diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 880ab649..5b3362b3 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 ### New Checks
 * Added `check_file_extension` for NWB file extension best practice recommendations (`.nwb`, `.nwb.h5`, or `.nwb.zarr`) [#625](https://github.com/NeurodataWithoutBorders/nwbinspector/pull/625)
+* Added `check_time_intervals_duration`, which makes sure that `TimeInterval` objects do not have a duration greater than 1 year.
+[#635](https://github.com/NeurodataWithoutBorders/nwbinspector/pull/635)
 
 ### Improvements
 * Added documentation to API and CLI docs on how to use the dandi config option. [#624](https://github.com/NeurodataWithoutBorders/nwbinspector/pull/624)
diff --git a/docs/best_practices/tables.rst b/docs/best_practices/tables.rst
index 678d86cf..49a26e3e 100644
--- a/docs/best_practices/tables.rst
+++ b/docs/best_practices/tables.rst
@@ -120,6 +120,8 @@ Times are always stored in seconds in NWB. In :ref:`nwb-schema:sec-TimeIntervals
 
 Additional time columns in :ref:`nwb-schema:sec-TimeIntervals` tables, such as the ``TrialsTable`` should have ``_time`` as a suffix to the name. *E.g.*, if you add more times in ``TrialsTable``, such as a subject response time, name it ``response_time`` and store the time values in seconds from the ``timestamps_reference_time`` of the :ref:`nwb-schema:sec-NWBFile`, just like ``start_time`` and ``stop_time``. This convention is used by downstream processing tools. For instance, NWBWidgets uses these times to create peri-stimulus time histograms relating spiking activity to trial events. See :ref:`best_practice_global_time_reference` for more details.
 
+Check function :py:meth:`~nwbinspector.checks._tables.check_time_intervals_duration`
+
 .. _best_practice_unique_dynamic_table_ids:
 
 Unique ids
diff --git a/src/nwbinspector/checks/__init__.py b/src/nwbinspector/checks/__init__.py
index 3011d187..096247aa 100644
--- a/src/nwbinspector/checks/__init__.py
+++ b/src/nwbinspector/checks/__init__.py
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
     check_table_time_columns_are_not_negative,
     check_table_values_for_dict,
     check_time_interval_time_columns,
+    check_time_intervals_duration,
     check_time_intervals_stop_after_start,
 )
 from ._time_series import (
diff --git a/src/nwbinspector/checks/_tables.py b/src/nwbinspector/checks/_tables.py
index ef99d02e..a652147c 100644
--- a/src/nwbinspector/checks/_tables.py
+++ b/src/nwbinspector/checks/_tables.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 )
 
 NELEMS = 200
+MAX_DURATION = 3600 * 24 * 365.25  # default: 1 year
 
 
 @register_check(importance=Importance.CRITICAL, neurodata_type=DynamicTableRegion)
@@ -292,3 +293,61 @@ def check_table_time_columns_are_not_negative(table: DynamicTable) -> Optional[I
                 )
 
     return None
+
+
+@register_check(importance=Importance.CRITICAL, neurodata_type=TimeIntervals)
+def check_time_intervals_duration(
+    time_intervals: TimeIntervals, duration_threshold: float = MAX_DURATION
+) -> Optional[InspectorMessage]:
+    """
+    Check if the duration spanned by time columns in a TimeIntervals table exceeds a threshold.
+
+    This check examines start_time, stop_time, and any other columns ending in _time.
+
+    Best Practice: :ref:`best_practice_time_interval_time_columns`
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    time_intervals: TimeIntervals
+        The table to check
+    duration_threshold: float, optional
+        Maximum expected duration in seconds. Default is 1 year (365.25 days).
+    """
+    if len(time_intervals.id) == 0:
+        return None
+
+    start_times = []
+    end_times = []
+
+    # Check for start_time and stop_time columns
+    if "start_time" in time_intervals.colnames and len(time_intervals["start_time"]) > 0:
+        start_times.append(float(time_intervals["start_time"][0]))
+        if "stop_time" in time_intervals.colnames and len(time_intervals["stop_time"]) > 0:
+            end_times.append(float(time_intervals["stop_time"][-1]))
+
+    # Check for other time columns
+    for column_name in time_intervals.colnames:
+        if (
+            column_name.endswith("_time")
+            and column_name not in ["start_time", "stop_time"]
+            and len(time_intervals[column_name]) > 0
+        ):
+            data = time_intervals[column_name]
+            start_times.append(float(data[0]))
+            end_times.append(float(data[-1]))
+
+    if start_times and end_times:
+        duration = max(end_times) - min(start_times)
+
+        if duration > duration_threshold:
+            duration_years = duration / 31557600.0
+            threshold_years = duration_threshold / 31557600.0
+            return InspectorMessage(
+                message=(
+                    f"TimeIntervals table '{time_intervals.name}' has a duration of {duration:.2f} seconds "
+                    f"({duration_years:.2f} years), which exceeds the threshold of "
+                    f"{duration_threshold:.2f} seconds ({threshold_years:.2f} years). "
+                    "Please verify that this is correct."
+                )
+            )
+    return None
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_tables.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_tables.py
index 3e0b8027..8a7929e9 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_tables.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_tables.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
     check_table_time_columns_are_not_negative,
     check_table_values_for_dict,
     check_time_interval_time_columns,
+    check_time_intervals_duration,
     check_time_intervals_stop_after_start,
 )
 
