+: A much-debated question in linguistics is whether we are born with a language-specific learning capacity or whether we can learn language from input alone. NLMs can help shed light on this question as these learn solely from their input in combination with their inductive biases and have no built-in linguistic representations. Recently, researchers have been investigating whether NLMs can model syntactic island effects, one of the most studied phenomena in experimental syntax and an ideal test bed because they rarely occur in training data and NLMs have no built-in linguistic knowledge to fall back on. In the present study, however, two problems with this existing research are addressed that make it difficult to claim that NLMs represent island effects comparable to humans: (1) the behaviors of NLMs are almost never compared to human data and (2) are almost exclusively researched in English. The current study thus investigated whether an NLM can represent a wh-island sensitivity comparable to humans and improved on previous research by testing both an NLM and human participants and by comparing NLM and human behaviors in both English and Dutch. The results show that the NLM can model a human-like wh-island sensitivity, but only in English. Consequently, more cross-linguistic research is necessary before NLMs can be claimed to bear on the human capacity for grammar learning.<br><br>
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