Brazil.bib

@article{adelmanFamiliesGenderRelations2012,
  title = {Families, {{Gender Relations}} and {{Social Change}} in {{Brazil}}: {{Practices}}, {{Discourse}}, {{Policy}}},
  shorttitle = {Families, {{Gender Relations}} and {{Social Change}} in {{Brazil}}},
  author = {Adelman, Miriam and Corrêa De Azevedo, Mariana},
  date = {2012-02},
  journaltitle = {J Child Fam Stud},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--74},
  issn = {1062-1024, 1573-2843},
  doi = {10.1007/s10826-011-9504-x},
  url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10826-011-9504-x},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  abstract = {We discuss three different areas in which policies on gender and the family have been debated and formulated in Brazil, revealing both the forces of change and the many contradictions that are at work within this society today. After a brief look at the historical vicissitudes of families and family life in Brazil, as representations and as forms of social organization, we come to our more immediate context: the re-democratization processes that engulfed Brazilian society as of the 1980s and the social actors generated therein. Issues relating to gender and sexuality become increasingly visible on the broad political agenda that, notwithstanding national specificities, also converges with social, political and cultural trends emerging all over the world in the latter decades of the twentieth century. The three specific issues we discuss here—the Maria da Penha Law on domestic violence, efforts regarding the legalization of abortion and recent debates that have emerged around a bill introduced to give legal status to same-sex relationships—provide testimony of a society characterized by tensions between mechanisms sustaining restrictive definitions of family, linked to male dominance, heterosexism and hierarchical gender roles, and those that push toward more egalitarian, diverse and democratic family relations.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Downloads/Brazil/Adelman and Corrêa De Azevedo - 2012 - Families, Gender Relations and Social Change in Brazil Practices, Discourse, Policy.pdf}
}

@article{alvesContextFamilyPlanning2017,
  title = {The Context of Family Planning in {{Brazil}}},
  author = {Alves, José Eustáquio Diniz},
  date = {2017},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Preferiti},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Zotero/storage/Y2WQDKHM/Alves - The context of family planning in Brazil.pdf}
}

@article{averyOwnChildrenFertility2013,
  title = {The ‘{{Own Children}}’ Fertility Estimation Procedure: {{A}} Reappraisal},
  shorttitle = {The ‘{{Own Children}}’ Fertility Estimation Procedure},
  author = {Avery, Christopher and St. Clair, Travis and Levin, Michael and Hill, Kenneth},
  date = {2013-07},
  journaltitle = {Population Studies},
  volume = {67},
  number = {2},
  pages = {171--183},
  issn = {0032-4728, 1477-4747},
  doi = {10.1080/00324728.2013.769616},
  url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00324728.2013.769616},
  urldate = {2025-04-27},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Avery et al. - 2013 - The ‘Own Children’ fertility estimation procedure A reappraisal.pdf}
}

@inreference{ballBrazil2026,
  title = {Brazil},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia {{Britannica}}},
  author = {Ball, M. and Schneider, R. M. and Burns, E. B. and Martins, L. and Momsen, R. P. and James, P. E.},
  date = {2026-01-07},
  publisher = {Encyclopedia Britannica},
  url = {https://www.britannica.com/place/Brazil},
  langid = {english}
}

@inreference{ballBrazil2026a,
  title = {Brazil},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia {{Britannica}}},
  author = {Ball, M. and James, P. E. and Momsen, R. P. and Burns, E. B. and Schneider, R. M. and Martins, L.},
  date = {2026-01-07},
  publisher = {Encyclopedia Britannica},
  url = {https://www.britannica.com/place/Brazil},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{barbieriClimateChangeMigration,
  title = {Climate Change, Migration and Health: Exploring Potential Scenarios of Population Vulnerability in {{Brazil}}},
  author = {Barbieri, Alisson Flávio and Confalonieri, Ulisses E C},
  abstract = {The main purpose of this paper is to discuss critical linkages between climate change, migration and health, with a particular focus on Brazil. One of the potential impacts of climate change is to induce population displacements, which may in some cases aggravate situations of vulnerability. It is likely, especially in tropical and developing countries, that future population migration induced by climate change may increase population vulnerability given the potential redistribution of endemic infectious diseases. This paper provides a discussion on linkages between climate change, migration and health and analyzes an in-depth case study on Brazil’s Northeast Region between 2025 and 2050, in which projected climate changes are analyzed in terms of their potential impacts on population migration and increased vulnerability, particularly in terms of population health. Finally, the paper discusses how the effects of climate change on future scenarios of increased vulnerability of some population groups can be factored-in to Brazilian public policy and planning, helping to promote prompt and strong action in terms of creation or adaptation of institutional settings at different scales.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Barbieri and Confalonieri - Climate change, migration and health exploring potential scenarios of population vulnerability in B.pdf}
}

@online{BrazilOurWorld,
  title = {Brazil {{Our World}} in {{Data}}},
  url = {https://ourworldindata.org/country/brazil},
  urldate = {2025-05-10},
  abstract = {Population, GDP, life expectancy, birth rate and other key metrics for Brazil.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Zotero/storage/53GWJBUA/brazil.html}
}

@online{BrazilsPopulationWill2024,
  title = {Brazil's Population Will Stop Growing in 2041 | {{News Agency}}},
  date = {2024-08-22T13:00:00+00:00},
  url = {https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/en/agencia-news/2184-news-agency/news/41065-populacao-do-pais-vai-parar-de-crescer-em-2042},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  abstract = {The first IBGE Population Projections with data from the 2022 Population Census, released today (22), estimate that the country's...},
  langid = {british},
  organization = {Agência de Notícias - IBGE},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Zotero/storage/GUPHSDCQ/41065-populacao-do-pais-vai-parar-de-crescer-em-2042.html}
}

@book{brownCausesTropicalDeforestation2023,
  title = {The {{Causes}} of {{Tropical Deforestation}}: {{The Economic}} and {{Statistical Analysis}} of {{Factors Giving Rise}} to the {{Loss}} of the {{Tropical Forests}}},
  shorttitle = {The {{Causes}} of {{Tropical Deforestation}}},
  author = {Brown, Katrina and Pearce, David W.},
  date = {2023-05-19},
  edition = {1},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  location = {London},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003428190},
  url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003428190},
  urldate = {2025-04-29},
  isbn = {978-1-003-42819-0},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Climate Change},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Brown and Pearce - 2023 - The Causes of Tropical Deforestation The Economic and Statistical Analysis of Factors Giving Rise t.pdf}
}

@article{carneiroPOVERTYPROFILEFUNCTIONAL,
  title = {A {{POVERTY PROFILE AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN LABOUR MARKETS}}},
  author = {Carneiro, Francisco Galrão},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Carneiro - A POVERTY PROFILE AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN LABOUR MARKETS.pdf}
}

@article{carolinatomasSpaceInterracialMarriage2017,
  title = {Space and {{Interracial Marriage}}: {{How Does}} the {{Racial Distribution}} of a {{Local Marriage Market Change}} the {{Analysis}} of {{Interracial Marriage}} in {{Brazil}}?},
  shorttitle = {Space and {{Interracial Marriage}}},
  author = {Carolina Tomás, Maria},
  date = {2017-07-23},
  journaltitle = {RELAP},
  volume = {11},
  number = {21},
  pages = {113--139},
  issn = {2393-6401, 2175-8581},
  doi = {10.31406/relap2017.v11.i2.n21.5},
  url = {http://revistarelap.org/index.php/relap/article/view/26},
  urldate = {2025-04-27},
  abstract = {This article focuses on the following question: How would interracial marriage rates change when considering the racial distribution of the local marriage market? I used data from the Brazilian Census for the years 1991 and 2000 and loglinear models. The results show that homogamy-heterogamy rates have traditionally been overestimated, as demonstrated by a change that ranges between 15.3 percent and 43.2 percent, when the local racial distribution of spouses is considered. The gap between the percentage differences is smaller in 2000 than in 1991. When analyzing the homogamy-heterogamy rates for each marriage market, one observes that the interaction between a spouse’s race and the marriage market is important, with very few exceptions. In addition, although most meso-regions have homogamy-heterogamy rates similar to the average, there are some important regional differences, especially in the South, where the levels are higher than the average.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Preferiti},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Carolina Tomás - 2017 - Space and Interracial Marriage How Does the Racial Distribution of a Local Marriage Market Change t.pdf}
}

