hack.mon.c

/* Copyright (c) Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam, 1985. */
/* hack.mon.c - version 1.0.3 */
/* $FreeBSD$ */

/*
 * Monster AI system for 1984 Hack - monster movement and behavior
 * Original 1984 source: docs/historical/original-source/hack.mon.c
 *
 * Key modernizations: ANSI C function signatures
 */

#include "hack.h"
#include "hack.mfndpos.h"

#ifndef NULL
#define NULL (char *)0
#endif

extern struct monst *makemon();
/* extern struct obj *mkobj_at(); - declared below with proper signature */

/* Forward declarations for functions not yet prototyped in hack.h */
extern void charcat(char *s, char c);
extern int getwn(struct monst *mtmp);
extern void initworm(struct monst *mtmp);
extern int fightm(struct monst *mtmp);
/* wipe_engr_at() and sengr_at() now declared in hack.h */
extern int mhitu(struct monst *mtmp);
extern int mintrap(struct monst *mtmp);
extern int dog_move(struct monst *mtmp, int after);
extern int shk_move(struct monst *mtmp);
extern int gd_move(void);
extern void inrange(struct monst *mtmp);
extern coord *gettrack(int x, int y);
extern void mpickobj(struct monst *mtmp, struct obj *otmp);
extern void newsym(int x, int y);
extern int hitmm(struct monst *mtmp1, struct monst *mtmp2);
extern int hitu(struct monst *mtmp, int d);
extern void worm_move(struct monst *mtmp);
extern void worm_nomove(struct monst *mtmp);
extern void freegold(struct gold *gold);
extern void freeobj(struct obj *obj);
extern void shkdead(struct monst *mtmp);
extern void gddead(void);
extern void wormdead(struct monst *mtmp);
extern void replshk(struct monst *old, struct monst *new);
extern void replgd(struct monst *old, struct monst *new);
extern long newuexp(void);
extern void more_experienced(int exp, int rexp);
/* mksobj_at already declared in hack.h with correct signature */
extern void stackobj(struct obj *obj);
extern struct obj *mkobj_at(int let, int x, int y);
/* atl already declared in hack.h with correct signature */
extern void prme(void);
extern int inroom(int x, int y);

/* Forward declarations for functions defined later in this file */
int dochugw(struct monst *mtmp);
int dochug(struct monst *mtmp);
void dmonsfree(void);
void kludge(const char *str, const char *arg);
void relmon(struct monst *mon);
void monfree(struct monst *mtmp);
void unstuck(struct monst *mtmp);
int newcham(struct monst *mtmp, struct permonst *mdat);
int mfndpos(struct monst *mon, coord poss[9], int info[9], int flag);
void mpickgold(struct monst *mtmp);
void mpickgems(struct monst *mtmp);

/* Additional missing function declarations */
extern int online(int x, int y);
extern void losestr(int n);
extern void relobj(struct monst *mtmp, int flag);

int warnlevel; /* used by movemon and dochugw */
long lastwarntime;
int lastwarnlev;
/* MODERN: CONST-CORRECTNESS: warning color strings are read-only */
const char *const warnings[] = {"white", "pink",   "red",
                                "ruby",  "purple", "black"};

void movemon(void) {
  struct monst *mtmp;
  int fr;

  warnlevel = 0;

  while (1) {
    /* find a monster that we haven't treated yet */
    /* note that mtmp or mtmp->nmon might get killed
       while mtmp moves, so we cannot just walk down the
       chain (even new monsters might get created!) */
    for (mtmp = fmon; mtmp; mtmp = mtmp->nmon)
      if (mtmp->mlstmv < moves)
        goto next_mon;
    /* treated all monsters */
    break;

  next_mon:
    mtmp->mlstmv = moves;

