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1822 lines (1339 loc) · 68.6 KB
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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 3.9.0">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="keywords" content="树莓派pcf8591AD转换模块使用, IT学习">
<meta name="description" content=" &#x6811;&#x8393;">
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<title>树莓派pcf8591AD转换模块使用 | IT学习</title>
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<span class="fv_letter"><br><br><br>t</span>
<div>
</div>
<script src="/libs/jquery/jquery-2.2.0.min.js"></script>
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<script>
var _hmt = _hmt || [];
(function() {
var hm = document.createElement("script");
hm.src = "https://hm.baidu.com/hm.js?cc6f0804a30e83a31b6140fbfab1897b";
var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s);
})();
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var bp = document.createElement('script');
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if (curProtocol === 'https'){
bp.src = 'https://zz.bdstatic.com/linksubmit/push.js';
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else{
bp.src = 'http://push.zhanzhang.baidu.com/push.js';
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</div></div></head>
<body>
<style>
@media only screen and (max-width: 422px){
nav .brand-logo {left: 41%;}
nav a {margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;}
nav ul a {padding: 0px;}
.bg-cover .title{fone-size:3rem;}
}
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<img src="/medias/logo.png" class="logo-img" alt="LOGO">
<span class="logo-span">IT学习</span>
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有事多研究 没事多琢磨
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<a href="/tags" class="waves-effect waves-light">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-tags"></i>
标签
</a>
</li>
<li class="m-nav-item">
<a href="/categories" class="waves-effect waves-light">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-bookmark"></i>
分类
</a>
</li>
<li class="m-nav-item">
<a href="/archives" class="waves-effect waves-light">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-archive"></i>
归档
</a>
</li>
<li class="m-nav-item">
<a href="javascript:;">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-user-circle-o"></i>
关于
<span class="m-icon"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></span>
</a>
<ul >
<li>
<a href="/about " style="margin-left:75px";>
<i class="fa fa-user-circle-o" style="position: absolute;left:50px" ></i>
<span>自我介绍</span>
</a>
</li>
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<i class="fa fa-github" style="position: absolute;left:50px" ></i>
<span>Github</span>
</a>
</li>
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<i class="fa fa-fw fa-paper-plane-o"></i>
留言板
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<a href="/friends" class="waves-effect waves-light">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-address-book"></i>
友情链接
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<head><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 3.9.0">
<style>
*{
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
#canvas111{
position: fixed;
background: #ccc;
overflow: auto;
z-index: -1;
}
</style>
<canvas id="canvas111"></canvas>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/prism-tomorrow.css" type="text/css"></head>
<body>
</body>
<script>
window.requestAnimationFrame = (function(){
return window.requestAnimationFrame ||
window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame ||
window.mozRequestAnimationFrame ||
function( callback ){
window.setTimeout( callback, 1000/2 );
};
})();
var myCanvas = document.getElementById("canvas111");
var ctx = myCanvas.getContext("2d");//getContext 设置画笔