@book{cattaneoPracticalIntroductionRegression2024,
  title = {A {{Practical Introduction}} to {{Regression Discontinuity Designs}}: {{Extensions}}},
  shorttitle = {A {{Practical Introduction}} to {{Regression Discontinuity Designs}}},
  author = {Cattaneo, Matias D. and Idrobo, Nicolas and Titiunik, Rocío},
  date = {2024-04-30},
  edition = {1},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  doi = {10.1017/9781009441896},
  url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009441896/type/element},
  urldate = {2025-11-13},
  abstract = {In this Element, which continues our discussion in Foundations, the authors provide an accessible and practical guide for the analysis and interpretation of Regression Discontinuity (RD) designs that encourages the use of a common set of practices and facilitates the accumulation of RD-based empirical evidence. The focus is on extensions to the canonical sharp RD setup that we discussed in Foundations. The discussion covers (i) the local randomization framework for RD analysis, (ii) the fuzzy RD design where compliance with treatment is imperfect, (iii) RD designs with discrete scores, and (iv) and multi-dimensional RD designs.},
  isbn = {978-1-009-44189-6 978-1-009-46232-7 978-1-009-44190-2},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Articles and Books/Aricles and Books Econometrics/Cattaneo et al. - 2024 - A Practical Introduction to Regression Discontinuity Designs Extensions.pdf}
}

@online{ceonGlossarioAtlasGeografico,
  title = {Glossario of Atlas Geográfico Escolar},
  author = {CEON},
  url = {https://atlasescolar.ibge.gov.br/glossario.html},
  urldate = {2025-05-10},
  abstract = {Ilustrações animadas sobre geografia, cartografia e consulta a mapas do Brasil e do Mundo de forma fácil.},
  langid = {brazilian},
  organization = {Atlas Geográfico Escolar - IBGE},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Zotero/storage/3B99C4EU/glossario.html}
}

@online{ceonUnitsFederationAtlas,
  title = {Units of the Federation, Atlas Geográfico Escolar},
  author = {CEON},
  url = {https://atlasescolar.ibge.gov.br/unidades-da-federacao.html},
  urldate = {2025-05-10},
  abstract = {Ilustrações animadas sobre geografia, cartografia e consulta a mapas do Brasil e do Mundo de forma fácil.},
  langid = {brazilian},
  organization = {Atlas Geográfico Escolar - IBGE},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Zotero/storage/P8NNJYFZ/unidades-da-federacao.html}
}

@article{clarkePhantomMenaceOmitted2005,
  title = {The {{Phantom Menace}}: {{Omitted Variable Bias}} in {{Econometric Research}}},
  shorttitle = {The {{Phantom Menace}}},
  author = {Clarke, Kevin A.},
  date = {2005-09},
  journaltitle = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
  volume = {22},
  number = {4},
  pages = {341--352},
  issn = {0738-8942, 1549-9219},
  doi = {10.1080/07388940500339183},
  url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1080/07388940500339183},
  urldate = {2026-01-09},
  abstract = {Quantitative political science is awash in control variables. The justification for these bloated specifications is usually the fear of omitted variable bias. A key underlying assumption is that the danger posed by omitted variable bias can be ameliorated by the inclusion of relevant control variables. Unfortunately, as this article demonstrates, there is nothing in the mathematics of regression analysis that supports this conclusion. The inclusion of additional control variables may increase or decrease the bias, and we cannot know for sure which is the case in any particular situation. A brief discussion of alternative strategies for achieving experimental control follows the main result.},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{costaStructuralTransformationLabor2021,
  title = {Structural Transformation and Labor Productivity in {{Brazil}}},
  author = {Costa, Daniela and Marcolino, Marcos},
  date = {2021},
  journaltitle = {Revista Brasileira de Economia},
  volume = {75},
  number = {4},
  issn = {0034-7140},
  doi = {10.5935/0034-7140.20210020},
  url = {https://periodicos.fgv.br/rbe/article/view/81758},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Preferiti},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Costa and Marcolino - 2021 - Structural transformation and labor productivity in Brazil.pdf}
}

@book{cunninghamCausalInferenceMixtape2021,
  title = {Causal Inference: The Mixtape},
  shorttitle = {Causal Inference},
  author = {Cunningham, Scott},
  date = {2021},
  publisher = {Yale University Press},
  location = {New Haven London},
  abstract = {"An accessible and contemporary introduction to the methods for determining cause and effect in the social sciences Causal inference encompasses the tools that allow social scientists to determine what causes what. Economists--who generally can't run controlled experiments to test and validate their hypotheses--apply these tools to observational data to make connections. In a messy world, causal inference is what helps establish the causes and effects of the actions being studied, whether the impact (or lack thereof) of increases in the minimum wage on employment, the effects of early childhood education on incarceration later in life, or the introduction of malaria nets in developing regions on economic growth. Scott Cunningham introduces students and practitioners to the methods necessary to arrive at meaningful answers to the questions of causation, using a range of modeling techniques and coding instructions for both the R and Stata programming languages."--Publisher's description},
  isbn = {978-0-300-25168-5 978-0-300-25588-1},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {1}
}

@article{danielatruccoInequalitiesParticipationDigital2022,
  title = {Inequalities and Participation in the Digital Society: Online Experiences among Children and Adolescents in {{Brazil}} and {{Chile}}},
  shorttitle = {Inequalities and Participation in the Digital Society},
  author = {{Daniela Trucco} and {Patricio Cabello} and {Magdalena Claro}},
  date = {2022-11-30},
  journaltitle = {CEPAL Review},
  volume = {2022},
  number = {137},
  pages = {145--174},
  issn = {16840348},
  doi = {10.18356/16840348-2022-137-8},
  url = {https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/journals/16840348/2022/137/8},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  abstract = {This paper presents a comparative analysis of the Global Kids Online research network data from Brazil and Chile in 2016 relating to children’s digital access, uses and skills. Results show that high-frequency users tend to be from higher socioeconomic groups. Girls and higher-income children perceive higher levels of risk on the Internet. The most common areas of use are related to learning and social life. The type of guidance that children receive matters: active mediation strategies at home and school are vital for increasing children’s digital opportunities, while restrictive mediation tends to reduce them. Also, parental mediation appears to be unequally distributed, showing differences by age, gender and socioeconomic group. These results contribute to discussions on promoting digital opportunities and reducing risks.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Daniela Trucco et al. - 2022 - Inequalities and participation in the digital society online experiences among children and adolesc.pdf}
}

@article{defariassouzaThoughtsInequalityOpportunities2017,
  title = {Thoughts on the Inequality of Opportunities: {{New}} Evidence: {{Wallace Patrick Santos}} de {{Farias Souza}}, {{Ana Cláudia Annegues}} and {{Victor Rodrigues}} de {{Oliveira}}},
  shorttitle = {Thoughts on the Inequality of Opportunities},
  author = {De Farias Souza, Wallace Patrick Santos and Annegues, Ana Claudia and Rodrigues De Oliveira, Victor},
  date = {2017-10-23},
  journaltitle = {CEPAL Review},
  volume = {2017},
  number = {121},
  pages = {103--121},
  issn = {16840348},
  doi = {10.18356/7b2d8869-en},
  url = {https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/journals/16840348/2017/121/11},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  abstract = {This article evaluates the effects of a set of variables on the inequality of opportunities in Brazil, using the method developed by Li, Chen and Gao (2011) and combining data from the National Household Survey (PNAD) and Finanças do Brasil (FINBRA) on the Brazilian states for 1995-2012. The results show that economic growth has become less important in that debate than other conditioning factors over the last few years. The current pattern of education spending contributes to the maintenance of social vulnerability, thereby making it harder for individuals to participate fully in society. In contrast, increases in formal education and formalization have made opportunities less unequal.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Preferiti},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Downloads/Brazil/De Farias Souza et al. - 2017 - Thoughts on the inequality of opportunities New evidence Wallace Patrick Santos de Farias Souza, A.pdf}
}

