Merge pull request #497 from NREL/develop

v0.52.0 CAPEX Constraint and Fix PBI

Author: adfarth

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -25,6 +25,13 @@ Classify the change according to the following categories:
     ### Deprecated
     ### Removed
 
+## v0.52.0
+### Added
+- Add **Financial** inputs `min_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives` and `max_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives` which, when provided, provide upper and lower bounds on initial capital costs for all technologies.
+- Add **SteamTurbine** inputs `production_incentive_per_kwh`, `production_incentive_max_benefit`, `production_incentive_years`, and `production_incentive_max_kw`
+- Add **CHP** output `initial_capital_costs`
+### Fixed
+- Fix implementation of production-based incentives
 
 ## v0.51.1
 ### Added
@@ -37,7 +44,7 @@ Classify the change according to the following categories:
 ### Fixed
 - Update the **REoptInputs** parameter **tech_renewable_energy_fraction** so that only electricity-producing and fuel-burning heating technologies are included (instead of all technologies).
 - Included the following in the `Financial.lifecycle_capital_costs` and `Financial.initial_capital_costs`: `m[Symbol("OffgridOtherCapexAfterDepr"*_n)] - m[Symbol("AvoidedCapexByGHP"*_n)] - m[Symbol("ResidualGHXCapCost"*_n)] - m[Symbol("AvoidedCapexByASHP"*_n)]`
- 
+
 ## v0.51.0
 ### Added 
 - Add the following inputs to account for the clean or renewable energy fraction of grid-purchased electricity: 

Project.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name = "REopt"
 uuid = "d36ad4e8-d74a-4f7a-ace1-eaea049febf6"
 authors = ["Nick Laws", "Hallie Dunham <hallie.dunham@nrel.gov>", "Bill Becker <william.becker@nrel.gov>", "Bhavesh Rathod <bhavesh.rathod@nrel.gov>", "Alex Zolan <alexander.zolan@nrel.gov>", "Amanda Farthing <amanda.farthing@nrel.gov>", "Xiangkun Li <xiangkun.li@nrel.gov>", "An Pham <an.pham@nrel.gov>", "Byron Pullutasig <byron.pullatasig@nrel.gov>"]
-version = "0.51.1"
+version = "0.52.0"
 
 [deps]
 ArchGDAL = "c9ce4bd3-c3d5-55b8-8973-c0e20141b8c3"