    /* most monsters drown in pools */
    {
      boolean inpool, iseel;

      inpool = (levl[(int)mtmp->mx][(int)mtmp->my].typ == POOL);
      iseel = (mtmp->data->mlet == ';');
      if (inpool && !iseel) {
        if (cansee(mtmp->mx, mtmp->my))
          pline("%s drowns.", Monnam(mtmp));
        mondead(mtmp);
        continue;
      }
      /* but eels have a difficult time outside */
      if (iseel && !inpool) {
        if (mtmp->mhp > 1)
          mtmp->mhp--;
        mtmp->mflee = 1;
        mtmp->mfleetim += 2;
      }
    }
    if (mtmp->mblinded && !--mtmp->mblinded)
      mtmp->mcansee = 1;
    if (mtmp->mfleetim && !--mtmp->mfleetim)
      mtmp->mflee = 0;
    if (mtmp->mimic)
      continue;
    if (mtmp->mspeed != MSLOW || !(moves % 2)) {
      /* continue if the monster died fighting */
      fr = -1;
      if (Conflict && cansee(mtmp->mx, mtmp->my) && (fr = fightm(mtmp)) == 2)
        continue;
      if (fr < 0 && dochugw(mtmp))
        continue;
    }
    if (mtmp->mspeed == MFAST && dochugw(mtmp))
      continue;
  }

  /* IMPORTANT NOTE: when enabling the modern code below (bounds check) it
   allows a warning message to appear without a ring of warning indicating a
   possible default mechanic that has been silienced since v1.0 and carried
   over. I will continue
   to investigate and decide on the approptiate course of action.*/
  warnlevel -= u.ulevel;
  if (warnlevel >= SIZE(warnings))
    warnlevel = SIZE(warnings) - 1;
  if (warnlevel >= 0)
    if (warnlevel > lastwarnlev || moves > lastwarntime + 5) {
      const char *rr; /* MODERN: const because assigned string literals */
      /* MODERN: Defensive bounds check for array access while preserving game
       * logic */
      // int display_level = (warnlevel < 0) ? 0 : warnlevel;
      // if (warnlevel < 0) /* MODERN: prevent negative array index */
      //     warnlevel = 0;
      switch (Warning & (LEFT_RING | RIGHT_RING)) {
      case LEFT_RING:
        rr = "Your left ring glows";
        break;
      case RIGHT_RING:
        rr = "Your right ring glows";
        break;
      case LEFT_RING | RIGHT_RING:
        rr = "Both your rings glow";
        break;
      default:
        rr = "Your fingertips glow";
        break;
      }
      pline("%s %s!", rr, warnings[warnlevel]);
      lastwarntime = moves;
      lastwarnlev = warnlevel;
    }

  dmonsfree(); /* remove all dead monsters */
}

void justswld(struct monst *mtmp,
              const char *name) /* MODERN: const because name is read-only */
{

  mtmp->mx = u.ux;
  mtmp->my = u.uy;
  u.ustuck = mtmp;
  pmon(mtmp);
  kludge("%s swallows you!", name);
  more();
  seeoff(1);
  u.uswallow = 1;
  u.uswldtim = 0;
  swallowed();
}

void youswld(struct monst *mtmp, int dam, int die,
             const char *name) /* MODERN: const because name is read-only */
{
  if (mtmp != u.ustuck)
    return;
  kludge("%s digests you!", name);
  u.uhp -= dam;
  if ((int)u.uswldtim++ >= die) { /* a3 */ /* Cast to fix sign comparison */
    pline("It totally digests you!");
    u.uhp = -1;
  }
  if (u.uhp < 1)
    done_in_by(mtmp);
  /* flags.botlx = 1; */ /* should we show status line ? */
}

int dochugw(struct monst *mtmp) {
  int x = mtmp->mx;
  int y = mtmp->my;
  int d = dochug(mtmp);
  int dd;
  if (!d) /* monster still alive */
    if (Warning)
      if (!mtmp->mpeaceful)
        if (mtmp->data->mlevel > warnlevel)
          if ((dd = dist(mtmp->mx, mtmp->my)) < dist(x, y))
            if (dd < 100)
              if (!canseemon(mtmp))
                warnlevel = mtmp->data->mlevel;
  return (d);
}

/* returns 1 if monster died moving, 0 otherwise */
int dochug(struct monst *mtmp) {
  struct permonst *mdat;
  int tmp = 0, nearby = 0,
      scared = 0; /* MODERN: Initialize to prevent Valgrind warnings */

  if (mtmp->cham && !rn2(6))
    (void)newcham(mtmp, &mons[dlevel + 14 + rn2(CMNUM - 14 - dlevel)]);
  mdat = mtmp->data;
  if (mdat->mlevel < 0)
    panic("bad monster %c (%d)", mdat->mlet, mdat->mlevel);

