diff --git a/tracer/src/Datadog.Trace/RuntimeMetrics/TotalProcessorCount.cs b/tracer/src/Datadog.Trace/RuntimeMetrics/TotalProcessorCount.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4a09d696ddf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tracer/src/Datadog.Trace/RuntimeMetrics/TotalProcessorCount.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+// <copyright file="TotalProcessorCount.cs" company="Datadog">
+// Unless explicitly stated otherwise all files in this repository are licensed under the Apache 2 License.
+// This product includes software developed at Datadog (https://www.datadoghq.com/). Copyright 2017 Datadog, Inc.
+// </copyright>
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+
+#nullable enable
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using Datadog.Trace.Logging;
+using Datadog.Trace.SourceGenerators;
+
+namespace Datadog.Trace.RuntimeMetrics;
+
+internal static class TotalProcessorCount
+{
+    private static readonly Lazy<int?> LazyValue = new(GetTotalProcessorCount);
+    private static readonly IDatadogLogger Log = DatadogLogging.GetLoggerFor(typeof(TotalProcessorCount));
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the total number of logical processors on the host machine. Differs from
+    /// <see cref="Environment.ProcessorCount"/> (which includes cgroup/container CPU limits
+    /// and process affinity). Mirrors the GC's own GCToOSInterface::GetTotalProcessorCount()
+    /// </summary>
+    public static int? Value => LazyValue.Value;
+
+    [TestingAndPrivateOnly]
+    internal static int? GetTotalProcessorCount()
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            return WindowsProcessorCount.GetTotalProcessorCount();
+        }
+
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+        {
+            return LinuxProcessorCount.GetTotalProcessorCount();
+        }
+
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
+        {
+            return MacOsProcessorCount.GetTotalProcessorCount();
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    internal static class WindowsProcessorCount
+    {
+        private const ushort AllProcessorGroups = 0xFFFF;
+
+        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+        private static extern int GetActiveProcessorCount(ushort groupNumber);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the total number of logical processors on a Windows host via <c>GetActiveProcessorCount</c>,
+        /// counting active processors across all processor groups and ignoring process affinity and Job Object
+        /// CPU limits (the container-CPU-cap mechanism on Windows).
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static int? GetTotalProcessorCount()
+        {
+            var result = GetActiveProcessorCount(AllProcessorGroups);
+            if (result > 0)
+            {
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            var error = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
+            Log.Warning(
+                "GetActiveProcessorCount failed when getting total machine processor count. ErrorCode={ErrorCode}",
+                property: error);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal static class LinuxProcessorCount
+    {
+        private const string OnlineCpusPath = "/sys/devices/system/cpu/online";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the total number of logical processors on a Linux host by reading the online-CPU range
+        /// reported by the kernel, the same source <c>sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN)</c> itself reads, and unaffected
+        /// by cgroup CPU quotas. Avoids P/Invoking into libc, which fails to resolve on musl-based images (e.g. Alpine).
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static int? GetTotalProcessorCount()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                var contents = File.ReadAllText(OnlineCpusPath);
+                return TryParseOnlineCpuRanges(contents.AsSpan());
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                Log.Warning(ex, "Error reading {Path} to determine total machine processor count", OnlineCpusPath);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Parses the Linux cpu-list-format (see Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt)
+        // comma-separated list of either a single CPU index ("0") or an inclusive range ("0-7"), e.g. "0-3,8-11".
+        [TestingAndPrivateOnly]
+        internal static int? TryParseOnlineCpuRanges(ReadOnlySpan<char> contents)
+        {
+            var trimmed = contents.Trim();
+            if (trimmed.IsEmpty)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var count = 0;
+            var remaining = trimmed;
+            while (!remaining.IsEmpty)
+            {
+                var commaIndex = remaining.IndexOf(',');
+                var token = commaIndex < 0 ? remaining : remaining[..commaIndex];
+
+                if (!TryParseToken(token, out var tokenCount))
+                {
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+                count += tokenCount;
+
+                if (commaIndex < 0)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                remaining = remaining[(commaIndex + 1)..];
+                if (remaining.IsEmpty)
+                {
+                    // trailing comma with no following token
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return count > 0 ? count : null;
+
+            static bool TryParseToken(ReadOnlySpan<char> token, out int tokenCount)
+            {
+                tokenCount = 0;
+
+                var dashIndex = token.IndexOf('-');
+                if (dashIndex < 0)
+                {
+                    if (!int.TryParse(token, out var single) || single < 0)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    tokenCount = 1;
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                var startSpan = token[..dashIndex];
+                var endSpan = token[(dashIndex + 1)..];
+
+                if (!int.TryParse(startSpan, out var start) || start < 0 ||
+                    !int.TryParse(endSpan, out var end) || end < start)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                tokenCount = end - start + 1;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal static class MacOsProcessorCount
+    {
+        private const string LogicalCpuName = "hw.logicalcpu";
+
+        [DllImport("libSystem.dylib", EntryPoint = "sysctlbyname", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError = true)]
+        private static extern int SysCtlByName(string name, out int oldp, ref IntPtr oldlenp, IntPtr newp, IntPtr newlen);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the total number of logical processors on a macOS host via <c>sysctlbyname("hw.logicalcpu", ...)</c>,
+        /// the standard, stable way to query total logical CPUs on macOS.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static int? GetTotalProcessorCount()
+        {
+            var size = new IntPtr(sizeof(int));
+            var result = SysCtlByName(LogicalCpuName, out var value, ref size, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero);
+            if (result == 0 && value > 0)
+            {
+                return value;
+            }
+
+            var error = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
+            Log.Warning(
+                "sysctlbyname failed when getting total machine processor count. ErrorCode={ErrorCode}",
+                property: error);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/tracer/test/Datadog.Trace.Tests/RuntimeMetrics/TotalProcessorCountTests.cs b/tracer/test/Datadog.Trace.Tests/RuntimeMetrics/TotalProcessorCountTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6be728c3650e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tracer/test/Datadog.Trace.Tests/RuntimeMetrics/TotalProcessorCountTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// <copyright file="TotalProcessorCountTests.cs" company="Datadog">
+// Unless explicitly stated otherwise all files in this repository are licensed under the Apache 2 License.