src/constraints/cost_curve_constraints.jl

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ There are two situations under which we add binary constraints to the model in o
 for a technology:
     1. When a technology has tax or investment incentives with upper capacity limits < tech.max_kw
         - first segment(s) have lower slope than last segment
-    2. When a technology has multiple cost/size pairs (not implemented yet, used for CHP in v1)
+    2. When a technology has multiple cost/size pairs
         - we interpolate the slope between the cost/size points, typically with economies of scale pricing
 We used to use cost curve segments for when a technology has a non-zero existing_kw by setting the first segment to a
 zero cost (and slope) from zero kw to the existing_kw. Instead, we now have dvPurchaseSize >= dvSize - existing_kw.
@@ -65,4 +65,154 @@ function add_cost_curve_vars_and_constraints(m, p; _n="")
     @constraint(m, [t in p.techs.segmented],
         m[Symbol("dvPurchaseSize"*_n)][t] == m[Symbol("dvSize"*_n)][t] - p.existing_sizes[t]
     )
+end
+
+function add_capex_constraints(m, p; _n="")
+    @warn "Adding capital costs constraints. These may cause an infeasible problem in some cases, particularly for resilience runs."
+    if (!isnothing(p.s.financial.min_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives) && !isnothing(p.s.financial.max_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives)
+            && p.s.financial.min_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives > p.s.financial.max_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives)
+        throw(@error("Minimum required capital cost is larger than maximum required capital cost - this problem is infeasible.")) 
+    end
+    if !isnothing(p.s.financial.min_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives)
+        @constraint(m,
+            m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives] >= p.s.financial.min_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives
+        )
+    end
+    if !isnothing(p.s.financial.max_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives)
+        @constraint(m,
+            m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives] <= p.s.financial.max_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives
+        )
+    end
+end
+
+function initial_capex_no_incentives(m::JuMP.AbstractModel, p::REoptInputs; _n="")
+    m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives] = JuMP.GenericAffExpr{Float64, JuMP.VariableRef}(0.0) # Avoids MethodError
+    
+    add_to_expression!(m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives], 
+        p.s.financial.offgrid_other_capital_costs - m[Symbol("AvoidedCapexByASHP"*_n)] - m[Symbol("AvoidedCapexByGHP"*_n)]
+    )
+
+    if !isempty(p.techs.gen) && isempty(_n)  # generators not included in multinode model
+        add_to_expression!(m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives], 
+            p.s.generator.installed_cost_per_kw * m[Symbol("dvPurchaseSize"*_n)]["Generator"]
+        )
+    end
+
+    if !isempty(p.techs.pv)
+        for pv in p.s.pvs
+            add_to_expression!(m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives], 
+                pv.installed_cost_per_kw * m[Symbol("dvPurchaseSize"*_n)][pv.name]
+            )
+        end
+    end
+
+    for b in p.s.storage.types.elec
+        if p.s.storage.attr[b].max_kw > 0
+            add_to_expression!(m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives], 
+                p.s.storage.attr[b].installed_cost_per_kw * m[Symbol("dvStoragePower"*_n)][b]
+                + p.s.storage.attr[b].installed_cost_per_kwh * m[Symbol("dvStorageEnergy"*_n)][b]
+            )
+        end
+    end
+
+    for b in p.s.storage.types.thermal
+        if p.s.storage.attr[b].max_kw > 0
+            add_to_expression!(m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives], 
+                p.s.storage.attr[b].installed_cost_per_kwh * m[Symbol("dvStorageEnergy"*_n)][b]
+            )
+        end
+    end
+
+    if "Wind" in p.techs.all
+        add_to_expression!(m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives], 
+            p.s.wind.installed_cost_per_kw * m[Symbol("dvPurchaseSize"*_n)]["Wind"]
+        )
+    end
+
+    if "CHP" in p.techs.all
+        m[:CHPCapexNoIncentives] = JuMP.GenericAffExpr{Float64, JuMP.VariableRef}()
+        cost_list = p.s.chp.installed_cost_per_kw
+        size_list = p.s.chp.tech_sizes_for_cost_curve
+
+        t="CHP"
+        if t in p.techs.segmented
+            # Use "no incentives" version of p.cap_cost_slope and p.seg_yint
+            cost_slope_no_inc = [cost_list[1]]
+            seg_yint_no_inc = [0.0]
+            for s in range(2, stop=length(size_list))
+                tmp_slope = round((cost_list[s] * size_list[s] - cost_list[s-1] * size_list[s-1]) /
+                                (size_list[s] - size_list[s-1]), digits=0)
+                tmp_y_int = round(cost_list[s-1] * size_list[s-1] - tmp_slope * size_list[s-1], digits=0)
+                append!(cost_slope_no_inc, tmp_slope)
+                append!(seg_yint_no_inc, tmp_y_int)
+            end
+            append!(cost_slope_no_inc, cost_list[end])
+            append!(seg_yint_no_inc, 0.0)
+
+            add_to_expression!(m[:CHPCapexNoIncentives],
+                sum(cost_slope_no_inc[s] * m[Symbol("dvSegmentSystemSize"*t)][s] + 
+                    seg_yint_no_inc[s] * m[Symbol("binSegment"*t)][s] for s in 1:p.n_segs_by_tech[t])
+            )
+        else
+            add_to_expression!(m[:CHPCapexNoIncentives], cost_list * m[Symbol("dvPurchaseSize"*_n)]["CHP"])
+        end
+        if p.s.chp.supplementary_firing_capital_cost_per_kw > 0
+            add_to_expression!(m[:CHPCapexNoIncentives], 
+                p.s.chp.supplementary_firing_capital_cost_per_kw * m[Symbol("dvSupplementaryFiringSize"*_n)]["CHP"]
+            )
+        end
+        add_to_expression!(m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives], m[:CHPCapexNoIncentives])
+    end
+
+    if "SteamTurbine" in p.techs.all
+        add_to_expression!(m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives], 
+            p.s.steam_turbine.installed_cost_per_kw * m[Symbol("dvPurchaseSize"*_n)]["SteamTurbine"]
+        )
+    end
+
+    if "Boiler" in p.techs.all
+        add_to_expression!(m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives], 
+            p.s.boiler.installed_cost_per_kw * m[Symbol("dvPurchaseSize"*_n)]["Boiler"]
+        )
+    end
+
+    if "AbsorptionChiller" in p.techs.all
+        add_to_expression!(m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives], 
+            p.s.absorption_chiller.installed_cost_per_kw * m[Symbol("dvPurchaseSize"*_n)]["AbsorptionChiller"]
+        )
+    end
+
+    if !isempty(p.s.ghp_option_list)
+        for option in enumerate(p.s.ghp_option_list)
+            if option[2].heat_pump_configuration == "WSHP"
+                add_to_expression!(m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives], 
+                    option[2].installed_cost_per_kw[2]*option[2].heatpump_capacity_ton*m[Symbol("binGHP"*_n)][option[1]]
+                )
+            elseif option[2].heat_pump_configuration == "WWHP"
+                add_to_expression!(m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives], 
+                    (option[2].wwhp_heating_pump_installed_cost_curve[2]*option[2].wwhp_heating_pump_capacity_ton + option[2].wwhp_cooling_pump_installed_cost_curve[2]*option[2].wwhp_cooling_pump_capacity_ton)*m[Symbol("binGHP"*_n)][option[1]]
+                )
+            else
+                @warn "Unknown heat pump configuration provided, excluding GHP costs from initial capital costs."
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    if "ASHPSpaceHeater" in p.techs.all
+        add_to_expression!(m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives], 
+            p.s.ashp.installed_cost_per_kw * m[Symbol("dvPurchaseSize"*_n)]["ASHPSpaceHeater"]
+        )
+    end
+
+    if "ASHPWaterHeater" in p.techs.all
+        add_to_expression!(m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives], 
+            p.s.ashp_wh.installed_cost_per_kw * m[Symbol("dvPurchaseSize"*_n)]["ASHPWaterHeater"]
+        )
+    end
+
+    if !isempty(p.s.electric_utility.outage_durations)
+        add_to_expression!(m[:InitialCapexNoIncentives], 
+            m[:mgTotalTechUpgradeCost] + m[:dvMGStorageUpgradeCost]
+        )
+    end
 end

