Support cudaq::state synthesis for all scenarios

[annagrin]

Required prerequisites

• Search the issue tracker to check if your feature has already been mentioned or rejected in other issues.

Describe the feature

We currently only support cudaq::state argument synthesis for executions that are running in the same address space as the synthesis pass, which is not true for remote simulators.

Suggestion:

• Simulation: Synthesize state pointers as constant global vectors of data
  • remote sim: rewrite quake.init_state to take the synthesized vector from cudaq::state::from_data.
  • same-address space sim: Synthesize state pointers as constant integers (optimization)
• Quantum devices and emulators: inline kernels that produce the state in cudaq::get_state, with the arguments passed to it.

Now that we are working on new argument synthesis, the following work needs to be completed:

• Implement state synthesis for local and remote simulators

  • Add argument substitution for state pointers for local and remote simulators #2094
  • State synthesis for remote simulators - delete newly created states #2150

• Implement state synthesis for quantum devices

  • State synthesis for quantum devices #2291

• Make sure state synthesis works for c-like function kernels

  • State synthesis for c-like function kernels #2763

• Make sure state synthesis works for c++ kernel builder

• Make sure state synthesis works for python with hardware targets

  • New launch kernel for python #2706

• Make sure state synthesis works for python with remote simulator target

• Cleanup after new launch is enabled by default:

  • Add python remote simulator synthesis tests
  • Enable state_init test for NVQC in .github/workflows/nvqc_regression_tests.yml
  • Remove -fkernel-exec-kind=2 from tests (see // TODO-FIX-KERNEL-EXEC lines in tests)
  • Re-enable qvector_init_from_vector for NVQC after it supports 8.0
    • Disabled in Fix NVQC regression test #2180
  • Re-enable qvector_init_from_state.cpp, qvector_init_from_state_lazy.cpp, test_trotter.cpp for NVQC
    • [NVQC] New launch kernel is failing for NVQC #2146
    • Disabled in Disable tests using new argument synthesis for NVQC #2224