@article{ferreirademendoncaIncomeInequalityBrazil2014,
  title = {Income Inequality in {{Brazil}}: {{What}} Has Changed in Recent Years?},
  shorttitle = {Income Inequality in {{Brazil}}},
  author = {Ferreira De Mendonça, Helder and Martins Esteves, Diogo},
  date = {2014-12-03},
  journaltitle = {CEPAL Review},
  volume = {2014},
  number = {112},
  pages = {107--123},
  issn = {16840348},
  doi = {10.18356/8be4e79e-en},
  url = {https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/journals/16840348/2014/112/6},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  abstract = {This paper provides empirical evidence to assess the impact of socioeconomic and political variables on different measures of income inequality based on the 27 units of the Brazilian federation in the period from 1999 to 2008. The Brazilian experience is a good example for understanding the income inequality policies in developing countries. The findings suggest that the improvement observed along the period under analysis is a result of the combination of increased trade openness, technological and financial development, a reduction in the unemployment rate, the adoption of social policies that imply a direct effect on the poorest families and the adoption of mechanisms against corruption.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Preferiti},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Ferreira De Mendonça and Martins Esteves - 2014 - Income inequality in Brazil What has changed in recent years.pdf}
}

@book{hemmingChangeAmazonBasin1985,
  title = {Change in the {{Amazon}} Basin},
  author = {Hemming, John},
  date = {1985},
  volume = {2},
  publisher = {Manchester University Press},
  url = {https://books.google.com/books?hl=it&lr=&id=bhq8AAAAIAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=john+hemming+(ed.),+change+in+the+amazon+basin,+2+vol.+(1985)&ots=eAL0ss3VVH&sig=WImYjgiibylCoD8MiXUyF6e5WLY},
  urldate = {2025-04-27}
}

@dataset{hubertsBrazilianEducationPanel2025,
  type = {CSV,PDF,dta},
  title = {Brazilian {{Education Panel Databases}}: 1996-2015},
  shorttitle = {Brazilian {{Education Panel Databases}}},
  author = {Huberts, Alyssa and Machado, Fabiana and Bank, Inter-American Development},
  date = {2025},
  pages = {3486510 kb},
  publisher = {IADB},
  doi = {10.60966/AN5LCAYS},
  url = {https://prod.iadb.links.com.au/dataset/0a2f1361-0f3a-46e4-8825-2f6560bef7a5},
  urldate = {2025-11-25},
  langid = {english},
  note = {\subsection{Other}

The Brazilian Schools Panel database and Brazilian Municipal Education Panel Database combine and simplify 20 years' worth of data from the Brazilian School Census, educational testing, and educational indicators. This report provides an introduction to the data and serves as a road map to their strengths and limitations.}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibge2007IBGE,
  title = {2007 | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/16861-2007-population-count.html?lang=en-GB},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibge2019IBGE,
  title = {2019 | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/health/16840-national-survey-of-health.html?lang=en-GB},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeAgriculturalIndicatorsIBGE,
  title = {Agricultural {{Indicators}} | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/agriculture-forestry-and-fishing/17084-agricultural-indicators.html},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeBackwardProjectionPopulation,
  title = {Backward {{Projection}} of {{Population}} | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/18177-backward-projection-of-population.html?edicao=18179&t=resultados},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeCidadesibgegovbr,
  title = {Cidades.Ibge.Gov.Br},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/panorama},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {Cidades@ IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeCidadesibgegovbra,
  title = {Cidades.Ibge.Gov.Br},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://cidades.ibge.gov.br},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {Cidades@ IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeConsiderationsMigrationFlows,
  title = {Considerations on {{Migration Flows}} in {{Brazil}} | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/17297-considerations-on-migration-flows-in-brazil.html},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeDataMatchingIBGE,
  title = {Data {{Matching}} | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/26266-data-matching.html?edicao=43427},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeDemographyEnterprisesIBGE,
  title = {Demography of {{Enterprises}} | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/other-economic-statistics/16853-demography-of-enterprises.html?=&t=downloads},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeDemographyEnterprisesIBGEa,
  title = {Demography of {{Enterprises}} | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/other-economic-statistics/16853-demography-of-enterprises.html?=&t=publicacoes},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeDemographyEnterprisesStatistics,
  title = {Demography of {{Enterprises}} and {{Statistics}} of {{Entrepreneurship}} | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/other-economic-statistics/22733-demography-of-enterprises-and-statistics-of-entrepreneurship.html?=&t=notas-tecnicas},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeEducationLaborIBGE,
  title = {Education and {{Labor}} | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/labor/16843-education-and-labor.html},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeEstimatesResidentPopulation,
  title = {Estimates of Resident Population for {{Municipalities}} and {{Federation Units}} | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/18448-estimates-of-resident-population-for-municipalities-and-federation-units.html?=&t=resultados},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeEstimativasPopulacaoResidente,
  title = {Estimativas Da População Residente Para Os Municípios e Para as Unidades Da Federação | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/populacao/9103-estimativas-de-populacao.html?=&t=downloads},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeEthnoRacialCharacteristicsPopulation,
  title = {Ethno-{{Racial Characteristics}} of the {{Population}} | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/17590-ethno-racial-characteristics-of-the-population.html?=&t=downloads},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeGrossDomesticProduct,
  title = {Gross {{Domestic Product}} of {{Municipalities}} | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/national-accounts/19567-gross-domestic-product-of-municipalities.html?=&t=downloads},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeIBGE,
  title = {{{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://painel.ibge.gov.br/pnadc},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE Painel},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeIBGEBibliotecaIBGE,
  title = {{{IBGE}} | {{Biblioteca IBGE}} | {{Biblioteca}} | {{Detalhes}} | {{Reflexões}} Sobre Os Deslocamentos Populacionais No {{Brasil}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=249781&view=detalhes},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE Biblioteca},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeIBGEConceitosMetodos,
  title = {{{IBGE}} | {{Conceitos}} e Métodos - {{Metadados}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://metadados.ibge.gov.br/consulta/estatisticos/operacoes-estatisticas},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE Metadados},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeInputOutputMatrixIBGE,
  title = {Input-{{Output Matrix}} | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/national-accounts/16940-input-output-matrix.html},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeInternationalComparisonProgram,
  title = {International {{Comparison Program}} | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/prices-and-costs/19769-international-comparison-program.html},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeListMunicipalPopulations,
  title = {List of {{Municipal Populations}} to Be Published in the {{Official Gazette}} in 2023 | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/37757-relacao-da-populacao-dos-municipios-para-publicacao-no-dou-2.html},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeMonthlyDisseminationIBGE,
  title = {Monthly Dissemination | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/education/16833-monthly-dissemination-pnadc1.html?lang=en-GB&t=microdados},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeMonthlyDisseminationIBGEa,
  title = {Monthly Dissemination | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/labor/16833-monthly-dissemination-pnadc1.html?=&t=downloads},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgePIAEnterpriseIBGE,
  title = {{{PIA-Enterprise}} | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/industry-and-construction/16906-pia-enterprise-pia1.html},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgePopulationProjectionIBGE,
  title = {Population {{Projection}} | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/18176-population-projection.html},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@report{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeReflexoesSobreOs,
  title = {Reflexões Sobre Os Deslocamentos Populacionais No {{Brasil}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  institution = {IBGE},
  url = {https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv49781.pdf},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeSistemaIBGERecuperacao,
  title = {Sistema {{IBGE}} de {{Recuperação Automática}} - {{SIDRA}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/pesquisa/pnadcm/tabelas},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {SIDRA IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeSistemaIBGERecuperacaoa,
  title = {Sistema {{IBGE}} de {{Recuperação Automática}} - {{SIDRA}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/pesquisa/snipc/ipca/tabelas/brasil/maio-2025},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {SIDRA IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeTabuasCompletasMortalidade,
  title = {Tábuas {{Completas}} de {{Mortalidade}} | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/populacao/9126-tabuas-completas-de-mortalidade.html?=&t=downloads},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutobrasileirodegeografiaeestatisticaibgeUrbanizedAreasIBGE,
  title = {Urbanized {{Areas}} | {{IBGE}}},
  author = {{Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}},
  publisher = {IBGE},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/geosciences/maps/brazil-geographic-networks-mapasdobrasil/18097-urbanized-areas.html?lang=en-GB&t=downloads},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {IBGE},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutonacionaldeestudosepesquisaseducacionaisanisioteixeirainepInepMicrodadosCenso,
  title = {Inep: {{Microdados}} Do {{Censo Escolar}} Da {{Educação Básica}}},
  author = {{Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep)}},
  publisher = {Governo Federal do Brasil},
  url = {https://dados.gov.br/dados/conjuntos-dados/inep-microdados-do-censo-escolar-da-educacao-basica},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {Portal de Dados Abertos (dados.gov.br)},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutonacionaldeestudosepesquisaseducacionaisanisioteixeirainepInepMicrodadosSaeb,
  title = {Inep: {{Microdados}} Do {{Saeb}}},
  author = {{Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep)}},
  publisher = {Governo Federal do Brasil},
  url = {https://dados.gov.br/dados/conjuntos-dados/inep-microdados-do-saeb},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  organization = {Portal de Dados Abertos (dados.gov.br)},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{institutonacionaldeestudosepesquisaseducacionaisanisioteixeirainepSaebInstitutoNacional,
  title = {Saeb — Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira | Inep},
  author = {{Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep)}},
  publisher = {Inep},
  url = {https://www.gov.br/inep/pt-br/acesso-a-informacao/dados-abertos/microdados/saeb},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  langid = {en; pg},
  organization = {Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep)},
  keywords = {ibge_raindrop}
}

