When using TextStorageSystemInterface, initial highlighting works fine. Adding text to the end of the file works fine too. Adding text somewhere else doesn't seem to highlight it.
I did some digging and couldn't find an immediate reason why it's happening. In the beginValidation function (RangeValidator.swift), the following line will return .none, which is probably unexpected.
guard let neededRange = nextNeededRange(in: set, prioritizing: range) else { return .none }
Reproducing the issue: open the sample project, in TextViewSystemInterface comment out the first two interfaces in effectiveInterface, so the TextStorageSystemInterface is used. Then, try editing the text somewhere in the middle.