  /* regenerate monsters */
  if ((!(moves % 20) || index(MREGEN, mdat->mlet)) && mtmp->mhp < mtmp->mhpmax)
    mtmp->mhp++;

  if (mtmp->mfroz)
    return (0); /* frozen monsters don't do anything */

  if (mtmp->msleep) {
    /* wake up, or get out of here. */
    /* ettins are hard to surprise */
    /* Nymphs and Leprechauns do not easily wake up */
    if (cansee(mtmp->mx, mtmp->my) &&
        (!Stealth || (mdat->mlet == 'e' && rn2(10))) &&
        (!index("NL", mdat->mlet) || !rn2(50)) &&
        (Aggravate_monster || index("d1", mdat->mlet) ||
         (!rn2(7) && !mtmp->mimic)))
      mtmp->msleep = 0;
    else
      return (0);
  }

  /* not frozen or sleeping: wipe out texts written in the dust */
  wipe_engr_at(mtmp->mx, mtmp->my, 1);

  /* confused monsters get unconfused with small probability */
  if (mtmp->mconf && !rn2(50))
    mtmp->mconf = 0;

  /* some monsters teleport */
  if (mtmp->mflee && index("tNL", mdat->mlet) && !rn2(40)) {
    rloc(mtmp);
    return (0);
  }
  if (mdat->mmove < rnd(6))
    return (0);

  /* fleeing monsters might regain courage */
  if (mtmp->mflee && !mtmp->mfleetim && mtmp->mhp == mtmp->mhpmax && !rn2(25))
    mtmp->mflee = 0;

  nearby = (dist(mtmp->mx, mtmp->my) < 3);
  scared = (nearby && (sengr_at("Elbereth", u.ux, u.uy) ||
                       sobj_at(SCR_SCARE_MONSTER, u.ux, u.uy)));
  if (scared && !mtmp->mflee) {
    mtmp->mflee = 1;
    mtmp->mfleetim = (rn2(7) ? rnd(10) : rnd(100));
  }

  if (!nearby || mtmp->mflee || mtmp->mconf || (mtmp->minvis && !rn2(3)) ||
      (index("BIuy", mdat->mlet) && !rn2(4)) ||
      (mdat->mlet == 'L' && !u.ugold && (mtmp->mgold || rn2(2))) ||
      (!mtmp->mcansee && !rn2(4)) || mtmp->mpeaceful) {
    tmp = m_move(mtmp, 0); /* 2: monster died moving */
    if (tmp == 2 || (tmp && mdat->mmove <= 12))
      return (tmp == 2);
  }

  if (!index("Ea", mdat->mlet) && nearby && !mtmp->mpeaceful && u.uhp > 0 &&
      !scared) {
    if (mhitu(mtmp))
      return (1); /* monster died (e.g. 'y' or 'F') */
  }
  /* extra movement for fast monsters */
  if (mdat->mmove - 12 > rnd(12))
    tmp = m_move(mtmp, 1);
  return (tmp == 2);
}

int m_move(struct monst *mtmp, int after) {
  struct monst *mtmp2;
  int nx, ny, omx, omy, appr, nearer, cnt, i, j;
  xchar gx, gy, nix, niy, chcnt;
  schar chi;
  boolean likegold = FALSE, likegems = FALSE,
          likeobjs =
              FALSE; /* MODERN: Initialize to prevent uninitialized use */
  char msym = mtmp->data->mlet;
  schar mmoved = 0; /* not strictly nec.: chi >= 0 will do */
  coord poss[9];
  int info[9];

  if (mtmp->mfroz || mtmp->msleep)
    return (0);
  if (mtmp->mtrapped) {
    i = mintrap(mtmp);
    if (i == 2)
      return (2); /* he died */
    if (i == 1)
      return (0); /* still in trap, so didnt move */
  }
  if (mtmp->mhide && o_at(mtmp->mx, mtmp->my) && rn2(10))
    return (0); /* do not leave hiding place */

#ifndef NOWORM
  if (mtmp->wormno)
    goto not_special;
#endif /* NOWORM */

  /* my dog gets a special treatment */
  if (mtmp->mtame) {
    return (dog_move(mtmp, after));
  }

  /* likewise for shopkeeper */
  if (mtmp->isshk) {
    mmoved = shk_move(mtmp);
    if (mmoved >= 0)
      goto postmov;
    mmoved = 0; /* follow player outside shop */
  }

