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MCP OAuth2 Demo

This project is a minimal Spring Boot application that acts as both:

  • a Spring Authorization Server (issuing JWT access tokens via the client_credentials flow), and
  • a Resource Server (protecting its own /hello endpoint).

It mirrors the setup shown in the Spring blog post (2 Apr 2025).

Quick start (local)

# build & run
./mvnw spring-boot:run

# obtain a token
curl -u mcp-client:secret -d grant_type=client_credentials \
     http://localhost:8081/oauth2/token | jq -r .access_token > token.txt

# call the protected endpoint
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $(cat token.txt)" http://localhost:8081/hello

Testing the OAuth2 Configuration

You can test the OAuth2 security configuration with the following steps:

1. Verify the server is running and secured

# This should return 401 Unauthorized, confirming OAuth2 security is active
curl -v http://localhost:8081/

2. Get an access token using client credentials

# Get and extract the full token response
curl -v -X POST http://localhost:8081/oauth2/token \
  -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \
  -H "Authorization: Basic bWNwLWNsaWVudDpzZWNyZXQ=" \
  -d "grant_type=client_credentials&scope=mcp.access"

# Or to extract just the token (requires jq)
curl -s -X POST http://localhost:8081/oauth2/token \
  -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \
  -H "Authorization: Basic bWNwLWNsaWVudDpzZWNyZXQ=" \
  -d "grant_type=client_credentials&scope=mcp.access" | jq -r .access_token > token.txt

Note: The Basic Authentication header (bWNwLWNsaWVudDpzZWNyZXQ=) is the Base64 encoding of mcp-client:secret.

3. Access the protected endpoint using the token

# Using the saved token
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $(cat token.txt)" http://localhost:8081/hello

# Or directly with the token value
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer eyJra...token_value...xyz" http://localhost:8081/hello

A successful response with "Hello from MCP OAuth2 Demo!" confirms that the OAuth2 configuration is working correctly.

Container build

docker build -t mcp-oauth2-demo .
docker run -p 8081:8081 mcp-oauth2-demo

Deploy to Azure Container Apps

az containerapp up -n mcp-oauth2 \
  -g demo-rg -l westeurope \
  --image <your-registry>/mcp-oauth2-demo:latest \
  --ingress external --target-port 8081

The ingress FQDN becomes your issuer (https://<fqdn>).
Azure provides a trusted TLS certificate automatically for *.azurecontainerapps.io.

Wire into Azure API Management

Add this inbound policy to your API:

<inbound>
  <validate-jwt header-name="Authorization">
    <openid-config url="https://<fqdn>/.well-known/openid-configuration"/>
    <audiences>
      <audience>mcp-client</audience>
    </audiences>
  </validate-jwt>
  <base/>
</inbound>

APIM will fetch the JWKS and validate every request.

What's next