Grass** 0.9 0.1 1.5 0.4 1
**Ground** 0.9 0.1 1 0.45 1
**Ice** 0.919 0.15 1 0.02 3
**Leafy Grass** 0.9 0.1 2 0.4 2
**Leather** 0.86 0.25 1 0.35 1
**Limestone** 2.691 0.15 1 0.5 1
**Marble** 2.563 0.17 1 0.2 1
**Metal** 7.85 0.25 1 0.4 1
**Mud** 0.9 0.07 4 0.3 3
**Neon** 0.7 0.2 1 0.3 1
**Pavement** 2.691 0.17 1 0.5 0.3
**Pebble** 2.403 0.17 1.5 0.4 1
**Plaster** 0.75 0.2 1 0.6 0.3
**Plastic** 0.7 0.5 1 0.3 1
**Rock** 2.691 0.17 1 0.5 1
**Roof Shingles** 2.36 0.2 1 0.8 0.3
**Rubber** 1.3 0.95 2 1.5 3
**Salt** 2.165 0.05 1 0.5 1
**Sand** 1.602 0.05 2.5 0.5 5
**Sandstone** 2.691 0.15 1 0.5 5
**Smooth Plastic** 0.7 0.5 1 0.2 1
**Slate** 2.691 0.2 1 0.4 1
**Snow** 0.9 0.03 4 0.3 3
**Wood** 0.35 0.2 1 0.48 1
**Wood Planks** 0.35 0.2 1 0.48 1