Updated citation for Becker et al. 2014

akoontz11 · akoontz11 · commit d9372534bfc2 · 2025-06-02T17:01:06.000-05:00
diff --git a/docs/4b_Example_assessments/Example_assessments.md b/docs/4b_Example_assessments/Example_assessments.md
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ The brown bear in Scandinavia was heavily hunted toward the end of the 1800s and
 
 ### Rose’s Mountain Toadlet (*Capensibufo rosei*)  - South Africa Number of extinct and extant populations known
 
-Rose’s Mountain Toadlet is endemic to the Table Mountain National Park on the Cape Peninsula of South Africa. Despite being confined to a protected area and the presence of apparently suitable habitat with natural vegetation and pools of water, this species has lost four of its historical breeding populations ([Cressey et al. 2015](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/oryx/article/fading-out-of-view-the-enigmatic-decline-of-roses-mountain-toad-capensibufo-rosei/31E5257B064E82CE7B4D32F1D92805C4)). It is speculated that the suppression of natural fires and the loss of grazing wild animals from the Cape Peninsula may be the primary cause of this decline (Becker 2014; [Cressey et al. 2015](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/oryx/article/fading-out-of-view-the-enigmatic-decline-of-roses-mountain-toad-capensibufo-rosei/31E5257B064E82CE7B4D32F1D92805C4)). Without these disturbances, the fynbos (natural heathland vegetation endemic to the southern coast of South Africa) becomes overgrown, and although some pools might still form, the pool characteristics (depth, size, shading, water retention) are probably affected. Currently, only two geographically isolated (~20 km apart - exceeding the toadlets dispersal capability) and genetically distinct (based on mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA) populations remain at Silvermine and the Cape of Good Hope (CoGH) ([Cressey et al. 2015](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/oryx/article/fading-out-of-view-the-enigmatic-decline-of-roses-mountain-toad-capensibufo-rosei/31E5257B064E82CE7B4D32F1D92805C4); [da Silva & Tolley 2018](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10592-017-1008-9)). The CoGH population is a metapopulation of two or more breeding sites. **The Populations Maintained indicator is thus 0.33** (2/6 populations maintained). A Capture-Mark-Recapture study estimated the population sizes of the two populations to be under 2,000 mature individuals each. Applying the default Ne/Nc ratio of 0.1, Ne for both was found to be below the 500 threshold, which would make the Ne 500 indicator 0. However, a population genetic study reported higher Ne values for both populations, particularly for Silvermine (exceeding the 500 threshold), which would affect the Ne 500 score (i.e. 0.5). Given several assumptions were made during the genetic analyses (i.e., life history- generation length of 5 years) and the confidence intervals covered a wide range, and considering the default 0.1 ratio was used to estimate Ne from Nc, the Ne estimates from either study were not necessarily deemed more correct. Hence, the two indicator values were averaged, resulting in a **final Ne 500 indicator score of 0.25.** 
+Rose’s Mountain Toadlet is endemic to the Table Mountain National Park on the Cape Peninsula of South Africa. Despite being confined to a protected area and the presence of apparently suitable habitat with natural vegetation and pools of water, this species has lost four of its historical breeding populations ([Cressey et al. 2015](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/oryx/article/fading-out-of-view-the-enigmatic-decline-of-roses-mountain-toad-capensibufo-rosei/31E5257B064E82CE7B4D32F1D92805C4)). It is speculated that the suppression of natural fires and the loss of grazing wild animals from the Cape Peninsula may be the primary cause of this decline ([Cressey et al. 2015](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/oryx/article/fading-out-of-view-the-enigmatic-decline-of-roses-mountain-toad-capensibufo-rosei/31E5257B064E82CE7B4D32F1D92805C4)). Without these disturbances, the fynbos (natural heathland vegetation endemic to the southern coast of South Africa) becomes overgrown, and although some pools might still form, the pool characteristics (depth, size, shading, water retention) are probably affected. Currently, only two geographically isolated (~20 km apart - exceeding the toadlets dispersal capability) and genetically distinct (based on mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA) populations remain at Silvermine and the Cape of Good Hope (CoGH) ([Cressey et al. 2015](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/oryx/article/fading-out-of-view-the-enigmatic-decline-of-roses-mountain-toad-capensibufo-rosei/31E5257B064E82CE7B4D32F1D92805C4); [da Silva & Tolley 2018](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10592-017-1008-9)). The CoGH population is a metapopulation of two or more breeding sites. **The Populations Maintained indicator is thus 0.33** (2/6 populations maintained). A Capture-Mark-Recapture study estimated the population sizes of the two populations to be under 2,000 mature individuals each. Applying the default Ne/Nc ratio of 0.1, Ne for both was found to be below the 500 threshold, which would make the Ne 500 indicator 0. However, a population genetic study reported higher Ne values for both populations, particularly for Silvermine (exceeding the 500 threshold), which would affect the Ne 500 score (i.e. 0.5). Given several assumptions were made during the genetic analyses (i.e., life history- generation length of 5 years) and the confidence intervals covered a wide range, and considering the default 0.1 ratio was used to estimate Ne from Nc, the Ne estimates from either study were not necessarily deemed more correct. Hence, the two indicator values were averaged, resulting in a **final Ne 500 indicator score of 0.25.** 
 
 ![](Examples_Fig4.png)
 
