chore(release): merge stable into release/7.71.0; resolve CHANGELOG (#27708) (#28016)

## Description

Merges `stable` into `release/7.71.0` and resolves `CHANGELOG.md`
conflicts so [PR
#27708](#27708)
(`release/7.71.0` → `stable`) can merge cleanly.

### CHANGELOG resolution (per local release changelog guidelines)

- Kept **`## [7.71.0]`** (cleaned release notes) **above** **`##
[7.70.1]`** / **`## [7.70.0]`** from stable.
- **Compare links:** `[Unreleased]` → `v7.71.0...HEAD`; `[7.71.0]` →
`v7.70.1...v7.71.0`; left `[7.70.1]` / `[7.70.0]` lines unchanged below.

### After this PR

1. Merge this PR into `release/7.71.0` using **Create a merge commit**
(not squash), per release process.
2. Re-try / update [PR
#27708](#27708).

## Changelog

CHANGELOG entry: null

---

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<!-- CURSOR_SUMMARY -->
---

> [!NOTE]
> **Low Risk**
> Low risk: merge-conflict resolution focused on `CHANGELOG.md`
ordering/compare links with no runtime code changes.
> 
> **Overview**
> Merges `stable` into `release/7.71.0` and resolves the `CHANGELOG.md`
conflict by keeping the cleaned `7.71.0` notes above `7.70.1`/`7.70.0`
and updating the compare links (`[Unreleased]` → `v7.71.0...HEAD`,
`[7.71.0]` → `v7.70.1...v7.71.0`).
> 
> <sup>Written by [Cursor
Bugbot](https://cursor.com/dashboard?tab=bugbot) for commit
424324a. This will update automatically
on new commits. Configure
[here](https://cursor.com/dashboard?tab=bugbot).</sup>
<!-- /CURSOR_SUMMARY -->

Author: chloeYue