var num;
var w,h;
var duixiang = [];
var move = {};
function widthheight(){
w = myCanvas.width = window.innerWidth;
h = myCanvas.height = window.innerHeight;
num= Math.floor(w*h*0.0001);
for(var i = 0;i < num;i++){
duixiang[i] = {
x:Math.random()*w,
y:Math.random()*h,
cX:Math.random()*0.6-0.3,
cY:Math.random()*0.6-0.3,
R:Math.floor(Math.random()*5)+2,
//CC:Math.floor(Math.random()*3)+2,
r: Math.floor(Math.random() * 254),
g: Math.floor(Math.random() * 254),
b:Math.floor(Math.random() * 254)
}
// console.log(duixiang[i])
Cricle(duixiang[i].x,duixiang[i].y,duixiang[i].R,duixiang[i].r,duixiang[i].g,duixiang[i].b);
//Cricle(duixiang[i].x,duixiang[i].y,duixiang[i].R,duixiang[i].CC);
}
};widthheight();//获取浏览器的等宽度等高
function Cricle(x,y,R,r,g,b){
ctx.save();//保存路径
if(Math.random()>0.991) {ctx.globalAlpha= 0.9;}//ctx.fillStyle = "#CCC";}//填充的背景颜色
else { ctx.globalAlpha=0.47;}
ctx.fillStyle = "rgb("+ r +","+ g +","+ b +")";
ctx.beginPath();//开始绘画
ctx.arc(x,y,R,Math.PI*2,0);//绘画圆 x y 半径（大小） 角度 一个PI 是180 * 2 = 360 真假 0/1 true/false
ctx.closePath();//结束绘画
ctx.fill();//填充背景颜色
ctx.restore();//回复路径
};Cricle();
!function draw(){
ctx.clearRect(0,0,w,h)//先清除画布上的点
for(var i = 0;i < num;i++){
duixiang[i].x += duixiang[i].cX;
duixiang[i].y += duixiang[i].cY;
if(duixiang[i].x>w || duixiang[i].x<0){
duixiang[i].cX = -duixiang[i].cX;
}
if(duixiang[i].y>h || duixiang[i].y<0){
duixiang[i].cY = -duixiang[i].cY;
}
Cricle(duixiang[i].x,duixiang[i].y,duixiang[i].R,duixiang[i].r,duixiang[i].g,duixiang[i].b);
//勾股定理判断两点是否连线
for(var j = i + 1;j < num;j++){
if( (duixiang[i].x-duixiang[j].x)*(duixiang[i].x-duixiang[j].x)+(duixiang[i].y-duixiang[j].y)*(duixiang[i].y-duixiang[j].y) <= 55*55 ){
line(duixiang[i].x,duixiang[i].y,duixiang[j].x,duixiang[j].y,0,i,j)
}
if(move.x){
if( (duixiang[i].x-move.x)*(duixiang[i].x-move.x)+(duixiang[i].y-move.y)*(duixiang[i].y-move.y) <= 100*100 ){
line(duixiang[i].x,duixiang[i].y,move.x,move.y,1,i,1)
}
}
}
}
window.requestAnimationFrame(draw)
}();
//绘制线条
function line(x1,y1,x2,y2,flag,i,j){
if (flag){var color = ctx.createLinearGradient(x1,y1,x2,y2);
ctx.globalAlpha=0.5;
color.addColorStop(0,"rgb("+ duixiang[i].r +","+ duixiang[i].g +","+ duixiang[i].b +")");
color.addColorStop(0.8,"#019ee5");
}
else
{
var color = ctx.createLinearGradient(x1,y1,x2,y2);
ctx.globalAlpha=0.9;
color.addColorStop(0,"rgb("+ duixiang[i].r +","+ duixiang[i].g +","+ duixiang[i].b +")");
color.addColorStop(1,"rgb("+ duixiang[j].r +","+ duixiang[j].g +","+ duixiang[j].b +")");
}
ctx.save();
ctx.strokeStyle = color;
ctx.lineWidth = 0.5;
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(x1,y1);
ctx.lineTo(x2,y2);
ctx.stroke();
//ctx.restore();
}
//document.onmousemove = function(e){
// move.x = e.clientX;
// move.y = e.clientY;
//}
//console.log(move)
/*window.onresize = function(){
location.reload();
}*/
</script>
<style>
#canvas1 {
position: fixed;
pointer-events:none;//鼠标多层响应事件
// background: #ccc;
/*透明度*/
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
// opacity: 0;
overflow: auto;
z-index: 999;
}
</style>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas1" style="whdth: 100%;height: 100%"></canvas>
<script>
var _createClass = function () {function defineProperties(target, props)
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var getRandom = function getRandom(min, max) {
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};
var getRandomInt = function getRandomInt(min, max) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min)) + min;
};
var getRandomColor = function getRandomColor() {
var colors = [
'rgba(231, 76, 60, 1)', // red
'rgba(241, 196, 15, 1)', // yellow
'rgba(46, 204, 113, 1)', // green
'rgba(52, 152, 219, 1)', // blue
'rgba(155, 89, 182, 1)' // purple
];
return colors[getRandomInt(0, colors.length)];
};
// Particle//粒子模块