@online{IPUMSOnlineData,
  title = {{{IPUMS Online Data Analysis System}}},
  url = {https://international.ipums.org/international/sda.shtml},
  urldate = {2026-01-07},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {IPUMS Online Data Analysis System}
}

@book{kellstedtFundamentalsPoliticalScience2018,
  title = {The {{Fundamentals}} of {{Political Science Research}}},
  author = {Kellstedt, Paul M. and Whitten, Guy D.},
  date = {2018},
  edition = {3},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  location = {Cambridge},
  doi = {10.1017/9781108131704},
  url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/D216914982BC901C8E50461818D387A7},
  abstract = {The third edition of the best-selling The Fundamentals of Political Science Research provides an introduction to the scientific study of politics. It offers the basic tools necessary for readers to become both critical consumers and beginning producers of scientific research on politics. The authors present an integrated approach to research design and empirical analyses whereby researchers can develop and test causal theories. They use examples from political science research that students will find interesting and inspiring, and that will help them understand key concepts. The book makes technical material accessible to students who might otherwise be intimidated by mathematical examples. This revised third edition features new 'Your Turn' boxes meant to engage students. The edition also has new sections added throughout the book to enhance the content's clarity and breadth of coverage.},
  isbn = {978-1-316-64267-2}
}

@online{legislacaobasicadosusLegislacaoBasicaSUS,
  title = {Legislação Básica do SUS},
  author = {Legislação Básica do SUS},
  url = {https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/legislacao-basica-do-sus/},
  urldate = {2025-05-10},
  langid = {brazilian},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Zotero/storage/94MHSNWP/legislacao-basica-do-sus.html}
}

@article{lerchFertilityDeclineUrban2019,
  title = {Fertility {{Decline}} in {{Urban}} and {{Rural Areas}} of {{Developing Countries}}},
  author = {Lerch, Mathias},
  date = {2019-06},
  journaltitle = {Population \& Development Rev},
  volume = {45},
  number = {2},
  pages = {301--320},
  issn = {0098-7921, 1728-4457},
  doi = {10.1111/padr.12220},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/padr.12220},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Preferiti},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Lerch - 2019 - Fertility Decline in Urban and Rural Areas of Developing Countries.pdf}
}

@article{luizcarlosbresser-pereiraBrazilEffectsCOVID192021,
  title = {Brazil: {{The}} Effects of {{COVID-19}} and Recovery},
  shorttitle = {Brazil},
  author = {{Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira}},
  date = {2021-08-27},
  journaltitle = {CEPAL Review},
  volume = {2020},
  number = {132},
  pages = {133--142},
  issn = {16840348},
  doi = {10.18356/16840348-2020-132-7},
  url = {https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/journals/16840348/2020/132/7},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  abstract = {This article analyses the effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on Brazil’s population and economy, including its high mortality rate per 100,000 inhabitants and its slow stabilization. A brief comparison is made with what is happening in a similar Latin American country, Argentina, where the results in terms of mortality per 100,000 inhabitants have been better, and in France, where the recovery has been more robust. The article also assesses the efficiency of expenditures and notes that the comparison is also not favourable for Brazil. Lastly, it addresses the problem of financing and argues that only Argentina resorted to treasury bond purchases by the central bank, the policy adopted in most rich countries that have their own currency and central bank (which France does not have).},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira - 2021 - Brazil The effects of COVID-19 and recovery.pdf}
}

@article{machadoFamiliasIndividualismoTendencias2001,
  title = {Famílias e individualismo: tendências contemporâneas no Brasil},
  shorttitle = {Famílias e individualismo},
  author = {Machado, Lia Zanotta},
  date = {2001-02},
  journaltitle = {Interface (Botucatu)},
  volume = {5},
  number = {8},
  pages = {11--26},
  issn = {1414-3283},
  doi = {10.1590/S1414-32832001000100002},
  url = {http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1414-32832001000100002&lng=pt&tlng=pt},
  urldate = {2025-05-10},
  abstract = {Este artigo apresenta pontos de reflexão sobre o debate atual em torno do presente e do futuro da "instituição família" e do "valor" da família diante da generalização do individualismo. Na sociedade brasileira, o código relacional faz da parentela e da família um valor que atravessa toda a sociedade, e se articula com o código individualista, constituindo variedades de formas de organização familiar que obedecem a princípios de reciprocidade e hierarquia, de acordo com as posições e situações de classe. A fraca generalização das condições cidadãs, pode transformar o princípio da igualdade individual de direitos na universalização do anonimato, da indiferença e da dessensibilização.           ,              Este artículo presenta puntos de reflexión sobre el debate actual respecto al presente y futuro de la "institución familia" y al "valor" de la familia frente a la generalización del individualismo. En la sociedad brasileña, el código relacional hace de la parentela y de la familia un valor que atraviesa toda la sociedad y se articula con el código individualista, constituyendo formas variadas de organización familiar que obedecem a principios de reciprocidad y jerarquía, de acuerdo con las posiciones y situaciones de clase. La generalización inconsistente de las condiciones ciudadanas, puede transformar el principio de la igualdad individual de derechos en la universalización del anonimato, de la indiferencia y de la desensibilización.           ,              This paper presents issues pertaining to the current debate on the present and the future of the "institution of the family", and of the "value" of the family vis à vis the generalization of individualism. In Brazilian society, the code of personal relations transforms relatives and the family into a value that permeates all of society, and that is articulated with the individualist code, leading to a variety of kinds of family organization that abide by the principles of reciprocity and hierarchy, according to class situations and positions. The frail generalization of the conditions of citizenship can transform the principle of individual equality of rights into the universalization of anonymity, of indifference and of desensitization.},
  langid = {portuguese},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Zotero/storage/SXGTBZ7M/Machado - 2001 - Famílias e individualismo tendências contemporâneas no Brasil.pdf}
}

@article{maritzarosalesEffectsContinuousBenefit2023,
  title = {Effects of the {{Continuous Benefit Programme}} on the Nutritional Status and Food Security of Older Persons in {{Brazil}}},
  author = {{Maritza Rosales} and {Leonardo Bornacki de Mattos} and {Cláudia César Batista Julião}},
  date = {2023-09-08},
  journaltitle = {CEPAL Review},
  volume = {2023},
  number = {140},
  pages = {165--184},
  issn = {16840348},
  doi = {10.18356/16840348-2023-140-9},
  url = {https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/journals/16840348/2023/140/9},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  abstract = {Addressing the needs of older persons poses public-policy challenges. The obstacles that the poorest older persons face in securing their livelihoods, compounded by physiological and metabolic changes and the presence of chronic diseases, make them more vulnerable. This study evaluates the impact of the Continuous Benefit Programme (BPC) on the nutritional status and food security levels of older persons in Brazil, using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design with microdata drawn from the 2017–2018 Consumer Expenditure Survey (POF). On average, participation in the programme is found to increase the probability that an older person will be food-secure, and to reduce his/her chances of suffering mild food insecurity. Although the objective of the programme is to reduce poverty, these findings can support the formulation of public policies that promote the quality of life of older persons, by acting on purchasing power, health and nutrition.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Maritza Rosales et al. - 2023 - Effects of the Continuous Benefit Programme on the nutritional status and food security of older per.pdf}
}