+// This product includes software developed at Datadog (https://www.datadoghq.com/). Copyright 2017 Datadog, Inc.
+// </copyright>
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+
+#nullable enable
+
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using Datadog.Trace.RuntimeMetrics;
+using Datadog.Trace.TestHelpers;
+using FluentAssertions;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Datadog.Trace.Tests.RuntimeMetrics;
+
+public class TotalProcessorCountTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void Value_IsPositive()
+    {
+        TotalProcessorCount.Value.Should().BePositive();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Value_IsStableAcrossCalls()
+    {
+        var first = TotalProcessorCount.Value;
+        var second = TotalProcessorCount.Value;
+
+        second.Should().Be(first);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Resolve_NeverThrows_AndReturnsPositive()
+    {
+        var result = TotalProcessorCount.GetTotalProcessorCount();
+
+        result.Should().BePositive();
+    }
+
+    [SkippableFact]
+    public void GetTotalProcessorCount_ReturnsExpectedValueInCI()
+    {
+        // NOTE: this test will fail locally unless you happen to happen to have 4 logical processors!
+        var result = TotalProcessorCount.GetTotalProcessorCount();
+
+        // All CI machines currently have 4 CPUs, but that won't always be the case, so update this test as appropriate!
+        const int expectedCpus = 4;
+        result.Should().Be(expectedCpus);
+    }
+
+    [SkippableFact]
+    public void GetTotalProcessorCount_OnWindows_SucceedsAndReturnsPositive()
+    {
+        SkipOn.AllExcept(SkipOn.PlatformValue.Windows);
+
+        var result = TotalProcessorCount.WindowsProcessorCount.GetTotalProcessorCount();
+
+        result.Should().BePositive();
+    }
+
+    [SkippableFact]
+    public void Linux_GetTotalProcessorCount_SucceedsAndReturnsPositive()
+    {
+        SkipOn.AllExcept(SkipOn.PlatformValue.Linux);
+
+        var result = TotalProcessorCount.LinuxProcessorCount.GetTotalProcessorCount();
+
+        result.Should().BePositive();
+    }
+
+    [SkippableFact]
+    public void MacOs_GetTotalProcessorCount_SucceedsAndReturnsPositive()
+    {
+        SkipOn.AllExcept(SkipOn.PlatformValue.MacOs);
+
+        var result = TotalProcessorCount.MacOsProcessorCount.GetTotalProcessorCount();
+
+        result.Should().BePositive();
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("", null)]
+    [InlineData("   ", null)]
+    [InlineData("\n", null)]
+    [InlineData("0", 1)]
+    [InlineData("0-7", 8)]
+    [InlineData("0-3,8-11", 8)]
+    [InlineData("0,2,4", 3)]
+    [InlineData("0-3,5,7-8", 7)]
+    [InlineData("0-7\n", 8)]
+    [InlineData("  0-7  ", 8)]
+    [InlineData("0-7,", null)]
+    [InlineData("abc", null)]
+    [InlineData("7-3", null)]
+    [InlineData("-1-3", null)]
+    [InlineData("0--3", null)]
+    public void Linux_TryParseOnlineCpuRanges_ResolvesExpectedValue(string contents, int? expectedCount)
+    {
+        var result = TotalProcessorCount.LinuxProcessorCount.TryParseOnlineCpuRanges(contents.AsSpan());
+
+        result.Should().Be(expectedCount);
+    }
+}
+#endif