Adds fine tuning contrib example (#667)

* Adds fine tuning contrib example

This module shows how one can perform fine tuning using
Hamilton. It is a basic example using the transformers
library that connects to huggingface to pull and fine tune
a FLAN model.

One should be able to adapt this code to their needs.

* Updates to PR from feedback.

* Adds extra comments for first tokenization functions

* Updates docker file comment

So that people know to change it to match
their dataset.

* Bumps version to get 0.0.7 out

With latest contrib additions.

Author: skrawcz

contrib/hamilton/contrib/user/skrawcz/fine_tuning/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+FROM python:3.10-slim-bullseye
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# install graphviz backend
+RUN apt-get update \
+    && apt-get autoremove -yqq --purge \
+    && apt-get clean \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+COPY requirements.txt .
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+# change this to your data set if you want to load
+# it into the container
+COPY example-support-dataset.json .
+
+COPY . .
+
+EXPOSE 8080:8080
+
+# run the module
+CMD python __init__.py

contrib/hamilton/contrib/user/skrawcz/fine_tuning/README.md

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+# Purpose of this module
+This module shows you how to fine-tune an LLM model. This code is inspired by this [fine-tuning code](https://github.com/dagster-io/dagster_llm_finetune/tree/main).
+
+Specifically the code here, shows Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) for dialogue. This approach instructs the model to be more
+useful to directly respond to a question, rather than optimizing over an entire dialogue. SFT is the most common type of fine-tuning,
+as the other two options, Pre-training for Completion, and RLHF, required more to work. Pre-training requires more computational power,
+while RLHF requires higher-quality dialogue data.
+
+This code should work on a regular CPU (in a docker container), which will allow you to test out the code locally without
+any additional setup. This specific approach this code uses is [LoRA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.09685) (low-rank adaptation of large language models), which
+means that only a subset of the LLM's parameters are tweaked and prevents over-fitting.
+
+Note: if you have issues running this on MacOS, reach out, we might be able to help.
+
+## What is fine-tuning?
+Fine-tuning is when a pre-trained model, in this context a foundational model, is customized using additional data to
+adjust its responses for a specific task. This is a good way to adjust an off-the-shelf, i.e. pretrained model, to provide
+more responses that are more contextually relevant to your use case.
+
+## FLAN LLM
+This example is based on using [Google's Fine-tuned LAnguage Net (FLAN) models hosted on HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/flan-t5).
+The larger the model, the longer it will take to fine-tune, and the more memory you'll need for it. The code
+here by default (which you can easily change) is set up to run on docker using the smallest FLAN model.
+
+## What type of functionality is in this module?
+
+The module uses libraries such as numpy, pandas, plotly, torch, sklearn, peft, evaluate, datasets, and transformers.
+
+It shows a basic process of:
+
+a. Loading data and tokenizing it and setting up some tokenization parameters.
+
+b. Splitting data into training, validation, and hold out sets.
+
+c. Fine-tuning the model using LoRA.
+
+d. Evaluating the fine-tuned model using the [rouge metric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROUGE_(metric)).
+
+You should be able to read the module top to bottom which corresponds roughly to the order of execution.
+
+## How might I use this module?
+To use this module you'll need to do the following:
+
+- Data. The data set should be list of JSON objects, where each entry in the list is an object that has the "question" and
+and also the "answer" to that question. You will provide the name of the keys for these fields as input to run the code.
+e.g. you should be able to do `json.load(f)` and it would return a list of dictionaries, e.g. something like this:
+
+```python
+[
+    {
+        "question": "What is the meaning of life?",
+        "reply": "42"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "What is Hamilton?",
+        "reply": "..."
+    },
+    ...
+]
+```
+
+You would then pass in as _inputs_ to execution `"data_path"=PATH_TO_THIS_FILE` as well as `"input_text_key"="question"` and `"output_text_key"="reply"`.
+- Instantiate the driver. Use `{"start": "base"}` as configuration to run with to use a raw base LLM to finetune.
+- Pick your LLM. `model_id_tokenizer="google/mt5-small"` is the default, but you can change it to any of the models
+that the transformers library supports for `AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM` models.
+- Run the code.
+
+```python
+# instantiate the driver with this module however you want
+result = dr.execute(
+    [ # some suggested outputs
+        "save_best_models",
+        "hold_out_set_predictions",
+        "training_and_validation_set_metrics",
+        "finetuned_model_on_validation_set",
+    ],
+    inputs={
+        "data_path": "example-support-dataset.json", # the path to your dataset
+        "input_text_key": "question",  # the key in the json object that has the input text
+        "output_text_key": "gpt4_replies_target", # the key in the json object that has the target output text
+    },
+)
+```
+
+### Running the code in a docker container
+The easiest way to run this code is to use a docker container, unless you have experience with
+GPUs. After writing a module that uses the code here, e.g. `YOUR_RUN_FILE.py`, you can create a dockerfile
+that looks like this to then execute your fine-tuning code. Note, replace `example-support-dataset.json` with
+your dataset that you want to fine-tune on.
+
+```docker
+FROM python:3.10-slim-bullseye
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# install graphviz backend
+RUN apt-get update \
+    && apt-get autoremove -yqq --purge \
+    && apt-get clean \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+COPY requirements.txt .
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+# change this to your data set if you want to load
+# it into the container
+COPY example-support-dataset.json .
+
+COPY . .
+
+EXPOSE 8080:8080
+
+# run the code that you wrote that invokes this module
+CMD python YOUR_RUN_FILE.py
+```
+Then to run this it's just:
+```bash
+docker build -t YOUR_IMAGE_NAME .
+docker run YOUR_IMAGE_NAME
+```
+
+# Configuration Options
+ - `{"start": "base"}` Suggested configuration to run with to use a raw base LLM to finetune.
+ - `{"start":  "presaved"}` Use this if you want to load an already fine-tuned model and then just eval it.
+
+# Limitations
+The code here will likely not solve all your LLM troubles,
+but it can show you how to fine-tune an LLM using parameter-efficient techniques such as LoRA.
+
+This code is currently set up to work with dataset and transformer libraries. It could be modified to work with other libraries.
+
+The code here is all in a single module, it could be split out to be more modular, e.g. data loading vs tokenization vs
+finetuning vs evaluation.