@book{martineUrbanizationFertilityDecline2013,
  title = {Urbanization and Fertility Decline: Cashing in on Structural Change},
  shorttitle = {Urbanization and Fertility Decline},
  author = {Martine, George and Diniz Alves, José Eustáquio and Cavenaghi, Suzana},
  with = {{International Institute for Environment and Development}},
  date = {2013},
  publisher = {{International Institute for Environment and Development}},
  location = {London},
  isbn = {978-1-84369-995-8},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {43},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Martine et al. - 2013 - Urbanization and fertility decline cashing in on structural change.pdf}
}

@article{martinPopulationGrowthDeforestation2023,
  title = {Population Growth and Deforestation in {{Amazonas}}, {{Brazil}}, from 1985 to 2020},
  author = {Martin, Scot T.},
  date = {2023-12},
  journaltitle = {Popul Environ},
  volume = {45},
  number = {4},
  pages = {27},
  issn = {0199-0039, 1573-7810},
  doi = {10.1007/s11111-023-00438-z},
  url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11111-023-00438-z},
  urldate = {2025-04-28},
  abstract = {Amazonas state represents 37\% of the Amazônia biome in Brazil. Although Amazonas remains 98\% forested, its contribution to annual biome deforestation increased substantially in the past ten years. Herein, the connections between population and deforestation in Amazonas are investigated from 1985 through 2020. Anthropogenic landcover fraction and population density varied spatially and temporally across the 62 municipalities of the state. The temporal variability had specific geographic patterns, and three microregions were identified. Economic development along the southern border, arising from agricultural activities in the pattern of classical deforestation in Amazônia, was characterized by large increases in anthropogenic landcover but only small changes in population. Economic development along the Amazon River, characterized by large increases in population and anthropogenic landcover, represented urbanization and the growth of industry and agriculture. Economic development along the western border, based on trade and commerce with Peru and Colombia, corresponded to increases in population without large increases in anthropogenic landcover. The three microregions were quantitatively characterized by different slopes between anthropogenic landcover fraction and population density. The connections between deforestation and population varied by a factor of 50 × among the different microregions, suggesting important considerations for the future forest preservation in Amazonas. That time is now given the increasing importance of this region, which twice approached 20\% of the total annual deforestation in Amazônia over the past decade.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Climate Change},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Martin - 2023 - Population growth and deforestation in Amazonas, Brazil, from 1985 to 2020.pdf}
}

@article{matthieuclementAnatomyBrazilianMiddle2020,
  title = {Anatomy of the {{Brazilian}} Middle Class: {{Identification}}, Behaviours and Expectations},
  shorttitle = {Anatomy of the {{Brazilian}} Middle Class},
  author = {{Matthieu Clément} and {Yves-André Fauré} and {Jean-Philippe Berrou} and {François Combarnous} and {Dominique Darbon} and {Éric Rougier}},
  date = {2020-04-30},
  journaltitle = {CEPAL Review},
  volume = {2020},
  number = {130},
  pages = {129--147},
  issn = {16840348},
  doi = {10.18356/16840348-2020-130-7},
  url = {https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/journals/16840348/2020/130/7},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  abstract = {This article aims to analyse the composition of the Brazilian middle class and its main behaviours and expectations. Combining a quantitative analysis based on the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) and a qualitative survey carried out among households belonging to the middle class, it reveals the following characteristics. First, the Brazilian middle class is heterogeneous and a substantial part of it remains vulnerable to poverty. Second, the middle class exhibits consumer behaviour largely sustained by credit. Third, in terms of expectations, the Brazilian middle class prioritizes health, education, security and housing and is particularly critical of the quality of public services, all the more so as it faces a high tax burden. While the upper middle class is able to bypass these failures via private services, the most vulnerable elements of the middle class remain very dependent on these low-quality public services.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Preferiti},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Matthieu Clément et al. - 2020 - Anatomy of the Brazilian middle class Identification, behaviours and expectations.pdf}
}

@article{MCCRARY2008698,
  title = {Manipulation of the Running Variable in the Regression Discontinuity Design: {{A}} Density Test},
  author = {McCrary, Justin},
  date = {2008},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Econometrics},
  volume = {142},
  number = {2},
  pages = {698--714},
  issn = {0304-4076},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.005},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304407607001133},
  abstract = {Standard sufficient conditions for identification in the regression discontinuity design are continuity of the conditional expectation of counterfactual outcomes in the running variable. These continuity assumptions may not be plausible if agents are able to manipulate the running variable. This paper develops a test of manipulation related to continuity of the running variable density function. The methodology is applied to popular elections to the House of Representatives, where sorting is neither expected nor found, and to roll call voting in the House, where sorting is both expected and found.}
}

@article{mokyrIntellectualOriginsModern2005,
  title = {The {{Intellectual Origins}} of {{Modern Economic Growth}}},
  author = {MOKYR, JOEL},
  date = {2005},
  journaltitle = {The Journal of Economic History},
  edition = {2005/06/16},
  volume = {65},
  number = {2},
  pages = {285--351},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  issn = {0022-0507},
  doi = {10.1017/S0022050705000112},
  url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/138F07525A5105E29E7113705D393C51},
  abstract = {The intellectual origins of the Industrial Revolution are traced back to the Baconian program of the seventeenth century, which aimed at expanding the set of useful knowledge and applying natural philosophy to solve technological problems and bring about economic growth. The eighteenth-century Enlightenment in the West carried out this program through a series of institutional developments that both increased the amount of knowledge and its accessibility to those who could make best use of it. Without the Enlightenment, therefore, an Industrial Revolution could not have transformed itself into the sustained economic growth starting in the early nineteenth century.}
}

@article{mokyrIntellectualOriginsModern2005a,
  title = {The Intellectual Origins of Modern Economic Growth},
  author = {Mokyr, Joel},
  date = {2005},
  journaltitle = {The Journal of Economic History},
  volume = {65},
  number = {2},
  pages = {285--351},
  doi = {10.1017/S0022050705000112}
}

@article{monteirodasilvaEducationalPairingsFertility2022,
  title = {Educational Pairings and Fertility Decline in {{Brazil}}: {{An}} Analysis Using Cohort Fertility},
  shorttitle = {Educational Pairings and Fertility Decline in {{Brazil}}},
  author = {Monteiro Da Silva, José Henrique Costa and Campos De Lima, Everton Emanuel and Coleta Ferreira Albino De Oliveira, Maria},
  date = {2022-01-18},
  journaltitle = {DemRes},
  volume = {46},
  pages = {147--178},
  issn = {1435-9871},
  doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2022.46.6},
  url = {https://www.demographic-research.org/articles/volume/46/6},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  abstract = {BACKGROUND Brazil’s fertility transition was the result of multiple socioeconomic transformations that started during the second quarter of the 20th century. Education expansion played an important role in this process by promoting changes in social norms and in assortative mating profiles.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Preferiti},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Monteiro Da Silva et al. - 2022 - Educational pairings and fertility decline in Brazil An analysis using cohort fertility.pdf}
}

@article{musilSerologicalDifferencesIsolates1975,
  title = {Serological Differences between Some Isolates of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus},
  author = {Musil, M.},
  date = {1975-11},
  journaltitle = {Acta Virol},
  volume = {19},
  number = {6},
  eprint = {1992},
  eprinttype = {pubmed},
  pages = {473--480},
  issn = {0001-723X},
  abstract = {The degree of serological relatedness of three isolates of bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) was studied. One common antigenic group (m) was demonstrated in all 3 isolates. In addition, another antigenic group (a) was demonstrated in the isolate FvM1. This group was absent from the isolates TpM3 and TpM11, in which the antigenic group n was found. Antisera to the 3 isolates contained the corresponding antibody groups. The antibody group (M) shared by all 3 BYMV isolates was present in the FvM1 antiserum in a level only a little higher than the second antibody group (A). Antisera to TpM3 and TpM11 isolates showed only a low titre of M antibody, while the second antibody group (N) reached titres from 512 to 1024. Cross-absorption tests revealed serological identity of both isolates of the "necrotic type" (TpM3 and TpM11) and allowed to estimate the degree of their serological relatedness to representatives of the "mosaic type" isolates of BYMV (FvM1).},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Absorption,Animals,Antibodies Viral,Antigen-Antibody Reactions,Antigens Viral,Cross Reactions,Immune Sera,Mosaic Viruses,Plant Viruses,Precipitins,Rabbits,Vegetables}
}

