Merge pull request #694 from Kipper-Lang/654-feature-implement-trycatch-statement-to-handle-exceptions

Implemented `try-catch` block statements for catching and handling errors

Author: Luna-Klatzer

.run/kipper run.run.xml

@@ -18,19 +18,33 @@ To use development versions of Kipper download the
 
 ### Added
 
+- Error handling support using `try {} catch (e) {} finally {}` statements to catch and handle runtime errors.
+	([#654](https://github.com/Kipper-Lang/Kipper/issues/654))
 - New cast keywords `cast as`, `force as` and `try as`, which allow for various type-safe cast operations.
   ([#685](https://github.com/Kipper-Lang/Kipper/issues/685))
 - Implemented new `T?` and `T??` nullable type operator which marks the given type as `T | null` and `T | undefined`
   respectively.
 - New classes:
   - `NullableTypeSpecifierExpression`, which represents an AST nullable type specifier expression that marks a given
     type as nullable with either `null` or `undefined`.
+  - `TryCatchStatement`, which represents an AST try-catch statement that handles exceptions thrown in the try block.
+  - `CatchClause`, which represents an AST catch clause that is part of a try-catch statement.
+  - `ErrorBindingDeclaration`, which represents an AST error binding declaration that is part of a catch clause. This
+    declaration binds the error object to a variable in the catch clause scope.
 - New interfaces:
   - `NullableTypeSpecifierExpressionSemantics`, which represents the semantics of a nullable type specifier expression.
   - `NullableTypeSpecifierExpressionTypeSemantics`, which represents the type semantics of a nullable type specifier
     expression.
+  - `TryCatchStatementSemantics`, which represents the semantics of a try-catch statement.
+  - `TryCatchStatementTypeSemantics`, which represents the type semantics of a try-catch statement.
+  - `CatchClauseSemantics`, which represents the semantics of a catch clause.
+  - `CatchClauseTypeSemantics`, which represents the type semantics of a catch clause.
+  - `ErrorBindingDeclarationSemantics`, which represents the semantics of an error binding declaration.
+  - `ErrorBindingDeclarationTypeSemantics`, which represents the type semantics of an error binding declaration.
 - New functions:
   - `KipperTypeScriptTarget.getRuntimeType`, which gets the corresponding runtime representation of a type.
+  - `KipperTypeChecker.isValidErrorBindingArgument`, which checks if a type is a valid type for an error binding
+    argument.
 - New properties:
   - `CompilableASTNode.closestHigherLevelParent`, which returns the closest parent of the node that is of a higher level
     than the node itself. (Higher level as in statement or declaration level, undefined means the item itself is already
@@ -42,6 +56,8 @@ To use development versions of Kipper download the
   - `CustomType.sourceNode`, which returns the source node of the custom type.
   - `CustomType.clsConstructor`, which returns the constructor of the class if the type is a class and the class has a
     constructor.
+  - `ProcessedType.isInterface`, which returns true if the type is an interface.
+  - `ProcessedType.isClass`, which returns true if the type is a class.
 - New types:
   - `KipperNullableNullOperator`, which is the `null` nullable operator that can be used in Kipper.
   - `KipperNullableUndefinedOperator`, which is the `undefined` nullable operator that can be used in Kipper.

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -22,9 +22,10 @@ and the [Kipper website](https://kipper-lang.org)._
 [![DOI](https://zenodo.org/badge/411260595.svg)](https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/411260595)
 
 <!-- toc -->
-* [Kipper CLI - `@kipper/cli` 🦊✨](#kipper-cli---kippercli-)
-* [Usage](#usage)
-* [Commands](#commands)
+
+- [Kipper CLI - `@kipper/cli` 🦊✨](#kipper-cli---kippercli-)
+- [Usage](#usage)
+- [Commands](#commands)
 <!-- tocstop -->
 
 ## General Information
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ and the [Kipper website](https://kipper-lang.org)._
 # Usage
 
 <!-- usage -->
+
 ```sh-session
 $ npm install -g @kipper/cli
 $ kipper COMMAND
@@ -50,16 +52,18 @@ USAGE
   $ kipper COMMAND
 ...
 ```
+
 <!-- usagestop -->
 
 # Commands
 
 <!-- commands -->
-* [`kipper compile [FILE]`](#kipper-compile-file)
-* [`kipper help [COMMAND]`](#kipper-help-command)
-* [`kipper new [LOCATION]`](#kipper-new-location)
-* [`kipper run [FILE]`](#kipper-run-file)
-* [`kipper version`](#kipper-version)
+
+- [`kipper compile [FILE]`](#kipper-compile-file)
+- [`kipper help [COMMAND]`](#kipper-help-command)
+- [`kipper new [LOCATION]`](#kipper-new-location)
+- [`kipper run [FILE]`](#kipper-run-file)
+- [`kipper version`](#kipper-version)
 
 ## `kipper compile [FILE]`
 
@@ -202,6 +206,7 @@ USAGE
 ```
 
 _See code: [src/commands/version.ts](https://github.com/Kipper-Lang/Kipper/blob/v0.13.0-alpha.2/kipper/cli/src/commands/version.ts)_
+
 <!-- commandsstop -->
 
 ## Contributing to Kipper

kipper/cli/README.md

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
     }
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": "16.x || 18.x || 20.x || 22.x",
+    "node": "16.x || 18.x || 20.x || 22.x || 24.x",
     "pnpm": "8"
   },
   "files": [

kipper/cli/package.json

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 		"typescript": "5.1.3"
 	},
 	"engines": {
-		"node": "16.x || 18.x || 20.x || 22.x",
+		"node": "16.x || 18.x || 20.x || 22.x || 24.x",
 		"pnpm": "8"
 	},
 	"homepage": "https://kipper-lang.org",

kipper/config/package.json

@@ -98,6 +98,11 @@ Matches : 'matches';
 // typeof operator
 Typeof : 'typeof';
 
+// try-catch-finally
+Try : 'try';
+Catch : 'catch';
+Finally : 'finally';
+
 // Constant undefined, void and null identifiers
 Void : 'void';
 Null : 'null';

kipper/core/KipperLexer.g4

@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ statement
     |   jumpStatement
     | 	returnStatement
     |	compoundStatement
+    |	tryCatchStatement
     ;
 
 compoundStatement
@@ -192,6 +193,26 @@ returnStatement
 	: 	'return' expression? SemiColon
 	;
 
+tryCatchStatement
+	:	tryClause catchClause* finallyClause?
+ 	;
+
+tryClause
+	:	'try' compoundStatement
+	;
+
+catchClause
+	:	'catch' '(' errorBindingDeclaration ')' compoundStatement
+	;
+
+errorBindingDeclaration
+	:	declarator (':' typeSpecifierExpression)?
+	;
+
+finallyClause
+	:	'finally' compoundStatement
+	;
+
 // -- Expressions
 
 primaryExpression // Primary expressions, which build up the rest of the more complex expressions