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protocol_params.go
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// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
package params
import (
"math/big"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
)
const (
GasLimitBoundDivisor uint64 = 1024 // The bound divisor of the gas limit, used in update calculations.
MinGasLimit uint64 = 5000 // Minimum the gas limit may ever be.
MaxGasLimit uint64 = 0x7fffffffffffffff // Maximum the gas limit (2^63-1).
GenesisGasLimit uint64 = 4712388 // Gas limit of the Genesis block.
MaximumExtraDataSize uint64 = 32 // Maximum size extra data may be after Genesis.
ExpByteGas uint64 = 10 // Times ceil(log256(exponent)) for the EXP instruction.
SloadGas uint64 = 50 // Multiplied by the number of 32-byte words that are copied (round up) for any *COPY operation and added.
CallValueTransferGas uint64 = 9000 // Paid for CALL when the value transfer is non-zero.
CallNewAccountGas uint64 = 25000 // Paid for CALL when the destination address didn't exist prior.
TxGas uint64 = 21000 // Per transaction not creating a contract. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions.
TxGasContractCreation uint64 = 53000 // Per transaction that creates a contract. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions.
TxDataZeroGas uint64 = 4 // Per byte of data attached to a transaction that equals zero. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions.
QuadCoeffDiv uint64 = 512 // Divisor for the quadratic particle of the memory cost equation.
LogDataGas uint64 = 8 // Per byte in a LOG* operation's data.
CallStipend uint64 = 2300 // Free gas given at beginning of call.
Keccak256Gas uint64 = 30 // Once per KECCAK256 operation.
Keccak256WordGas uint64 = 6 // Once per word of the KECCAK256 operation's data.
InitCodeWordGas uint64 = 2 // Once per word of the init code when creating a contract.
SstoreSetGas uint64 = 20000 // Once per SSTORE operation.
SstoreResetGas uint64 = 5000 // Once per SSTORE operation if the zeroness changes from zero.
SstoreClearGas uint64 = 5000 // Once per SSTORE operation if the zeroness doesn't change.
SstoreRefundGas uint64 = 15000 // Once per SSTORE operation if the zeroness changes to zero.
NetSstoreNoopGas uint64 = 200 // Once per SSTORE operation if the value doesn't change.
NetSstoreInitGas uint64 = 20000 // Once per SSTORE operation from clean zero.
NetSstoreCleanGas uint64 = 5000 // Once per SSTORE operation from clean non-zero.
NetSstoreDirtyGas uint64 = 200 // Once per SSTORE operation from dirty.
NetSstoreClearRefund uint64 = 15000 // Once per SSTORE operation for clearing an originally existing storage slot
NetSstoreResetRefund uint64 = 4800 // Once per SSTORE operation for resetting to the original non-zero value
NetSstoreResetClearRefund uint64 = 19800 // Once per SSTORE operation for resetting to the original zero value
SstoreSentryGasEIP2200 uint64 = 2300 // Minimum gas required to be present for an SSTORE call, not consumed
SstoreSetGasEIP2200 uint64 = 20000 // Once per SSTORE operation from clean zero to non-zero
SstoreResetGasEIP2200 uint64 = 5000 // Once per SSTORE operation from clean non-zero to something else
SstoreClearsScheduleRefundEIP2200 uint64 = 15000 // Once per SSTORE operation for clearing an originally existing storage slot
ColdAccountAccessCostEIP2929 = uint64(2600) // COLD_ACCOUNT_ACCESS_COST
ColdSloadCostEIP2929 = uint64(2100) // COLD_SLOAD_COST
WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929 = uint64(100) // WARM_STORAGE_READ_COST
// In EIP-2200: SstoreResetGas was 5000.
// In EIP-2929: SstoreResetGas was changed to '5000 - COLD_SLOAD_COST'.
// In EIP-3529: SSTORE_CLEARS_SCHEDULE is defined as SSTORE_RESET_GAS + ACCESS_LIST_STORAGE_KEY_COST
// Which becomes: 5000 - 2100 + 1900 = 4800
SstoreClearsScheduleRefundEIP3529 uint64 = SstoreResetGasEIP2200 - ColdSloadCostEIP2929 + TxAccessListStorageKeyGas
JumpdestGas uint64 = 1 // Once per JUMPDEST operation.