src/constraints/production_incentive_constraints.jl

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 """
     add_prod_incent_vars_and_constraints(m, p)
 
-When pbi_techs is not empty this function is called to add the variables and constraints for modeling production based
+When techs.pbi is not empty this function is called to add the variables and constraints for modeling production based
 incentives.
 """
 function add_prod_incent_vars_and_constraints(m, p)

src/core/bau_inputs.jl

@@ -65,12 +65,12 @@ function BAUInputs(p::REoptInputs)
         cap_cost_slope[pvname] = 0.0
         tech_renewable_energy_fraction[pvname] = 1.0
         if pvname in p.techs.pbi
-            push!(pbi_techs, pvname)
+            push!(techs.pbi, pvname)
         end
         pv = get_pv_by_name(pvname, p.s.pvs)
-        fillin_techs_by_exportbin(techs_by_exportbin, pv, pv.name)
+        fillin_techs_by_exportbin(techs_by_exportbin, pv, pvname)
         if !pv.can_curtail
-            push!(techs.no_curtail, pv.name)
+            push!(techs.no_curtail, pvname)
         end
     end
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ function BAUInputs(p::REoptInputs)
         tech_renewable_energy_fraction["Generator"] = p.s.generator.fuel_renewable_energy_fraction
         fillin_techs_by_exportbin(techs_by_exportbin, p.s.generator, "Generator")
         if "Generator" in p.techs.pbi
-            push!(pbi_techs, "Generator")
+            push!(techs.pbi, "Generator")
         end
         if !p.s.generator.can_curtail
             push!(techs.no_curtail, "Generator")
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ function BAUInputs(p::REoptInputs)
         seg_min_size,
         seg_max_size,
         seg_yint,
-        p.pbi_pwf, 
+        p.pbi_pwf, # Same pbi dict as optimal case
         p.pbi_max_benefit, 
         p.pbi_max_kw, 
         p.pbi_benefit_per_kwh,