  /* and for the guard */
  if (mtmp->isgd) {
    mmoved = gd_move();
    goto postmov;
  }

  /* teleport if that lies in our nature ('t') or when badly wounded ('1') */
  if ((msym == 't' && !rn2(5)) ||
      (msym == '1' && (mtmp->mhp < 7 || (!xdnstair && !rn2(5)) ||
                       levl[(int)u.ux][(int)u.uy].typ == STAIRS))) {
    if (mtmp->mhp < 7 || (msym == 't' && rn2(2)))
      rloc(mtmp);
    else
      mnexto(mtmp);
    mmoved = 1;
    goto postmov;
  }

  /* spit fire ('D') or use a wand ('1') when appropriate
   */
  if (index("D1", msym))
    inrange(mtmp);

  if (msym == 'U' && !mtmp->mcan && canseemon(mtmp) && mtmp->mcansee &&
      rn2(5)) {
    if (!Confusion)
      pline("%s's gaze has confused you!", Monnam(mtmp));
    else
      pline("You are getting more and more confused.");
    if (rn2(3))
      mtmp->mcan = 1;
    Confusion += d(3, 4); /* timeout */
  }
not_special:
  if (!mtmp->mflee && u.uswallow && u.ustuck != mtmp)
    return (1);
  appr = 1;
  if (mtmp->mflee)
    appr = -1;
  if (mtmp->mconf || Invis || !mtmp->mcansee || (index("BIy", msym) && !rn2(3)))
    appr = 0;
  omx = mtmp->mx;
  omy = mtmp->my;
  gx = u.ux;
  gy = u.uy;
  if (msym == 'L' && appr == 1 && mtmp->mgold > u.ugold)
    appr = -1;

  /* random criterion for 'smell' or track finding ability
     should use mtmp->msmell or sth
   */
  if (msym == '@' || ('a' <= msym && msym <= 'z')) {
    extern coord *gettrack();
    coord *cp;
    schar mroom;
    mroom = inroom(omx, omy);
    if (mroom < 0 || mroom != inroom(u.ux, u.uy)) {
      cp = gettrack(omx, omy);
      if (cp) {
        gx = cp->x;
        gy = cp->y;
      }
    }
  }