var
Particle = function () {
function Particle(system, x, y) {_classCallCheck(this, Particle);
this.system = system;
this.universe = this.system.world.universe;
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.color = getRandomColor();
this.life = 1;
this.aging = getRandom(0.990, 0.999); // 0.99, 0.999 || 0.999, 0.9999
this.r = getRandomInt(12, 16);//初始粒子半径范围
this.speed = getRandom(18, 18.5);//粒子爆炸速度范围
this.velocity = [
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if (
this.r < 0.1 ||
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this.y + this.r < 0 ||
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{
this.system.removeObject(this);
}
this.r *= this.life;
this.x += this.velocity[0];
this.y += this.velocity[1];
} }, { key: 'render', value: function render(
ctx) {
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// Aberration//偏差
var offset = this.r * 0.5;
var color = 'rgba(' + g + ', ' + b + ', ' + r + ', 0.5)';
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ctx.fillStyle = color;
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(this.x + offset, this.y + offset, this.r, 0, 2 * Math.PI, false);
ctx.fill();
ctx.closePath();
ctx.globalCompositeOperation = 'source-over';
} }]);return Particle;}();
// Crown //水波纹圈模块
var
Crown = function () {
function Crown(system, x, y) {_classCallCheck(this, Crown);
this.system = system;
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.r = getRandomInt(5, 15); // 5, 20 水波纹圈半径范围
this.mod = 1.1;
this.life = 0.5; //水波纹线
this.aging = getRandom(0.830, 0.899);
this.speed = getRandom(8, 9);
this.color = {
r: getRandomInt(236, 242),
g: getRandomInt(70, 80),
b: getRandomInt(50, 70) };
this.angle1 = Math.PI * getRandom(0, 2);
this.angle2 = this.angle1 + Math.PI * getRandom(0.3, 0.4);//水波纹圈完整度
}_createClass(Crown, [{ key: 'update', value: function update(
dt) {
this.life *= this.aging;
if (this.life <= 0.0001) this.system.removeObject(this);
this.r += Math.abs(1 - this.life) * this.speed;
this.x1 = this.x + this.r * Math.cos(this.angle1);
this.y1 = this.y + this.r * Math.sin(this.angle1);
this.angle3 = this.angle1 + (this.angle2 - this.angle1) / 2;
this.x2 = this.x + this.r * this.mod * Math.cos(this.angle3);
this.y2 = this.y + this.r * this.mod * Math.sin(this.angle3);
} }, { key: 'render', value: function render(
ctx) {
var gradient = ctx.createRadialGradient(
this.x, this.y, this.r * 0.9,
this.x, this.y, this.r);
gradient.addColorStop(0, 'rgba(' + this.color.r + ', ' + this.color.g + ', ' + this.color.b + ', ' + this.life + ')');
gradient.addColorStop(1, 'rgba(' + this.color.r + ', ' + this.color.g + ', ' + this.color.b + ', ' + this.life * 0.5 + ')');
ctx.fillStyle = gradient;
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(this.x, this.y, this.r, this.angle1, this.angle2, false);
ctx.quadraticCurveTo(this.x2, this.y2, this.x1, this.y1);
ctx.fill();
ctx.closePath();
} }]);return Crown;}();
// Explosion //爆炸模块
var
Explosion = function () {
function Explosion(world, x, y) {_classCallCheck(this, Explosion);
this.world = world;
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.objects = [];
var particles = getRandomInt(10, 30); // 10, 30 amount of particles//爆炸 粒子数量
var crowns = particles * getRandom(0.4, 0.5);
while (crowns-- > 0) {this.addCrown();}
while (particles-- > 0) {this.addParticle();}
}_createClass(Explosion, [{ key: 'update', value: function update(
dt) {
this.objects.forEach(function (obj) {
if (obj) obj.update(dt);
});
if (this.objects.length <= 0) {
this.world.clearExplosion(this);
}
} }, { key: 'render', value: function render(
ctx) {
this.objects.forEach(function (obj) {
if (obj) obj.render(ctx);
});
} }, { key: 'addCrown', value: function addCrown()
{
this.objects.push(new Crown(this, this.x, this.y));
} }, { key: 'addParticle', value: function addParticle()