@@ -498,3 +499,72 @@ def test_table_time_columns_are_not_negative_multidimensional_pass():
     test_table.add_row(test_time=[0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
 
     assert check_table_time_columns_are_not_negative(test_table) is None
+
+
+def test_check_time_intervals_duration_pass_short():
+    """Test that short duration tables pass the check."""
+    table = TimeIntervals(name="trials", description="test trials")
+    table.add_row(start_time=0.0, stop_time=10.0)
+    table.add_row(start_time=15.0, stop_time=25.0)
+    table.add_row(start_time=30.0, stop_time=100.0)
+
+    assert check_time_intervals_duration(table) is None
+
+
+def test_check_time_intervals_duration_fail_exceeds_threshold():
+    """Test that tables with duration exceeding 1 year fail."""
+    one_year = 31557600.0
+    table = TimeIntervals(name="trials", description="test trials")
+    table.add_row(start_time=0.0, stop_time=100.0)
+    table.add_row(start_time=one_year + 1000, stop_time=one_year + 2000)
+
+    result = check_time_intervals_duration(table)
+    assert result is not None
+    assert "trials" in result.message
+    assert "exceeds the threshold" in result.message
+    assert result.importance == Importance.CRITICAL
+
+
+def test_check_time_intervals_duration_pass_empty():
+    """Test that empty tables pass."""
+    table = TimeIntervals(name="trials", description="test trials")
+    assert check_time_intervals_duration(table) is None
+
+
+def test_check_time_intervals_duration_pass_custom_threshold():
+    """Test that custom threshold works correctly."""
+    table = TimeIntervals(name="trials", description="test trials")
+    table.add_row(start_time=0.0, stop_time=100.0)
+    table.add_row(start_time=150.0, stop_time=200.0)
+
+    # Should fail with 100 second threshold
+    result = check_time_intervals_duration(table, duration_threshold=100.0)
+    assert result is not None
+
+    # Should pass with 300 second threshold
+    result = check_time_intervals_duration(table, duration_threshold=300.0)
+    assert result is None
+
+
+def test_check_time_intervals_duration_with_additional_time_columns():
+    """Test that the check considers additional time columns ending in '_time'."""
+    one_year = 31557600.0
+    table = TimeIntervals(name="trials", description="test trials")
+    table.add_column(name="custom_time", description="custom time column")
+    table.add_row(start_time=0.0, stop_time=100.0, custom_time=0.0)
+    table.add_row(start_time=150.0, stop_time=200.0, custom_time=one_year + 1000)
+
+    result = check_time_intervals_duration(table)
+    assert result is not None
+    assert "trials" in result.message
+    assert "exceeds the threshold" in result.message
+
+
+def test_check_time_intervals_duration_pass_without_start_stop():
+    """Test that tables with only other time columns work correctly."""
+    table = TimeIntervals(name="trials", description="test trials")
+    table.add_column(name="custom_time", description="custom time column")
+    table.add_row(start_time=0.0, stop_time=10.0, custom_time=5.0)
+    table.add_row(start_time=15.0, stop_time=25.0, custom_time=20.0)
+
+    assert check_time_intervals_duration(table) is None