@misc{NationalBiodiversityStrategy2025,
  title = {National {{Biodiversity Strategy}}},
  date = {2025},
  url = {https://www.cbd.int/countries?country=br},
  urldate = {2025-05-10},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Downloads/Brazil/br-nbsap-v3-en.pdf}
}

@book{nieuwenhuisPalgraveHandbookFamily2020,
  title = {The {{Palgrave Handbook}} of {{Family Policy}}},
  editor = {Nieuwenhuis, Rense and Van Lancker, Wim},
  date = {2020},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  location = {Cham},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2},
  url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  isbn = {978-3-030-54617-5 978-3-030-54618-2},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Nieuwenhuis and Van Lancker - 2020 - The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy.pdf}
}

@online{PopulationPyramidsWorld,
  title = {Population {{Pyramids}} of the {{World}} from 1950 to 2100},
  url = {https://www.populationpyramid.net/             brazil/2024/},
  urldate = {2025-05-10},
  abstract = {Brazil - 2024},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {PopulationPyramid.net},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Zotero/storage/FL95AWCB/2024.html}
}

@online{PortalIBGE1967,
  title = {Portal Do {{IBGE}}},
  date = {1967},
  url = {https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/home-eng.html?lang=en-GB},
  urldate = {2025-05-10},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Zotero/storage/H4MZ73HT/home-eng.html}
}

@article{possebomFreeTradeZone2017,
  title = {Free Trade Zone of {{Manaus}}: {{Na}} Impact Evaluation Using the Synthetic Control Method},
  shorttitle = {Free Trade Zone of {{Manaus}}},
  author = {Possebom, Vitor Augusto},
  date = {2017},
  journaltitle = {Revista Brasileira de Economia},
  volume = {71},
  number = {2},
  issn = {0034-7140},
  doi = {10.5935/0034-7140.20170011},
  url = {https://periodicos.fgv.br/rbe/article/view/62251},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Zotero/storage/6RAWHJB5/Possebom - 2017 - Free trade zone of Manaus Na impact evaluation using the synthetic control method.pdf}
}

@article{rangelAlimonyRightsIntrahousehold2006,
  title = {Alimony {{Rights}} and {{Intrahousehold Allocation}} of {{Resources}}: {{Evidence}} from {{Brazil}}},
  shorttitle = {Alimony {{Rights}} and {{Intrahousehold Allocation}} of {{Resources}}},
  author = {Rangel, Marcos A.},
  date = {2006-07-01},
  journaltitle = {The Economic Journal},
  volume = {116},
  number = {513},
  pages = {627--658},
  issn = {0013-0133, 1468-0297},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1468-0297.2006.01104.x},
  url = {https://academic.oup.com/ej/article/116/513/627/5087855},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Downloads/Brazil/Rangel - 2006 - Alimony Rights and Intrahousehold Allocation of Resources Evidence from Brazil.pdf}
}

@article{ribeiroEducationalExpansionClass,
  title = {Educational Expansion and Class Mobility Trends in {{Brazil}}},
  author = {Ribeiro, Carlos A Costa},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Ribeiro - Educational expansion and class mobility trends in Brazil.pdf}
}

@article{roblesSocialProtectionSystems,
  title = {Social Protection Systems in {{Latin America}} and the {{Caribbean}}: {{Brazil}}},
  author = {Robles, Claudia and Mirosevic, Vlado},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Robles and Mirosevic - Social protection systems in Latin America and the Caribbean Brazil.pdf}
}

@article{rochaGrowthHeterogeneityHuman2020,
  title = {Growth and Heterogeneity of Human Capital: Effects of the Expansion of Higher Education on the Income Increase in {{Brazilian}} Municipalities},
  author = {Rocha, Leonardo Andrade and Silva, Napiê Galvê Araújo},
  date = {2020},
  abstract = {This study analyses the effects of the expansion of the highly skilled labour force (higher education) on the per capita income increase in Brazilian municipalities. The results show that a larger highly educated labour force translates into stronger growth in the most developed municipalities with fewer opportunity costs, measured by wage differences. The reduction of regional inequalities fostered by the expansion of higher education over the past 15 years will become sustainable if the increase in the skill supply is accompanied by a rise in demand, so the opportunity costs between factors are reduced and the skill premium grows.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Preferiti},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Rocha and Silva - 2020 - Growth and heterogeneity of human capital effects of the expansion of higher education on the incom.pdf}
}

@article{rubianedanielecardosodealmeidaDemographicAspectsRegional2023,
  title = {Demographic Aspects and Regional Income Convergence in {{Brazil}}: A Panel Data Approach},
  shorttitle = {Demographic Aspects and Regional Income Convergence in {{Brazil}}},
  author = {{Rubiane Daniele Cardoso de Almeida} and {Benjamin M. Tabak} and {Tito Belchior Silva Moreira}},
  date = {2023-09-20},
  journaltitle = {CEPAL Review},
  volume = {2023},
  number = {139},
  pages = {197--210},
  issn = {16840348},
  doi = {10.18356/16840348-2023-139-10},
  url = {https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/journals/16840348/2023/139/10},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  abstract = {The framework of condition convergence forms the theoretical basis for different dynamic panel data approaches, but depending on the specifications, the method and the time period, results can vary significantly. This article presents empirical results of applying different panel data approaches to study the impact of demographic factors on regional growth of the 27 states of Brazil over 2000–2014. The results suggest that estimation using the generalized method of moments (GMM) is likely to be more consistent and efficient than the other methods studied. The results also point to a significant and negative relation between the demographic variables and regional economic growth. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the literature, by offering a comparative model framework and an analysis of demographics and economic growth.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Preferiti},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Downloads/Brazil/Rubiane Daniele Cardoso de Almeida et al. - 2023 - Demographic aspects and regional income convergence in Brazil a panel data approach.pdf}
}

@article{salgueiroperobelliSystemicAnalysisHealth2016,
  title = {Systemic Analysis of the Health Sector through the Input-Output Matrix, 2000-2005},
  author = {Salgueiro Perobelli, Fernando and Viegas Andrade, Mônica and Domingues, Edson Paulo and Sousa Santiago, Flaviane and De Assis Cabral, Joilson and Barbosa Rodrigues, Lucas},
  date = {2016-03-28},
  journaltitle = {CEPAL Review},
  volume = {2015},
  number = {116},
  pages = {101--126},
  issn = {16840348},
  doi = {10.18356/1d41eeb5-en},
  url = {https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/journals/16840348/2015/116/6},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  abstract = {This article provides a systemic analysis of the health sector in Brazil, based on a study of its productive structure and its interactions with the other sectors of the economy. The article draws on unpublished data on the National Health Accounts provided by the Brazilian Geographical and Statistical Institute (ibge); and it proposes a methodology for harmonizing the System of National Accounts (input-output matrix) with the Health Satellite Accounts for 2000 and 2005. This sheds light on the relations that exist between the health sector and the other sectors the economy, through input-output indicators.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Preferiti},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Downloads/Brazil/Salgueiro Perobelli et al. - 2016 - Systemic analysis of the health sector through the input-output matrix, 2000-2005.pdf}
}

@incollection{siebererSelectingIndependentVariables2007,
  title = {Selecting {{Independent Variables}}: {{Competing Recommendations}} for {{Factor-Centric}} and {{Outcome-Centric Research Designs}}},
  booktitle = {Research {{Design}} in {{Political Science}}: {{How}} to {{Practice What They Preach}}},
  author = {Sieberer, Ulrich},
  editor = {Gschwend, Thomas and Schimmelfennig, Frank},
  date = {2007},
  pages = {163--182},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan UK},
  location = {London},
  doi = {10.1057/9780230598881_9},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230598881_9},
  abstract = {The decision as to which variables should be included in a quest for explanation is both a fundamental and a tricky decision in any research design. On the one hand, it is practically impossible to include all variables that could possibly have any explanatory value. On the other hand, it is equally problematic to focus completely on one variable considered important and thereby ignore all others. This chapter discusses some basic methodological choices which must be confronted when selecting independent variables for a research project and the trade-offs associated with these choices.},
  isbn = {978-0-230-59888-1}
}