  /* look for gold or jewels nearby */
  likegold = (index("LOD", msym) != NULL);
  likegems = (index("ODu", msym) != NULL);
  likeobjs = mtmp->mhide;
#define SRCHRADIUS 25
  {
    xchar mind = SRCHRADIUS; /* not too far away */
    int dd;
    if (likegold) {
      struct gold *gold;
      for (gold = fgold; gold; gold = gold->ngold)
        if ((dd = DIST(omx, omy, gold->gx, gold->gy)) < mind) {
          mind = dd;
          gx = gold->gx;
          gy = gold->gy;
        }
    }
    if (likegems || likeobjs) {
      struct obj *otmp;
      for (otmp = fobj; otmp; otmp = otmp->nobj)
        if (likeobjs || otmp->olet == GEM_SYM)
          if (msym != 'u' || objects[otmp->otyp].g_val != 0)
            if ((dd = DIST(omx, omy, otmp->ox, otmp->oy)) < mind) {
              mind = dd;
              gx = otmp->ox;
              gy = otmp->oy;
            }
    }
    if (mind < SRCHRADIUS && appr == -1) {
      if (dist(omx, omy) < 10) {
        gx = u.ux;
        gy = u.uy;
      } else
        appr = 1;
    }
  }
  nix = omx;
  niy = omy;
  cnt = mfndpos(mtmp, poss, info,
                msym == 'u'                    ? NOTONL
                : (msym == '@' || msym == '1') ? (ALLOW_SSM | ALLOW_TRAPS)
                : index(UNDEAD, msym)          ? NOGARLIC
                                               : ALLOW_TRAPS);
  /* ALLOW_ROCK for some monsters ? */
  chcnt = 0;
  chi = -1;
  for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
    nx = poss[i].x;
    ny = poss[i].y;
    for (j = 0; j < MTSZ && j < cnt - 1; j++)
      if (nx == mtmp->mtrack[j].x && ny == mtmp->mtrack[j].y)
        if (rn2(4 * (cnt - j)))
          goto nxti;
#ifdef STUPID
    /* some stupid compilers think that this is too complicated */
    {
      int d1 = DIST(nx, ny, gx, gy);
      int d2 = DIST(nix, niy, gx, gy);
      nearer = (d1 < d2);
    }
#else
    nearer = (DIST(nx, ny, gx, gy) < DIST(nix, niy, gx, gy));
#endif /* STUPID */
    if ((appr == 1 && nearer) || (appr == -1 && !nearer) || !mmoved ||
        (!appr && !rn2(++chcnt))) {
      nix = nx;
      niy = ny;
      chi = i;
      mmoved = 1;
    }
  nxti:;
  }
  if (mmoved) {
    if (info[(int)chi] & ALLOW_M) {
      mtmp2 = m_at(nix, niy);
      if (hitmm(mtmp, mtmp2) == 1 && rn2(4) && hitmm(mtmp2, mtmp) == 2)
        return (2);
      return (0);
    }
    if (info[(int)chi] & ALLOW_U) {
      (void)hitu(mtmp, d(mtmp->data->damn, mtmp->data->damd) + 1);
      return (0);
    }
    mtmp->mx = nix;
    mtmp->my = niy;
    for (j = MTSZ - 1; j > 0; j--)
      mtmp->mtrack[j] = mtmp->mtrack[j - 1];
    mtmp->mtrack[0].x = omx;
    mtmp->mtrack[0].y = omy;
#ifndef NOWORM
    if (mtmp->wormno)
      worm_move(mtmp);
#endif /* NOWORM */
  } else {
    if (msym == 'u' && rn2(2)) {
      rloc(mtmp);
      return (0);
    }
#ifndef NOWORM
    if (mtmp->wormno)
      worm_nomove(mtmp);
#endif /* NOWORM */
  }
postmov:
  if (mmoved == 1) {
    if (mintrap(mtmp) == 2) /* he died */
      return (2);
    if (likegold)
      mpickgold(mtmp);
    if (likegems)
      mpickgems(mtmp);
    if (mtmp->mhide)
      mtmp->mundetected = 1;
  }
  pmon(mtmp);
  return (mmoved);
}

void mpickgold(struct monst *mtmp) {
  struct gold *gold;
  while ((gold = g_at(mtmp->mx, mtmp->my))) {
    mtmp->mgold += gold->amount;
    freegold(gold);
    if (levl[(int)mtmp->mx][(int)mtmp->my].scrsym == '$')
      if (levl[(int)mtmp->mx][(int)mtmp->my].scrsym == '$')
        newsym(mtmp->mx, mtmp->my);
  }
}

void mpickgems(struct monst *mtmp) {
  struct obj *otmp;
  for (otmp = fobj; otmp; otmp = otmp->nobj)
    if (otmp->olet == GEM_SYM)
      if (otmp->ox == mtmp->mx && otmp->oy == mtmp->my)
        if (mtmp->data->mlet != 'u' || objects[otmp->otyp].g_val != 0) {
          freeobj(otmp);
          mpickobj(mtmp, otmp);
          if (levl[(int)mtmp->mx][(int)mtmp->my].scrsym == GEM_SYM)
            if (levl[(int)mtmp->mx][(int)mtmp->my].scrsym == GEM_SYM)
              newsym(mtmp->mx, mtmp->my); /* %% */
          return;                         /* pick only one object */
        }
}

/* return number of acceptable neighbour positions */
int mfndpos(struct monst *mon, coord poss[9], int info[9], int flag) {
  int x, y, nx, ny, cnt = 0, ntyp;
  struct monst *mtmp;
  int nowtyp;
  boolean pool;

  x = mon->mx;
  y = mon->my;
  nowtyp = levl[x][y].typ;

