[all] Use standardized code formatting for all languages

[gabe-l-hart]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

In order to provide easier contribution guidance, it would be good to include automated code formatting for all languages.

Describe the solution you'd like

In similar projects, pre-commit has been a great tool for this. This project is somewhat complex in that it uses multiple languages, each with its own coding standards. The proposed formatters are:

• python: black
• typescript: existing tslint rules
• go: go fmt
• c++: clang-format (up for further investigation)

Describe alternatives you've considered

Live and let live!

Additional context

This would improve the posture of https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/en/projects/5788