@article{SociodemographicInequalityGaps,
  title = {Sociodemographic Inequality Gaps in the {{Amazon}} Region: Support for the Preparation and Implementation of the {{Amazonian Strategic Cooperation Agenda}}},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Sociodemographic inequality gaps in the Amazon region support for the preparation and implementatio.pdf}
}

@book{southeyHistoryBrazil2012,
  title = {History of {{Brazil}}},
  author = {Southey, Robert},
  date = {2012},
  series = {Cambridge {{Library Collection}} - {{Latin American Studies}}},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press}
}

@article{souzaEducationDevelopmentBrazil2001,
  title = {Education and Development in {{Brazil}}, 1995-2000},
  author = {Souza, Paulo Renato},
  date = {2001-07-08},
  journaltitle = {CEPAL Review},
  volume = {2001},
  number = {73},
  pages = {65--80},
  issn = {16840348},
  doi = {10.18356/7fd1f75a-en},
  url = {https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/journals/16840348/2001/73/4},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Downloads/Brazil/Souza - 2001 - Education and development in Brazil, 1995-2000.pdf}
}

@article{sydenstricker-netoPopulationDeforestationBrazilian2012,
  title = {Population and Deforestation in the {{Brazilian Amazon}}: A Mediating Perspective and a Mixed-Method Analysis},
  shorttitle = {Population and Deforestation in the {{Brazilian Amazon}}},
  author = {Sydenstricker-Neto, John},
  date = {2012-09},
  journaltitle = {Popul Environ},
  volume = {34},
  number = {1},
  pages = {86--112},
  issn = {0199-0039, 1573-7810},
  doi = {10.1007/s11111-012-0173-5},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11111-012-0173-5},
  urldate = {2025-04-28},
  abstract = {As progress is made in understanding the dynamics of land-use and land-cover change (LUCC), arguments that view population pressure as one of the major factors affecting forest destruction continue to be framed. Following the advances in the field of population-environment studies, this paper contends that a full account of the complex web of drivers involved in tropical deforestation needs to go beyond demographics per se. This paper examines the contribution of the ‘‘population factor’’ as a cause of deforestation in Machadinho D’Oeste, Rondˆonia, Brazilian Amazonia, an area with significant small-scale farming. Conceptually, the paper shows that socioeconomic status and mediating factors (i.e., education, managerial skills, previous rural experience, integration into the local, and regional contexts), and attitudes and behaviors toward the land parcel development mediate migrants’ relationships with the local environment. The analysis combines multiple data sources (i.e., demographic census, household survey, land-cover maps, in-depth interviews) and analytical approaches (i.e., fuzzy sets statistics, remote-sensing/GIS analysis, interpretivist qualitative assessment) to examine the complex interrelationships between LUCC and human population.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Climate Change},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Sydenstricker-Neto - 2012 - Population and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon a mediating perspective and a mixed-method ana.pdf}
}

@article{tassiagazeholguinGrossFixedCapital2023,
  title = {Gross Fixed Capital Formation in the {{Brazilian}} Health Sector: Methodology and Results for 2010–2019},
  shorttitle = {Gross Fixed Capital Formation in the {{Brazilian}} Health Sector},
  author = {{Tassia Gazé Holguin} and {Thiago Miguez} and {Lia Hasenclever} and {Fabio Freitas}},
  date = {2023-09-08},
  journaltitle = {CEPAL Review},
  volume = {2023},
  number = {140},
  pages = {185--202},
  issn = {16840348},
  doi = {10.18356/16840348-2023-140-10},
  url = {https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/journals/16840348/2023/140/10},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  abstract = {Health satellite accounts provide information to elucidate the interaction between the health sector and the rest of the economy. However, in Brazil these accounts have gaps, such as a lack of data on gross fixed capital formation. The aim of this article is to present a methodology to measure gross fixed capital formation in the health sector in 2010–2019 and to analyse the data thus obtained. The results show that gross fixed capital formation in the health sector is biased towards machinery and equipment rather than construction. The share of private investment increased throughout the period whereas public investment declined.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Preferiti},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Tassia Gazé Holguin et al. - 2023 - Gross fixed capital formation in the Brazilian health sector methodology and results for 2010–2019.pdf}
}

@article{tiefenthalerProductivityGainsMarriage1997,
  title = {The {{Productivity Gains}} of {{Marriage}}: {{Effects}} of {{Spousal Education}} on {{Own Productivity}} across {{Market Sectors}} in {{Brazil}}*},
  shorttitle = {The {{Productivity Gains}} of {{Marriage}}},
  author = {Tiefenthaler, Jill},
  date = {1997-04},
  journaltitle = {Economic Development and Cultural Change},
  volume = {45},
  number = {3},
  pages = {633--650},
  issn = {0013-0079, 1539-2988},
  doi = {10.1086/452294},
  url = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/452294},
  urldate = {2025-04-27},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Tiefenthaler - 1997 - The Productivity Gains of Marriage Effects of Spousal Education on Own Productivity across Market S.pdf}
}

@article{travitzkiWhatDoesNational2014,
  title = {What Does the {{National High School Exam}} ({{ENEM}}) Tell {{Brazilian}} Society?},
  author = {Travitzki, Rodrigo and Calero, Jorge and Boto, Carlota},
  date = {2014-12-31},
  journaltitle = {CEPAL Review},
  volume = {2014},
  number = {113},
  pages = {157--174},
  issn = {16840348},
  doi = {10.18356/5db107a1-en},
  url = {https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/journals/16840348/2014/113/9},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  abstract = {This article assesses the limitations and potentials of the National High School Exam (enem) as an indicator of school effectiveness in Brazil, and considers the effects of introducing contextual variables. A multilevel regression analysis was performed on three levels (individual, school and state) using microdata on 17,359 schools from 2009 and 2010. Contextual factors made it possible to explain 79\% of the difference between schools. The raw average and value-added (random effect at the school level) produced contrasting evaluations in 34\% of cases; and the average was more stable (r = 0.8) than value-added (r = 0.5) in both years. Various shortcomings in the enem as an indicator of school effectiveness were identified. The results show that this league table reveals more about socioeconomic conditions than the schools’ own merit, in other words the value-added they are supposedly providing to the students.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Preferiti},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Downloads/Brazil/Travitzki et al. - 2014 - What does the National High School Exam (ENEM) tell Brazilian society.pdf}
}

@article{tritschPopulationDensitiesDeforestation2016,
  title = {Population Densities and Deforestation in the {{Brazilian Amazon}}: {{New}} Insights on the Current Human Settlement Patterns},
  shorttitle = {Population Densities and Deforestation in the {{Brazilian Amazon}}},
  author = {Tritsch, Isabelle and Le Tourneau, François-Michel},
  date = {2016-11},
  journaltitle = {Applied Geography},
  volume = {76},
  pages = {163--172},
  issn = {01436228},
  doi = {10.1016/j.apgeog.2016.09.022},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0143622816304568},
  urldate = {2025-04-29},
  abstract = {This paper provides the first analysis at the sub-municipality scale of the relationships between population densities and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon between 2000 and 2010. We use the database on deforestation published by the Brazilian space research center (INPE) and the population census data released by the federal geographical and statistical agency IBGE at their finest scale: the census tract level. By crossing the population density and deforestation variables, we identify ten human settlement patterns in the Amazon. There are low-low and high-high classes of population density and deforestation, but also low-high and high-low classes. This analysis helps understand the low overall relations in the Amazon for population and deforestation. We emphasize the expansion of large-scale agriculture and cattle ranching as causing the depopulation of rural areas while in many regions of the Amazon quite strong population densities coexist with relatively low extents of deforestation. Such findings stress the need to implement case-specific public policies in these regions in order to encourage human presence compatible with the conservation of forest cover and biodiversity. We also confirm the importance of the Amazon urbanization process, including the ‘discrete urbanization’ of rural areas, and the need to better recognize the distinct social and environmental problems of urban areas.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Climate Change},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Downloads/Brazil/Tritsch and Le Tourneau - 2016 - Population densities and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon New insights on the current human se 2.pdf;/Users/filippo/Downloads/Brazil/Tritsch and Le Tourneau - 2016 - Population densities and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon New insights on the current human se.pdf;/Users/filippo/Zotero/storage/XVMTCGX4/Tritsch and Le Tourneau - 2016 - Population densities and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon New insights on the current human se.pdf}
}