  pool = (mon->data->mlet == ';');
nexttry: /* eels prefer the water, but if there is no water nearby,
            they will crawl over land */
  if (mon->mconf) {
    flag |= ALLOW_ALL;
    flag &= ~NOTONL;
  }
  for (nx = x - 1; nx <= x + 1; nx++)
    for (ny = y - 1; ny <= y + 1; ny++)
      if (nx != x || ny != y)
        if (isok(nx, ny))
          if (!IS_ROCK(ntyp = levl[nx][ny].typ))
            if (!(nx != x && ny != y && (nowtyp == DOOR || ntyp == DOOR)))
              if ((ntyp == POOL) == pool) {
                info[cnt] = 0;
                if (nx == u.ux && ny == u.uy) {
                  if (!(flag & ALLOW_U))
                    continue;
                  info[cnt] = ALLOW_U;
                } else if ((mtmp = m_at(nx, ny))) {
                  if (!(flag & ALLOW_M))
                    continue;
                  info[cnt] = ALLOW_M;
                  if (mtmp->mtame) {
                    if (!(flag & ALLOW_TM))
                      continue;
                    info[cnt] |= ALLOW_TM;
                  }
                }
                if (sobj_at(CLOVE_OF_GARLIC, nx, ny)) {
                  if (flag & NOGARLIC)
                    continue;
                  info[cnt] |= NOGARLIC;
                }
                if (sobj_at(SCR_SCARE_MONSTER, nx, ny) ||
                    (!mon->mpeaceful && sengr_at("Elbereth", nx, ny))) {
                  if (!(flag & ALLOW_SSM))
                    continue;
                  info[cnt] |= ALLOW_SSM;
                }
                if (sobj_at(ENORMOUS_ROCK, nx, ny)) {
                  if (!(flag & ALLOW_ROCK))
                    continue;
                  info[cnt] |= ALLOW_ROCK;
                }
                if (!Invis && online(nx, ny)) {
                  if (flag & NOTONL)
                    continue;
                  info[cnt] |= NOTONL;
                }
                /* we cannot avoid traps of an unknown kind */
                {
                  struct trap *ttmp = t_at(nx, ny);
                  int tt;
                  if (ttmp) {
                    tt = 1 << ttmp->ttyp;
                    if (mon->mtrapseen & tt) {
                      if (!(flag & tt))
                        continue;
                      info[cnt] |= tt;
                    }
                  }
                }
                poss[cnt].x = nx;
                poss[cnt].y = ny;
                cnt++;
              }
  if (!cnt && pool && nowtyp != POOL) {
    pool = FALSE;
    goto nexttry;
  }
  return (cnt);
}

int dist(int x, int y) {
  return ((x - u.ux) * (x - u.ux) + (y - u.uy) * (y - u.uy));
}

void poisoned(const char *string, const char *pname) {
  int i;

  if (Blind)
    pline("It was poisoned.");
  else
    pline("The %s was poisoned!", string);
  if (Poison_resistance) {
    pline("The poison doesn't seem to affect you.");
    return;
  }
  i = rn2(10);
  if (i == 0) {
    u.uhp = -1;
    pline("I am afraid the poison was deadly ...");
  } else if (i <= 5) {
    losestr(rn1(3, 3));
  } else {
    losehp(rn1(10, 6), pname);
  }
  if (u.uhp < 1) {
    killer = pname;
    done("died");
  }
}

void mondead(struct monst *mtmp) {
  relobj(mtmp, 1);
  unpmon(mtmp);
  relmon(mtmp);
  unstuck(mtmp);
  if (mtmp->isshk)
    shkdead(mtmp);
  if (mtmp->isgd)
    gddead();
#ifndef NOWORM
  if (mtmp->wormno)
    wormdead(mtmp);
#endif /* NOWORM */
  monfree(mtmp);
}

/* called when monster is moved to larger structure */
void replmon(struct monst *mtmp, struct monst *mtmp2) {
  relmon(mtmp);
  monfree(mtmp);
  mtmp2->nmon = fmon;
  fmon = mtmp2;
  if (u.ustuck == mtmp)
    u.ustuck = mtmp2;
  if (mtmp2->isshk)
    replshk(mtmp, mtmp2);
  if (mtmp2->isgd)
    replgd(mtmp, mtmp2);
}

void relmon(struct monst *mon) {
  struct monst *mtmp;

  if (mon == fmon)
    fmon = fmon->nmon;
  else {
    for (mtmp = fmon; mtmp->nmon != mon; mtmp = mtmp->nmon)
      ;
    mtmp->nmon = mon->nmon;
  }
}

