Permission Denied with SSH Despite Correct Keys and Passphrase

[tygre-chingu]

Hi!

Long time ago, I rooted and installed Valetudo on my Xiaomi Mi vaccum robot. It worked great until recently I noticed that the robot IP address changed (never a good sign!), which went from 192.168.0.210 to 192.168.0.196. I wanted to SSH into the robot to investigate but I receive the error Permission denied, please try again.. I can connect via HTTP though. I looked "everywhere", including this recent discussion but this solution doesn't work for me.

What I've checked: I already tried ssh -vv -o PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes=+ssh-rsa -i ~/xiaomivacuumkey 192.168.0.196 as suggested in the other question. I have the correct passphrase and public/private keys pairs. I regenerated different keys with different algorithms: RSA and ED25519. What I see when ssh -vv -i xiaomivacuumkey 192.168.0.196, no matter the algorithms used to generate the key, is the "error" message send_pubkey_test: no mutual signature algorithm.

What am I missing?
(Sorry if this is a duplicate, I posted my question before but then it disappeared from the list.)

[wailnucleus]

Please provide the output of your connection attempt:

ssh -vvv -i ~/xiaomivacuumkey 192.168.0.196

[tygre-chingu]

Thank you for your help, @wailnucleus!
I attach the output, until SSH ask me to enter a password. (No matter the password, the connection always fails.)