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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: publications/root.tex
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\caption{Responses of structural and non-structural dry weight on step changes from off to maximum in following actuations from the left to the right: ventilation, heating, humidification, and \coo\ enrichment, no step made.}\label{fig:steps}
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\end{figure*}
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The second set of simulations compares the performance of the proposed NEMPC algorithm with a no-control scenario. The NEMPC algorithm is configured with a prediction horizon and a control horizon of 1 hour. The simulations are run for a total of 10,801 steps, with a sampling time of 120 seconds. Results in Figure~\ref{fig:control} demonstrate that the proposed NEMPC increased crop yield by 435\% and increased profit by more than 14\% in just 15 days of growth.
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The second set of simulations compares the performance of the proposed NEMPC algorithm with a no-control scenario. The NEMPC algorithm is configured with a prediction horizon and a control horizon of 1 hour. The simulations are run for a total of 10,801 steps, with a sampling time of 120 seconds. Results in Table~\ref{tab:comparison} demonstrate that the proposed NEMPC increased crop yield by 435\% and increased profit by more than 14\% in just 15 days of growth. As illustrated in Figure~\ref{fig:control}, which shows the lettuce growth and actuation patterns, the \coo\ generator is heavily relied upon, while the heater is used sparingly due to high electricity consumption and mild autumn weather.
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The inclusion of the social cost of the carbon intensity into the cost function of the NEMPC leads to a 15\% reduction in \coo\ consumption, although it caused a 11\% decrease in plant growth and 3\% decrease in profit when compared to a scenario where the social cost of \coo\ was not minimized. This highlights a significant trade-off between economic output and the carbon intensity of the energy sources. While farmers may prioritize economic gains, the environmental impact of production deserves careful consideration.
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\begin{figure}\label{fig:control}
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\begin{table}
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\centering
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\caption{Performance comparison: NEMPC {vs. } no control.}\label{tab:comparison}
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