/* we do not free monsters immediately, in order to have their name
   available shortly after their demise */
struct monst *fdmon; /* chain of dead monsters, need not to be saved */

void monfree(struct monst *mtmp) {
  mtmp->nmon = fdmon;
  fdmon = mtmp;
}

void dmonsfree(void) {
  struct monst *mtmp;
  while ((mtmp = fdmon)) {
    fdmon = mtmp->nmon;
    free((char *)mtmp);
  }
}

void unstuck(struct monst *mtmp) {
  if (u.ustuck == mtmp) {
    if (u.uswallow) {
      u.ux = mtmp->mx;
      u.uy = mtmp->my;
      u.uswallow = 0;
      setsee();
      docrt();
    }
    u.ustuck = 0;
  }
}

void killed(struct monst *mtmp) {
#ifdef lint
#define NEW_SCORING
#endif /* lint */
  int tmp, tmp2, nk, x, y;
  (void)tmp2; /* Original 1984: used in NEW_SCORING (lint mode only) */
  struct permonst *mdat;
  extern long newuexp();

  if (mtmp->cham)
    mtmp->data = PM_CHAMELEON;
  mdat = mtmp->data;
  if (Blind)
    pline("You destroy it!");
  else {
    pline("You destroy %s!",
          mtmp->mtame ? amonnam(mtmp, "poor") : monnam(mtmp));
  }
  if (u.umconf) {
    if (!Blind)
      pline("Your hands stop glowing blue.");
    u.umconf = 0;
  }

  /* count killed monsters */
#define MAXMONNO 100
  nk = 1;            /* in case we cannot find it in mons */
  tmp = mdat - mons; /* index in mons array (if not 'd', '@', ...) */
  if (tmp >= 0 && tmp < CMNUM + 2) {
    extern char fut_geno[];
    u.nr_killed[tmp]++;
    if ((nk = u.nr_killed[tmp]) > MAXMONNO && !index(fut_geno, mdat->mlet))
      charcat(fut_geno, mdat->mlet);
  }

  /* punish bad behaviour */
  if (mdat->mlet == '@')
    Telepat = 0, u.uluck -= 2;
  if (mtmp->mpeaceful || mtmp->mtame)
    u.uluck--;
  if (mdat->mlet == 'u')
    u.uluck -= 5;
  if ((int)u.uluck < LUCKMIN)
    u.uluck = LUCKMIN;

  /* give experience points */
  tmp = 1 + mdat->mlevel * mdat->mlevel;
  if (mdat->ac < 3)
    tmp += 2 * (7 - mdat->ac);
  if (index("AcsSDXaeRTVWU&In:P", mdat->mlet))
    tmp += 2 * mdat->mlevel;
  if (index("DeV&P", mdat->mlet))
    tmp += (7 * mdat->mlevel);
  if (mdat->mlevel > 6)
    tmp += 50;
  if (mdat->mlet == ';')
    tmp += 1000;

#ifdef NEW_SCORING
  /* ------- recent addition: make nr of points decrease
             when this is not the first of this kind */
  {
    int ul = u.ulevel;
    int ml = mdat->mlevel;

    if (ul < 14) /* points are given based on present and future level */
      for (tmp2 = 0; !tmp2 || ul + tmp2 <= ml; tmp2++)
        if (u.uexp + 1 + (tmp + ((tmp2 <= 0) ? 0 : 4 << (tmp2 - 1))) / nk >=
            10 * pow((unsigned)(ul - 1)))
          if (++ul == 14)
            break;

    tmp2 = ml - ul - 1;
    tmp = (tmp + ((tmp2 < 0) ? 0 : 4 << tmp2)) / nk;
    if (!tmp)
      tmp = 1;
  }
  /* note: ul is not necessarily the future value of u.ulevel */
  /* ------- end of recent valuation change ------- */
#endif /* NEW_SCORING */

  more_experienced(tmp, 0);
  flags.botl = 1;
  while (u.ulevel < 14 && u.uexp >= newuexp()) {
    pline("Welcome to experience level %u.", ++u.ulevel);
    tmp = rnd(10);
    if (tmp < 3)
      tmp = rnd(10);
    u.uhpmax += tmp;
    u.uhp += tmp;
    flags.botl = 1;
  }