EpochDuration uint64 = 30000 // Duration between proof-of-work epochs.
CreateDataGas uint64 = 200 //
CallCreateDepth uint64 = 1024 // Maximum depth of call/create stack.
ExpGas uint64 = 10 // Once per EXP instruction
LogGas uint64 = 375 // Per LOG* operation.
CopyGas uint64 = 3 //
StackLimit uint64 = 1024 // Maximum size of VM stack allowed.
TierStepGas uint64 = 0 // Once per operation, for a selection of them.
LogTopicGas uint64 = 375 // Multiplied by the * of the LOG*, per LOG transaction. e.g. LOG0 incurs 0 * c_txLogTopicGas, LOG4 incurs 4 * c_txLogTopicGas.
CreateGas uint64 = 32000 // Once per CREATE operation & contract-creation transaction.
Create2Gas uint64 = 32000 // Once per CREATE2 operation
CreateNGasEip4762 uint64 = 1000 // Once per CREATEn operations post-verkle
SelfdestructRefundGas uint64 = 24000 // Refunded following a selfdestruct operation.
MemoryGas uint64 = 3 // Times the address of the (highest referenced byte in memory + 1). NOTE: referencing happens on read, write and in instructions such as RETURN and CALL.
TxDataNonZeroGasFrontier uint64 = 68 // Per byte of data attached to a transaction that is not equal to zero. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions.
TxDataNonZeroGasEIP2028 uint64 = 16 // Per byte of non zero data attached to a transaction after EIP 2028 (part in Istanbul)
TxAccessListAddressGas uint64 = 2400 // Per address specified in EIP 2930 access list
TxAccessListStorageKeyGas uint64 = 1900 // Per storage key specified in EIP 2930 access list
// These have been changed during the course of the chain
CallGasFrontier uint64 = 40 // Once per CALL operation & message call transaction.
CallGasEIP150 uint64 = 700 // Static portion of gas for CALL-derivates after EIP 150 (Tangerine)
BalanceGasFrontier uint64 = 20 // The cost of a BALANCE operation
BalanceGasEIP150 uint64 = 400 // The cost of a BALANCE operation after Tangerine
BalanceGasEIP1884 uint64 = 700 // The cost of a BALANCE operation after EIP 1884 (part of Istanbul)
ExtcodeSizeGasFrontier uint64 = 20 // Cost of EXTCODESIZE before EIP 150 (Tangerine)
ExtcodeSizeGasEIP150 uint64 = 700 // Cost of EXTCODESIZE after EIP 150 (Tangerine)
SloadGasFrontier uint64 = 50
SloadGasEIP150 uint64 = 200
SloadGasEIP1884 uint64 = 800 // Cost of SLOAD after EIP 1884 (part of Istanbul)
SloadGasEIP2200 uint64 = 800 // Cost of SLOAD after EIP 2200 (part of Istanbul)
ExtcodeHashGasConstantinople uint64 = 400 // Cost of EXTCODEHASH (introduced in Constantinople)
ExtcodeHashGasEIP1884 uint64 = 700 // Cost of EXTCODEHASH after EIP 1884 (part in Istanbul)
SelfdestructGasEIP150 uint64 = 5000 // Cost of SELFDESTRUCT post EIP 150 (Tangerine)
// EXP has a dynamic portion depending on the size of the exponent
ExpByteFrontier uint64 = 10 // was set to 10 in Frontier
ExpByteEIP158 uint64 = 50 // was raised to 50 during Eip158 (Spurious Dragon)
// Extcodecopy has a dynamic AND a static cost. This represents only the
// static portion of the gas. It was changed during EIP 150 (Tangerine)
ExtcodeCopyBaseFrontier uint64 = 20
ExtcodeCopyBaseEIP150 uint64 = 700
// CreateBySelfdestructGas is used when the refunded account is one that does
// not exist. This logic is similar to call.