src/core/chp.jl

@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ conflict_res_min_allowable_fraction_of_max = 0.25
     utility_ibi_max::Float64 = 1.0e10
     utility_rebate_per_kw::Float64 = 0.0
     utility_rebate_max::Float64 = 1.0e10
-    production_incentive_per_kwh::Float64 = 0.0
-    production_incentive_max_benefit::Float64 = 1.0e9
-    production_incentive_years::Int = 0
-    production_incentive_max_kw::Float64 = 1.0e9
+    production_incentive_per_kwh::Float64 = 0.0 # revenue from production incentive per kWh electricity produced, including curtailment
+    production_incentive_max_benefit::Float64 = 1.0e9 # maximum allowable annual revenue from production incentives
+    production_incentive_years::Int = 0 # number of year in which production incentives are paid
+    production_incentive_max_kw::Float64 = 1.0e9 # maximum allowable system size to receive production incentives
     can_net_meter::Bool = false
     can_wholesale::Bool = false
     can_export_beyond_nem_limit::Bool = false

src/core/financial.jl

@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@
     macrs_five_year::Array{Float64,1} = [0.2, 0.32, 0.192, 0.1152, 0.1152, 0.0576],  # IRS pub 946
     macrs_seven_year::Array{Float64,1} = [0.1429, 0.2449, 0.1749, 0.1249, 0.0893, 0.0892, 0.0893, 0.0446],
     offgrid_other_capital_costs::Real = 0.0, # only applicable when `off_grid_flag` is true. Straight-line depreciation is applied to this capex cost, reducing taxable income.
-    offgrid_other_annual_costs::Real = 0.0 # only applicable when `off_grid_flag` is true. Considered tax deductible for owner. Costs are per year. 
+    offgrid_other_annual_costs::Real = 0.0 # only applicable when `off_grid_flag` is true. Considered tax deductible for owner. Costs are per year.
+    min_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives::Union{Nothing,Real} = nothing # minimum up-front capital cost for all technologies, excluding replacement costs and incentives.
+    max_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives::Union{Nothing,Real} = nothing # maximum up-front capital cost for all technologies, excluding replacement costs and incentives.
     # Emissions cost inputs
     CO2_cost_per_tonne::Real = 51.0,
     CO2_cost_escalation_rate_fraction::Real = 0.042173,
@@ -62,6 +64,8 @@ struct Financial
     macrs_seven_year::Array{Float64,1}
     offgrid_other_capital_costs::Float64
     offgrid_other_annual_costs::Float64
+    min_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives::Union{Nothing,Real}
+    max_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives::Union{Nothing,Real}
     CO2_cost_per_tonne::Float64
     CO2_cost_escalation_rate_fraction::Float64
     NOx_grid_cost_per_tonne::Float64
@@ -94,6 +98,8 @@ struct Financial
         macrs_seven_year::Array{<:Real,1} = [0.1429, 0.2449, 0.1749, 0.1249, 0.0893, 0.0892, 0.0893, 0.0446],
         offgrid_other_capital_costs::Real = 0.0, # only applicable when `off_grid_flag` is true. Straight-line depreciation is applied to this capex cost, reducing taxable income.
         offgrid_other_annual_costs::Real = 0.0, # only applicable when `off_grid_flag` is true. Considered tax deductible for owner.
+        min_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives::Union{Nothing,Real} = nothing,
+        max_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives::Union{Nothing,Real} = nothing,
         # Emissions cost inputs
         CO2_cost_per_tonne::Real = 51.0,
         CO2_cost_escalation_rate_fraction::Real = 0.042173,
@@ -191,6 +197,8 @@ struct Financial
             macrs_seven_year,
             offgrid_other_capital_costs,
             offgrid_other_annual_costs,
+            min_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives,
+            max_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives,
             CO2_cost_per_tonne,
             CO2_cost_escalation_rate_fraction,
             NOx_grid_cost_per_tonne,