@article{turmenaReforma1deg2deg2022,
  title = {A reforma de 1° e 2° graus de 1971 e a reforma do ensino médio de 2017: Algumas aproximações},
  shorttitle = {reforma de 1° e 2° graus de 1971 e a reforma do ensino médio de 2017},
  author = {Turmena, Leandro and Bitencourt, Junior Cesar},
  date = {2022-11-30},
  journaltitle = {Educ. Escr.},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {e43895},
  issn = {2179-8435},
  doi = {10.15448/2179-8435.2022.1.43895},
  url = {https://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/index.php/porescrito/article/view/43895},
  urldate = {2025-05-10},
  abstract = {This text aims to make some approximations in relation to the 1st and 2nd grades reform law no. 5,692 of 1971 and the reform of secondary education, law no. 13,415 of 2017. Among other aspects, it is possible to point out the pro fessionalization process in the training of students in the 1971 reform and the induction of professionalization at the high school level with the current proposal, both inserted in coup contexts (civil-military in 1964 and legal-media-parliamentary in 2016). Methodologically, the article was developed through bibliographic research (consultation of works and scientific articles), as well as documents related to the theme. Considering that there are similarities between the reforms, resulting in developments for public education, the text has a preliminary character, which will require, for a more complete approach, in the perspective of totality, the development of new research.},
  langid = {portuguese},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Zotero/storage/97KSQZCX/Turmena and Bitencourt - 2022 - reforma de 1° e 2° graus de 1971 e a reforma do ensino médio de 2017 Algumas aproximações.pdf}
}

@book{unfpaPopulationDynamicsClimate2011,
  title = {Population {{Dynamics}} and {{Climate Change}}},
  author = {(UNFPA), United Nations Population Fund},
  date = {2011},
  edition = {1st ed},
  publisher = {United Nations Publications},
  location = {Bloomfield},
  abstract = {Intro -- Table of contents -- Foreword -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Population dynamics -- 3. Reproductive health and its linkages with development and poverty reduction -- 4. The way forward -- References -- Annex. Graphs and tables -- Acknowledgements},
  isbn = {978-0-89714-919-8 978-92-1-054925-7},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {1},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Downloads/Brazil/(UNFPA) - 2011 - Population Dynamics and Climate Change.pdf}
}

@article{unitednationseconomiccommissionforlatinamericaandthecaribbeanShrinkingStateExploring2024,
  title = {The Shrinking {{State}}: {{Exploring}} the Links between Public Spending and Class, Race and Gender Vulnerability in {{Brazil Arthur Welle}} and {{Ana Luíza Matos}} de {{Oliveira}}},
  shorttitle = {The Shrinking {{State}}},
  author = {{United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean}},
  date = {2024-04-30},
  journaltitle = {CEPAL Review},
  volume = {2024},
  number = {142},
  pages = {199--216},
  issn = {16840348},
  doi = {10.18356/16840348-2024-142-10},
  url = {https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/journals/16840348/2024/142/10},
  urldate = {2025-04-26},
  abstract = {The objective of this article is to understand the class, race and gender profile of persons who would be most affected if the Brazilian State were to stop providing health and education services. The article begins with a review of class, race and gender inequalities in Brazil, and then examines the role of the State in that regard. The second section presents an analysis of public education and health expenditures through a discussion of the class, race and gender profiles of users and a simulation of the elimination of public health and education spending. The third section contains concluding remarks. The article proposes that the elimination of public services would plunge poorer, Black2 and female populations (categories which often overlap) into severe financial hardship and negatively affect their well-being and could deepen poverty or lead to extreme poverty.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Preferiti},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Downloads/Brazil/United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean - 2024 - The shrinking State Exploring the links between public spending and class, race and gender vulnerab.pdf}
}

@online{unitednationsWorldConferencePopulation1974,
  title = {World {{Conference}} on {{Population}}},
  author = {United Nations},
  date = {1974},
  publisher = {United Nations},
  url = {https://www.un.org/en/conferences/population/bucharest1974},
  urldate = {2025-05-10},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {United Nations},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/n7538820.pdf}
}

@article{urquiaAssociationsChildAdolescent2022,
  title = {Associations between Child and Adolescent Marriage and Reproductive Outcomes in {{Brazil}}, {{Ecuador}}, the {{United States}} and {{Canada}}},
  author = {Urquia, Marcelo Luis and Batista, Rosangela and Grandi, Carlos and Cardoso, Viviane Cunha and Orozco, Fadya and Fafard St. Germain, Andrée-Anne},
  date = {2022-12},
  journaltitle = {BMC Public Health},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1410},
  issn = {1471-2458},
  doi = {10.1186/s12889-022-13766-w},
  url = {https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-022-13766-w},
  urldate = {2025-04-27},
  abstract = {Background: Although marriage is associated with favourable reproductive outcomes among adult women, it is not known whether the marriage advantage applies to girls ({$<$} 18 years). The contribution of girl child marriage ({$<$} 18 years) to perinatal health is understudied in the Americas. Methods: National singleton birth registrations were used to estimate the prevalence of girl child marriage among mothers in Brazil (2011–2018, N = 23,117,661), Ecuador (2014–2018, N = 1,519,168), the USA (2014–2018, N = 18,618,283) and Canada (2008–2018, N = 3,907,610). The joint associations between marital status and maternal age groups ({$<$} 18, 18–19 and 20–24 years) with preterm birth ({$<$} 37 weeks), small‑for‑gestational age (SGA {$<$} 10 percen‑tile) and repeat birth were assessed with logistic regression. Results: The proportion of births to {$<$} 18‑year‑old mothers was 9.9\% in Ecuador, 8.9\% in Brazil, 1.5\% in the United States and 0.9\% in Canada, and marriage prevalence among {$<$} 18‑year‑old mothers was 3.0\%, 4.8\%, 3.7\% and 1.7\%, respectively. In fully‑adjusted models, marriage was associated with lower odds of preterm birth and SGA among 20–24‑year‑old mothers in the four countries. Compared to unmarried 20–24‑year‑old women, married and unmar‑ried {$<$} 18‑year‑old girls had higher odds of preterm birth in the four countries, and slightly higher odds of SGA in Brazil and Ecuador but not in the USA and Canada. In comparisons within age groups, the odds of repeat birth among {$<$} 18‑year‑old married mothers exceeded that of their unmarried counterparts in Ecuador [AOR: 1.99, 95\%CI: 1.82, 2.18], the USA [AOR: 2.96, 95\%CI: 2.79, 3.14], and Canada [AOR: 2.17, 95\%CI: 1.67, 2.82], although minimally in Brazil [AOR: 1.09, 95\%CI: 1.07, 1.11]. Conclusions: The prevalence of births to {$<$} 18‑year‑old mothers varies considerably in the Americas. Girl child marriage was differentially associated with perinatal health indicators across countries, suggesting context‑specific mechanisms.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Downloads/Brazil/Urquia et al. - 2022 - Associations between child and adolescent marriage and reproductive outcomes in Brazil, Ecuador, the.pdf}
}

@book{vereintenationenTablasMortalidadLife2017,
  title = {Tablas de Mortalidad: = {{Life}} Tables},
  shorttitle = {Tablas de Mortalidad},
  editor = {{Vereinte Nationen}},
  date = {2017},
  series = {Observatorio Demográfico},
  number = {2017},
  publisher = {Naciones Unidas, CEPAL},
  location = {Santiago},
  isbn = {978-92-1-121966-1},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {212},
  file = {/Users/filippo/Library/CloudStorage/OneDrive-UniversitàCommercialeLuigiBocconi/Desktop/Corsi Anno 4/2-Secondo Semestre/Population Dynamics and Policies/Population Report/Brazil/Vereinte Nationen - 2017 - Tablas de mortalidad = Life tables.pdf}
}