// Introduced in Tangerine Whistle (Eip 150)
CreateBySelfdestructGas uint64 = 25000
DefaultBaseFeeChangeDenominator = 8 // Bounds the amount the base fee can change between blocks.
DefaultElasticityMultiplier = 2 // Bounds the maximum gas limit an EIP-1559 block may have.
InitialBaseFee = 1000000000 // Initial base fee for EIP-1559 blocks.
DefaultMaxCodeSize = 24576 // Maximum bytecode to permit for a contract
DefaultMaxInitCodeSize = 2 * DefaultMaxCodeSize // Maximum initcode to permit in a creation transaction and create instructions
// Precompiled contract gas prices
EcrecoverGas uint64 = 3000 // Elliptic curve sender recovery gas price
Sha256BaseGas uint64 = 60 // Base price for a SHA256 operation
Sha256PerWordGas uint64 = 12 // Per-word price for a SHA256 operation
Ripemd160BaseGas uint64 = 600 // Base price for a RIPEMD160 operation
Ripemd160PerWordGas uint64 = 120 // Per-word price for a RIPEMD160 operation
IdentityBaseGas uint64 = 15 // Base price for a data copy operation
IdentityPerWordGas uint64 = 3 // Per-work price for a data copy operation
Bn256AddGasByzantium uint64 = 500 // Byzantium gas needed for an elliptic curve addition
Bn256AddGasIstanbul uint64 = 150 // Gas needed for an elliptic curve addition
Bn256ScalarMulGasByzantium uint64 = 40000 // Byzantium gas needed for an elliptic curve scalar multiplication
Bn256ScalarMulGasIstanbul uint64 = 6000 // Gas needed for an elliptic curve scalar multiplication
Bn256PairingBaseGasByzantium uint64 = 100000 // Byzantium base price for an elliptic curve pairing check
Bn256PairingBaseGasIstanbul uint64 = 45000 // Base price for an elliptic curve pairing check
Bn256PairingPerPointGasByzantium uint64 = 80000 // Byzantium per-point price for an elliptic curve pairing check
Bn256PairingPerPointGasIstanbul uint64 = 34000 // Per-point price for an elliptic curve pairing check
Bls12381G1AddGas uint64 = 375 // Price for BLS12-381 elliptic curve G1 point addition
Bls12381G1MulGas uint64 = 12000 // Price for BLS12-381 elliptic curve G1 point scalar multiplication
Bls12381G2AddGas uint64 = 600 // Price for BLS12-381 elliptic curve G2 point addition
Bls12381G2MulGas uint64 = 22500 // Price for BLS12-381 elliptic curve G2 point scalar multiplication
Bls12381PairingBaseGas uint64 = 37700 // Base gas price for BLS12-381 elliptic curve pairing check
Bls12381PairingPerPairGas uint64 = 32600 // Per-point pair gas price for BLS12-381 elliptic curve pairing check
Bls12381MapG1Gas uint64 = 5500 // Gas price for BLS12-381 mapping field element to G1 operation
Bls12381MapG2Gas uint64 = 23800 // Gas price for BLS12-381 mapping field element to G2 operation
P256VerifyGas uint64 = 3450 // secp256r1 elliptic curve signature verifier gas price
// The Refund Quotient is the cap on how much of the used gas can be refunded. Before EIP-3529,
// up to half the consumed gas could be refunded. Redefined as 1/5th in EIP-3529
RefundQuotient uint64 = 2
RefundQuotientEIP3529 uint64 = 5
BlobTxBytesPerFieldElement = 32 // Size in bytes of a field element
BlobTxFieldElementsPerBlob = 4096 // Number of field elements stored in a single data blob
BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob = 1 << 17 // Gas consumption of a single data blob (== blob byte size)
BlobTxMinBlobGasprice = 1 // Minimum gas price for data blobs
BlobTxBlobGaspriceUpdateFraction = 3338477 // Controls the maximum rate of change for blob gas price
BlobTxPointEvaluationPrecompileGas = 50000 // Gas price for the point evaluation precompile.