src/core/generator.jl

@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@
     utility_ibi_max::Real = 1.0e10,
     utility_rebate_per_kw::Real = 0.0,
     utility_rebate_max::Real = 1.0e10,
-    production_incentive_per_kwh::Real = 0.0,
-    production_incentive_max_benefit::Real = 1.0e9,
-    production_incentive_years::Int = 0,
-    production_incentive_max_kw::Real = 1.0e9,
+    production_incentive_per_kwh::Float64 = 0.0 # revenue from production incentive per kWh electricity produced, including curtailment
+    production_incentive_max_benefit::Float64 = 1.0e9 # maximum allowable annual revenue from production incentives
+    production_incentive_years::Int = 0 # number of year in which production incentives are paid
+    production_incentive_max_kw::Float64 = 1.0e9 # maximum allowable system size to receive production incentives
     fuel_renewable_energy_fraction::Real = 0.0,
     emissions_factor_lb_CO2_per_gal::Real = 22.58, # CO2e
     emissions_factor_lb_NOx_per_gal::Real = 0.0775544,

src/core/pv.jl

@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@
     utility_ibi_max::Real = 1.0e10,
     utility_rebate_per_kw::Real = 0.0,
     utility_rebate_max::Real = 1.0e10,
-    production_incentive_per_kwh::Real = 0.0, # Applies to total estimated production, including curtailed energy.
-    production_incentive_max_benefit::Real = 1.0e9,
-    production_incentive_years::Int = 1,
-    production_incentive_max_kw::Real = 1.0e9,
+    production_incentive_per_kwh::Float64 = 0.0 # revenue from production incentive per kWh electricity produced, including curtailment
+    production_incentive_max_benefit::Float64 = 1.0e9 # maximum allowable annual revenue from production incentives
+    production_incentive_years::Int = 1 # number of year in which production incentives are paid
+    production_incentive_max_kw::Float64 = 1.0e9 # maximum allowable system size to receive production incentives
     can_net_meter::Bool = off_grid_flag ? false : true,
     can_wholesale::Bool = off_grid_flag ? false : true,
     can_export_beyond_nem_limit::Bool = off_grid_flag ? false : true,

src/core/reopt.jl

@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ function build_reopt!(m::JuMP.AbstractModel, p::REoptInputs)
         @warn "Adding binary variable(s) to model cost curves"
         add_cost_curve_vars_and_constraints(m, p)
         for t in p.techs.segmented  # cannot have this for statement in sum( ... for t in ...) ???
-            m[:TotalTechCapCosts] += p.third_party_factor * (
+			m[:TotalTechCapCosts] += p.third_party_factor * (
                 sum(p.cap_cost_slope[t][s] * m[Symbol("dvSegmentSystemSize"*t)][s] + 
                     p.seg_yint[t][s] * m[Symbol("binSegment"*t)][s] for s in 1:p.n_segs_by_tech[t])
             )
@@ -477,6 +477,12 @@ function build_reopt!(m::JuMP.AbstractModel, p::REoptInputs)
 		end
 	end
 
+	# Get CAPEX expressions and optionally constrain CAPEX 
+	initial_capex_no_incentives(m, p)
+	if !isnothing(p.s.financial.min_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives) || !isnothing(p.s.financial.max_initial_capital_costs_before_incentives)
+		add_capex_constraints(m, p)
+	end
+
 	#################################  Objective Function   ########################################
 	@expression(m, Costs,
 		# Capital Costs