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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: GameTheory/GameTheory.m2
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Example
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G1 = graph ({}, Singletons => {1,2,3});
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G2 = graph ({{1,2}}, Singletons => {3});
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I1 = spohnCI(PR,X,G1)
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I2 = spohnCI(PR,X,G2)
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I1 = spohnCI(PR,X,G1);
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I2 = spohnCI(PR,X,G2);
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-- One can also add the linear constraint coming from the probabilities.
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-- For generic games, the ideal J1 models totally mixed Nash equilibria.
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J = probabilitySumIdeal(PR)
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J1 = I1 + J
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J2 = I1 + J
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J1 = I1 + J;
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J2 = I1 + J;
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References
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This package is based on the following papers:
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Journal of Algebra, Volume 666, 2025.
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Acknowledgement
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We thank Ben Hollering<@HREF"https://sites.google.com/view/benhollering"@>andMahrud Sayrafi<@HREF"https://www-users.cse.umn.edu/~mahrud/"@>for their support
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during the Macaulay2 in the Sciences Workshop<@HREF"https://www.mis.mpg.de/de/events/series/macaulay2-in-the-sciences"@> where the development of this package began.
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We thank @HREF("https://sites.google.com/view/benhollering","Ben Hollering")@and @HREF("https://www-users.cse.umn.edu/~mahrud/","Mahrud Sayrafi")@for their support
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during the @HREF("https://www.mis.mpg.de/de/events/series/macaulay2-in-the-sciences","Macaulay2 in the Sciences Workshop")@ where the development of this package began.
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Contributors
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The following people have generously contributed their timeand effort to this project:
GameTheory uses Polyhedra.m2 for the methodsof correlated equilibria andGraphicalModels.m2 for the methodsof conditional independence equilibria.
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Throughout the package, we followed Macaulay2's convention ofzero-based indexing. This can be seen e.g., in the methodsof @TO nashEquilibriumRing@
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Description
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Text
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The type `Tensor` is a mutablehashtable with additional metadata to represent multi-dimensional arrays.
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The type Tensor is a mutablehashtable with additional metadata to represent multi-dimensional arrays.
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Each tensor has an associated format (listof dimensions), a coefficientring, and a setofindexkeys.
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Example
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A listofentriesof the tensor along the specified dimension.
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Description
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Text
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This method varies the index at the position given by the lengthof`Lstart`, iterating from0to $d_i - 1$, where $d_i$ is the corresponding indexof the format.
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This method varies the index at the position given by the lengthof Lstart, iterating from0to $d_i - 1$, where $d_i$ is the corresponding indexof the format.
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The slice is formed by fixing all other indicesand varying only the one at the slicing position.
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For an $n$-player game where the $i$-th player has $d_i$ pure strategies, the maximum numberof isolated totally mixed Nash equilibria is given
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by the degree $c(\mathbf{d})$ of the top Chern classof the following vector bundle:
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\[ E \coloneqq \bigoplus_{i=0}^{n-1} \ko_{\mathbb{P}^{\mathbf{d}}}({\mathbf{1}}_i)^{\oplus(d_i-1)},\]
where $\mathbb{P}^{\mathbf{d}}=\prod_{i=0}^{n-1}\mathbb{P}^{d_i-1}$ and $\mathbf{1}_i=(1,\ldots,1,0,1,\ldots,1)$, where the entry $0$ is in the $i$-th component.
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In particular, this function computes the integer $c(\mathbf{d})$ as the coefficientof the monomial
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$\prod_{i=0}^{n-1} h_i^{d_i-1}$ in $\prod_{i=0}^{n-1} \hat{h}_i^{d_i-1}$ with $\hat{h}_i\coloneqq \sum_{j\neq i}h_j$,
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where $h_i$ denotes the pullbackof the hyperplane classon the $i$-th factor $\mathbb{P}^{d_i-1}$ of $\PP^\bd$ via the projection map.
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where $h_i$ denotes the pullbackof the hyperplane classon the $i$-th factor $\mathbb{P}^{d_i-1}$ of $\mathbb{P}^{\mathbf{d}}$ via the projection map.
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Example
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d = {2,2,2};
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Di = {2,2,3};
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PR = probabilityRing(Di);
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X = randomGame(Di);
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I = spohnIdeal(PR,X)
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I = spohnIdeal(PR,X);
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SeeAlso
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probabilityRing
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randomGame
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A single conditional independence statement is a list consisting of three disjoint
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lists ofindicesforrandom variables, e.g. $\{ \{1,2\},\{4\}, \{3\} \}$
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which represents the conditional independence statement ``$(X_1, X_2)$
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is conditionally independent of $X_4$ given $X_3$''.
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which represents the conditional independence statement "$(X_1, X_2)$
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is conditionally independent of $X_4$ given $X_3$".
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Given an undirected graph $G$, the conditional independence statements are produced via
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the globalMarkov function from the GraphicalModelspackage. A globalMarkov statement
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for $G$ is a list $\{A, B, C\}$ of three disjoint lists of vertices of $G$, where the
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maps it to an idealof PR via the mapToProbabilityRing function.
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Example
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FF = ZZ/32003
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FF = ZZ/32003;
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d = {2,3,2};
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PR = probabilityRing (d, CoefficientRing => FF);
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G = graph ({}, Singletons => {1,2,3});
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an undirected graph.
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A single conditional independence statement is a list consisting of three disjoint
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lists ofindicesforrandom variables, e.g. $\{ \{1,2\},\{4\}, \{3\} \}$
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which represents the conditional independence statement ``$(X_1, X_2)$
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is conditionally independent of $X_4$ given $X_3$''. In the context of game theory, the variable
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which represents the conditional independence statement "$(X_1, X_2)$
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is conditionally independent of $X_4$ given $X_3$". In the context of game theory, the variable
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$X_i$ represents the strategy of player $i$.
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Given an undirected graph $G$, the conditional independence statements are produced via
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the globalMarkov function from the GraphicalModelspackage. A globalMarkov statement
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for $G$ is a list $\{A, B, C\}$ of three disjoint lists of vertices of $G$, where the
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subset $C$ separates the subset $A$ from the subset $B$ in the graph $G$.
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Example
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FF = ZZ/32003
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FF = ZZ/32003;
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d = {2,2,2};
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X = randomGame(d, CoefficientRing => FF);
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PR = probabilityRing(d, CoefficientRing => FF);
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V = spohnIdeal(PR, X);
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G1 = graph ({}, Singletons => {1,2,3});
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G2 = graph ({{1,2}}, Singletons => {3});
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I1 = intersectWithCImodel(V, G1)
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I2 = intersectWithCImodel(V, G2)
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I1 = intersectWithCImodel(V, G1);
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I2 = intersectWithCImodel(V, G2);
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Text
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Here is an example where the vertices of the graph need to be relabeled.
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