-orographic gravity wave drag (oGWD, Xie et al.,2020)[@xie_an_2020], flow-blocking drag (FBD, Xie et al.,2020)[@xie_an_2020], small-scale GWD (sGWD, Tsiringakis et al.,2017)[@tsiringakis_small_2020], and turbulent-scale orographic form drag (TOFD, Beljaars et al., 2004)[@beljaars_a_2020]. The oGWD and TOFD schemes are used to replace the default oGWD (McFarlane, 1987)[@mcfarlane_the_1987] and Turbulent Mountain Stress (TMS, documented on Richter et al., 2010)[@richter_the_2010] module in EAM, while the FBD and sGWD are added enhanced drag schemes. Each of the schemes are used to predict and add enhanced drags from surface to high level that would help decelerate the wind especially over the mountainous regions among the globe. The oGWD, FBD, and sGWD are implemented in gw_drag.F90, while TOFD is implemented in clubb_intr.F90 to join the vertical diffusion process. There are also new topographic parameters (orographic asymmetry [OA], orographic convexity [OC], effective orographic length [OL]) are input into the model for the new oGWD and FBD scheme implmented. The conceptual location of each scheme is illustrate below.
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