{
this.objects.push(new Particle(this, this.x, this.y));
} }, { key: 'removeObject', value: function removeObject(
obj) {
var index = this.objects.indexOf(obj);
if (index !== -1) {
this.objects.splice(index, 1);
}
} }]);return Explosion;}();
// World
var
ConfettiWorld = function () {function ConfettiWorld()
{_classCallCheck(this, ConfettiWorld);}_createClass(ConfettiWorld, [{ key: 'init', value: function init()
{
this.objects = [];
window.addEventListener('click', this.explode.bind(this));
// Initial explosion //初始爆炸
var counter = 0;
while (counter-- > 0) {
this.explode({
clientX: window.event.clientX, //getRandomInt(10, this.universe.width) , //this.universe.width / 2,
clientY: window.event.clientY //getRandomInt(10, 50) //this.universe.height / 2
});
}
} }, { key: 'update', value: function update(
dt) {
this.objects.forEach(function (obj) {
if (obj) obj.update(dt);
});
var amount = this.objects.reduce(function (sum, explosion) {
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this.objects.forEach(function (obj) {
if (obj) obj.render(ctx);
});
} }, { key: 'explode', value: function explode(
event) {
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var y = event.clientY;
this.objects.push(new Explosion(this, x, y));
} }, { key: 'clearExplosion', value: function clearExplosion(
explosion) {
var index = this.objects.indexOf(explosion);
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this.objects.splice(index, 1);
}
} }]);return ConfettiWorld;}();
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Time = function () {
function Time() {_classCallCheck(this, Time);
this.now = 0; // current tick time
this.prev = 0; // prev tick time
this.elapsed = 0; // elapsed time from last tick
this.delta = 0; // time from last update
this.fps = 60; // desired fps
this.step = 1 / 60; // step duration
}_createClass(Time, [{ key: 'update', value: function update(
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this.elapsed = (this.now - this.prev) / 1000;
this.prev = this.now;
this.delta += this.elapsed;
} }, { key: 'raf', value: function raf(
func) {
window.requestAnimationFrame(func);
} }, { key: 'hasFrames', value: function hasFrames()
{
return this.delta >= this.step;
} }, { key: 'processFrame', value: function processFrame()
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this.delta -= this.step;
} }]);return Time;}();
// Canvas
var
Universe = function () {
function Universe(element) {_classCallCheck(this, Universe);
this.el = element;
this.ctx = this.el.getContext('2d');
this.pixelRatio = window.devicePixelRatio;
this.time = new Time();
this.worlds = {};
this.world = null; // current state
this.updateSize();
window.addEventListener('resize', this.updateSize.bind(this));
this.addWorld('confetti', ConfettiWorld);
this.setWorld('confetti');
this.start();
}_createClass(Universe, [{ key: 'start', value: function start()
{
this.time.raf(this.tick.bind(this));
} }, { key: 'tick', value: function tick(
time) {
this.time.update(time);
if (this.time.hasFrames()) {
this.update();
this.time.processFrame();
}
this.render();
this.time.raf(this.tick.bind(this));
} }, { key: 'update', value: function update()
{
this.world.update(this.time.step);
} }, { key: 'render', value: function render()
{
var gradient = this.ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, this.width, this.height);
// gradient.addColorStop(0, '#34495e');
//gradient.addColorStop(1, '#2c3e50');
this.ctx.clearRect(0, 0, this.width, this.height);
// this.ctx.fillStyle = '#2c3e50'
// //this.ctx.fillStyle = gradient;
// // this.ctx.fillRect(0, 0, this.width, this.height);
this.world.render(this.ctx);
}
// Helpers 库
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{
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this.height = window.innerHeight;