  /* dispose of monster and make cadaver */
  x = mtmp->mx;
  y = mtmp->my;
  mondead(mtmp);
  tmp = mdat->mlet;
  if (tmp == 'm') { /* he killed a minotaur, give him a wand of digging */
                    /* note: the dead minotaur will be on top of it! */
    mksobj_at(WAN_DIGGING, x, y);
    /* if(cansee(x,y)) atl(x,y,fobj->olet); */
    stackobj(fobj);
  } else
#ifndef NOWORM
      if (tmp == 'w') {
    mksobj_at(WORM_TOOTH, x, y);
    stackobj(fobj);
  } else
#endif /* NOWORM */
    if (!letter(tmp) || (!index("mw", tmp) && !rn2(3)))
      tmp = 0;

  if (ACCESSIBLE(levl[x][y].typ)) /* might be mimic in wall or dead eel*/
    if (x != u.ux || y != u.uy)   /* might be here after swallowed */
      if (index("NTVm&", mdat->mlet) || rn2(5)) {
        struct obj *obj2 = mkobj_at(tmp, x, y);
        if (cansee(x, y))
          atl(x, y, obj2->olet);
        stackobj(obj2);
      }
}

void
/**
 * MODERN ADDITION (2025): const-qualified parameters
 * 
 * WHY: Function receives read-only string parameters
 * HOW: Changed char* to const char* for str and arg parameters  
 * 
 * PRESERVES: All original monster interaction message functionality
 * ADDS: Type safety for string literal arguments
 */
kludge(const char *str, const char *arg)
{
  if (Blind) {
    if (*str == '%')
      pline(str, "It");
    else
      pline(str, "it");
  } else
    pline(str, arg);
}

void rescham(void) /* force all chameleons to become normal */
{
  struct monst *mtmp;

  for (mtmp = fmon; mtmp; mtmp = mtmp->nmon)
    if (mtmp->cham) {
      mtmp->cham = 0;
      (void)newcham(mtmp, PM_CHAMELEON);
    }
}

int newcham(
    struct monst *mtmp,
    struct permonst *mdat) /* make a chameleon look like a new monster */
                           /* returns 1 if the monster actually changed */
{
  int mhp, hpn, hpd;

  if (mdat == mtmp->data)
    return (0); /* still the same monster */
#ifndef NOWORM
  if (mtmp->wormno)
    wormdead(mtmp); /* throw tail away */
#endif              /* NOWORM */
  if (u.ustuck == mtmp) {
    if (u.uswallow) {
      u.uswallow = 0;
      u.uswldtim = 0;
      mnexto(mtmp);
      docrt();
      prme();
    }
    u.ustuck = 0;
  }
  hpn = mtmp->mhp;
  hpd = (mtmp->data->mlevel) * 8;
  if (!hpd)
    hpd = 4;
  mtmp->data = mdat;
  mhp = (mdat->mlevel) * 8;
  /* new hp: same fraction of max as before */
  mtmp->mhp = 2 + (hpn * mhp) / hpd;
  hpn = mtmp->mhpmax;
  mtmp->mhpmax = 2 + (hpn * mhp) / hpd;
  mtmp->minvis = (mdat->mlet == 'I') ? 1 : 0;
#ifndef NOWORM
  if (mdat->mlet == 'w' && getwn(mtmp))
    initworm(mtmp);
  /* perhaps we should clear mtmp->mtame here? */
#endif          /* NOWORM */
  unpmon(mtmp); /* necessary for 'I' and to force pmon */
  pmon(mtmp);
  return (1);
}

void mnexto(
    struct monst *mtmp) /* Make monster mtmp next to you (if possible) */
{
  coord mm;
  mm = enexto(u.ux, u.uy);
  mtmp->mx = mm.x;
  mtmp->my = mm.y;
  pmon(mtmp);
}

int ishuman(struct monst *mtmp) { return (mtmp->data->mlet == '@'); }

void setmangry(struct monst *mtmp) {
  if (!mtmp->mpeaceful)
    return;
  if (mtmp->mtame)
    return;
  mtmp->mpeaceful = 0;
  if (ishuman(mtmp))
    pline("%s gets angry!", Monnam(mtmp));
}

/* not one hundred procent correct: now a snake may hide under an
   invisible object */
int canseemon(struct monst *mtmp) {
  return ((!mtmp->minvis || See_invisible) &&
          (!mtmp->mhide || !o_at(mtmp->mx, mtmp->my)) &&
          cansee(mtmp->mx, mtmp->my));
}