It looks like when you single quote the package id the single quotes are interpreted literally and passed to Octopus e.g.
Pushing build information for package ''vscode-octopusdeploy'' version '0.1.3'
Error: Error: There was a problem with your request.
The package ID contains invalid characters. Examples of valid package IDs include 'MyPackage' and 'MyPackage.Sample'.
It looks like when you single quote the package id the single quotes are interpreted literally and passed to Octopus e.g.