this.el.width = this.width * this.pixelRatio;
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this.ctx.scale(this.pixelRatio, this.pixelRatio);
} }, { key: 'addWorld', value: function addWorld(
worldName, World) {
this.worlds[worldName] = new World();
this.worlds[worldName].universe = this;
this.worlds[worldName].init();
} }, { key: 'setWorld', value: function setWorld(
worldName) {
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树莓派pcf8591AD转换模块使用
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<p></p><p> </p> <h3> 树莓派 pcf8591 AD转换模块使用</h3> <p> </p> <p>因为 项目需要因此要使用 PCF8591 </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><img src="https://uploadfiles.nowcoder.com/images/20190720/683055227_1563577601616_5A2F10B571AD4B7A6665FFBD7D0E0A19" data-original="https://uploadfiles.nowcoder.com/images/20190720/683055227_1563577601616_5A2F10B571AD4B7A6665FFBD7D0E0A19"></p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://uploadfiles.nowcoder.com/images/20190720/683055227_1563577601802_69E61430EA53F0E028F07923F80FA458" data-original="https://uploadfiles.nowcoder.com/images/20190720/683055227_1563577601802_69E61430EA53F0E028F07923F80FA458"></p> <h3>1.准备工具</h3> <blockquote> <p>树莓派pi一个。pcf8591一个。模拟量传感器一个(我这用 热敏电阻当温度计使用)。</p> </blockquote> <h3>2.原理。</h3> <p><span style="color: rgb(51,153,234);">PCF8591 是单片、单电源低功耗8位CMOS数据采集器件，具有4个模拟输入、一个输出和一个行I2C总线接口。</span></p> <p><span style="color: rgb(51,153,234);">3个地址引脚A0、A1和A2用于编程硬件地址，允许将最多8个器件连接至I2C总线而不需要额外硬件。</span></p> <p><span style="color: rgb(51,153,234);">器件的地址、控制和数据通过两线双向I2C总线传输。器件功能包括多路复用模拟输入、片上跟踪和保持功能、</span></p> <p><span style="color: rgb(51,153,234);">8位模数转换和8位数模拟转换。最大转换速率取决于I2C 总线的最高速率。</span></p> <p> </p> <p>【<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41923622/article/details/86104132" target="_blank" rel="noopener">想知道 如何同时使用两片pcf8591 请点击</a>】</p> <p><br> 引脚定义：<br> 本模块左边和右边分别外扩2路排针接口，分别说明如下：<br> 左边 AOUT 芯片DA输出接口<br> AINO 芯片模拟输入接口0 我在使用的时候接的时A0，接的是光敏传感器的AO口；<br> AIN1 芯片模拟输入接口1<br> AIN2 芯片模拟输入接口2<br> AIN3 芯片模拟输入接口3<br> 右边 SCL IIC时钟接口 接树莓派的scl口<br> SDA IIC数字接口 接树莓派的sda口<br> GND 模块地 外接地<br> VCC 电源接口 外接3.3v-5v 我用的是3.3<br> 我用的是pcf8591模块。包含了热敏和光敏电阻。<br> 模块共有3个红色短路帽，分别作用如下：<br> P4 接上P4短路帽，选择热敏电阻接入电路</p> <p>P5 接上P5短路帽，选择光敏电阻接入电路</p> <p>P6 接上P6短路帽，选择0-5V可调电压接入电路</p> <p>模块为下图。</p> <p>下面为芯片引脚定义。</p> <p>(1）、AD的位数：表明这个AD共有2^n个刻度，8位AD，输出的刻度是0~255. 8591就是8为精度的，因此它digtalRead的数据在0-255之间。<br> (2)、分辨率：就是AD能够分辨的最小的模拟量变化，假设5.10V的系统用8位的AD采样，那么它能分辨的最小电压就是5.10/255=0.02V。</p> <p>AD转换的原理简单来理解就是通过电路将非电信号转为电信号，然后通过一个基准电压（PCF8591的基准电压是5V），然后判断这个这个电信号的电压高低，然后得到一个0-255（8位精度）的比值。</p> <p>具体实现： <br> 程序在进行 A/D 读取数据的时候，共使用了两条程序去读了 2 个字节：I2CReadACK(); val = I2CReadNAK(); PCF8591 的转换时钟是 I2C 的 SCL，8 个SCL 周期完成一次转换，所以当前的转换结果总是在下一个字节的 8 个 SCL 上才能读出，因此我们这里第一条语句的作用是产生一个整体的 SCL 时钟提供给 PCF8591 进行 A/D 转换，第二次是读取当前的转换结果。如果我们只使用第二条语句的话，每次读到的都是上一次的转换结果。</p> <p>控制字节的第 0 位和第 1 位就是通道选择位了，00、01、10、11 代表了从 0 到 3 的一共4 个通道选择。<br> 先连接好线</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://uploadfiles.nowcoder.com/images/20190720/683055227_1563577602267_5A2F10B571AD4B7A6665FFBD7D0E0A19" data-original="https://uploadfiles.nowcoder.com/images/20190720/683055227_1563577602267_5A2F10B571AD4B7A6665FFBD7D0E0A19"></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://uploadfiles.nowcoder.com/images/20190720/683055227_1563577602597_5A2F10B571AD4B7A6665FFBD7D0E0A19" data-original="https://uploadfiles.nowcoder.com/images/20190720/683055227_1563577602597_5A2F10B571AD4B7A6665FFBD7D0E0A19"></p> <h3> </h3> <h3>在树莓派上开启SPI和I2C</h3> <p><img src="https://uploadfiles.nowcoder.com/images/20190720/683055227_1563577602933_5A2F10B571AD4B7A6665FFBD7D0E0A19" data-original="https://uploadfiles.nowcoder.com/images/20190720/683055227_1563577602933_5A2F10B571AD4B7A6665FFBD7D0E0A19"></p> <p> </p> <h3>python 实现</h3> <p>创建 ac.py</p> <p>编辑代码如下</p> <div class="has"><p></p>