BlobTxTargetBlobGasPerBlock = 3 * BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob // Target consumable blob gas for data blobs per block (for 1559-like pricing)
MaxBlobGasPerBlock = 6 * BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob // Maximum consumable blob gas for data blobs per block
HistoryServeWindow = 8192 // Number of blocks to serve historical block hashes for, EIP-2935.
)
// Bls12381G1MultiExpDiscountTable is the gas discount table for BLS12-381 G1 multi exponentiation operation
var Bls12381G1MultiExpDiscountTable = [128]uint64{1000, 949, 848, 797, 764, 750, 738, 728, 719, 712, 705, 698, 692, 687, 682, 677, 673, 669, 665, 661, 658, 654, 651, 648, 645, 642, 640, 637, 635, 632, 630, 627, 625, 623, 621, 619, 617, 615, 613, 611, 609, 608, 606, 604, 603, 601, 599, 598, 596, 595, 593, 592, 591, 589, 588, 586, 585, 584, 582, 581, 580, 579, 577, 576, 575, 574, 573, 572, 570, 569, 568, 567, 566, 565, 564, 563, 562, 561, 560, 559, 558, 557, 556, 555, 554, 553, 552, 551, 550, 549, 548, 547, 547, 546, 545, 544, 543, 542, 541, 540, 540, 539, 538, 537, 536, 536, 535, 534, 533, 532, 532, 531, 530, 529, 528, 528, 527, 526, 525, 525, 524, 523, 522, 522, 521, 520, 520, 519}
// Bls12381G2MultiExpDiscountTable is the gas discount table for BLS12-381 G2 multi exponentiation operation
var Bls12381G2MultiExpDiscountTable = [128]uint64{1000, 1000, 923, 884, 855, 832, 812, 796, 782, 770, 759, 749, 740, 732, 724, 717, 711, 704, 699, 693, 688, 683, 679, 674, 670, 666, 663, 659, 655, 652, 649, 646, 643, 640, 637, 634, 632, 629, 627, 624, 622, 620, 618, 615, 613, 611, 609, 607, 606, 604, 602, 600, 598, 597, 595, 593, 592, 590, 589, 587, 586, 584, 583, 582, 580, 579, 578, 576, 575, 574, 573, 571, 570, 569, 568, 567, 566, 565, 563, 562, 561, 560, 559, 558, 557, 556, 555, 554, 553, 552, 552, 551, 550, 549, 548, 547, 546, 545, 545, 544, 543, 542, 541, 541, 540, 539, 538, 537, 537, 536, 535, 535, 534, 533, 532, 532, 531, 530, 530, 529, 528, 528, 527, 526, 526, 525, 524, 524}
var (
DifficultyBoundDivisor = big.NewInt(2048) // The bound divisor of the difficulty, used in the update calculations.
GenesisDifficulty = big.NewInt(131072) // Difficulty of the Genesis block.
MinimumDifficulty = big.NewInt(131072) // The minimum that the difficulty may ever be.
DurationLimit = big.NewInt(13) // The decision boundary on the blocktime duration used to determine whether difficulty should go up or not.
// BeaconRootsAddress is the address where historical beacon roots are stored as per EIP-4788
BeaconRootsAddress = common.HexToAddress("0x000F3df6D732807Ef1319fB7B8bB8522d0Beac02")
// BeaconRootsCode is the code where historical beacon roots are stored as per EIP-4788
BeaconRootsCode = common.FromHex("3373fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffe14604d57602036146024575f5ffd5b5f35801560495762001fff810690815414603c575f5ffd5b62001fff01545f5260205ff35b5f5ffd5b62001fff42064281555f359062001fff015500")
// SystemAddress is where the system-transaction is sent from as per EIP-4788
SystemAddress = common.HexToAddress("0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffe")
// HistoryStorageAddress is where the historical block hashes are stored.
HistoryStorageAddress = common.HexToAddress("0x0000F90827F1C53a10cb7A02335B175320002935")
// HistoryStorageCode is the code with getters for historical block hashes.
HistoryStorageCode = common.FromHex("3373fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffe14604857602036036044575f356001430381116044576205ffd0814303116044576205ffd09006545f5260205ff35b5f5ffd5b5f356205ffd060014303065500")
)