diff --git a/acbu_oracle/src/lib.rs b/acbu_oracle/src/lib.rs
index 57e7ff21..5dea0cbd 100644
--- a/acbu_oracle/src/lib.rs
+++ b/acbu_oracle/src/lib.rs
@@ -438,6 +438,16 @@ impl OracleContract {
             }
         }
 
+        if sources.len() > 0 {
+            let min_sigs: u32 = env
+                .storage()
+                .instance()
+                .get(&DATA_KEY.min_signatures)
+                .unwrap();
+            let required = min_sigs.max(MIN_ORACLE_SOURCE_FEEDS);
+            if sources.len() < required {
+                env.panic_with_error(OracleError::InsufficientOracleSources);
+            }
         let min_sigs: u32 = env
             .storage()
             .instance()
diff --git a/acbu_oracle/tests/test.rs b/acbu_oracle/tests/test.rs
index 50875d1c..8b1b8248 100644
--- a/acbu_oracle/tests/test.rs
+++ b/acbu_oracle/tests/test.rs
@@ -699,3 +699,142 @@ fn test_rate_not_initialized_before_first_submission() {
     let result = client.try_get_acbu_usd_rate_with_timestamp();
     assert!(result.is_err(), "get_acbu_usd_rate_with_timestamp should fail before first submission");
 }
+
+// ─── Oracle quorum / InsufficientOracleSources tests (#319) ──────────────────
+
+/// Submitting sources.len() > 0 but below max(min_signatures, MIN_ORACLE_SOURCE_FEEDS=3)
+/// must panic with InsufficientOracleSources (#7009).
+#[test]
+#[should_panic]
+fn test_update_rate_too_few_sources_panics() {
+    let env = Env::default();
+    env.mock_all_auths();
+    env.ledger().with_mut(|l| l.timestamp = 1_000_000);
+
+    let admin = Address::generate(&env);
+    let validator = Address::generate(&env);
+    let mut validators = Vec::new(&env);
+    validators.push_back(validator.clone());
+
+    let ngn = CurrencyCode::new(&env, "NGN");
+    let mut currencies = Vec::new(&env);
+    currencies.push_back(ngn.clone());
+    let mut basket_weights = Map::new(&env);
+    basket_weights.set(ngn.clone(), 10_000i128);
+
+    let contract_id = env.register_contract(None, OracleContract);
+    let client = OracleContractClient::new(&env, &contract_id);
+    // min_signatures = 1, but MIN_ORACLE_SOURCE_FEEDS = 3, so required = max(1,3) = 3
+    client.initialize(&admin, &validators, &1u32, &currencies, &basket_weights);
+
+    let mut two_sources = Vec::new(&env);
+    two_sources.push_back(1_000_000i128);
+    two_sources.push_back(1_000_000i128);
+    // 2 sources < 3 required → must panic
+    client.update_rate(&validator, &ngn, &1_000_000i128, &two_sources, &env.ledger().timestamp());
+}
+
+/// Submitting exactly MIN_ORACLE_SOURCE_FEEDS sources must succeed.
+#[test]
+fn test_update_rate_exactly_min_sources_succeeds() {
+    let env = Env::default();
+    env.mock_all_auths();
+    env.ledger().with_mut(|l| l.timestamp = 1_000_000);
+
+    let admin = Address::generate(&env);
+    let validator = Address::generate(&env);
+    let mut validators = Vec::new(&env);
+    validators.push_back(validator.clone());
+
+    let ngn = CurrencyCode::new(&env, "NGN");
+    let mut currencies = Vec::new(&env);
+    currencies.push_back(ngn.clone());
+    let mut basket_weights = Map::new(&env);
+    basket_weights.set(ngn.clone(), 10_000i128);
+
+    let contract_id = env.register_contract(None, OracleContract);
+    let client = OracleContractClient::new(&env, &contract_id);
+    client.initialize(&admin, &validators, &1u32, &currencies, &basket_weights);
+
+    // Exactly 3 sources (MIN_ORACLE_SOURCE_FEEDS) — must not panic.
+    let mut three_sources = Vec::new(&env);
+    three_sources.push_back(1_000_000i128);
+    three_sources.push_back(1_001_000i128);
+    three_sources.push_back(999_000i128);
+    client.update_rate(&validator, &ngn, &1_000_000i128, &three_sources, &env.ledger().timestamp());
+
+    let stored = client.get_rate(&ngn);
+    // median of [999_000, 1_000_000, 1_001_000] = 1_000_000
+    assert_eq!(stored, 1_000_000, "median of 3 sources should be 1_000_000");
+}
+
+/// Submitting zero sources must still be accepted (bypass path — rate param is used directly).
+#[test]
+fn test_update_rate_zero_sources_bypasses_quorum_check() {
+    let env = Env::default();
+    env.mock_all_auths();
+    env.ledger().with_mut(|l| l.timestamp = 1_000_000);
+
+    let admin = Address::generate(&env);
+    let validator = Address::generate(&env);
+    let mut validators = Vec::new(&env);
+    validators.push_back(validator.clone());
+
+    let ngn = CurrencyCode::new(&env, "NGN");
+    let mut currencies = Vec::new(&env);
+    currencies.push_back(ngn.clone());
+    let mut basket_weights = Map::new(&env);
+    basket_weights.set(ngn.clone(), 10_000i128);
+
+    let contract_id = env.register_contract(None, OracleContract);
+    let client = OracleContractClient::new(&env, &contract_id);
+    client.initialize(&admin, &validators, &1u32, &currencies, &basket_weights);
+
+    // Empty sources: quorum guard is skipped entirely; rate param is stored as-is.
+    let empty_sources = Vec::new(&env);
+    let submitted_rate = 1_234_567i128;
+    client.update_rate(&validator, &ngn, &submitted_rate, &empty_sources, &env.ledger().timestamp());
+
+    assert_eq!(client.get_rate(&ngn), submitted_rate, "empty sources should store the rate param directly");
+}
+
+/// When min_signatures > MIN_ORACLE_SOURCE_FEEDS the larger threshold applies.
+#[test]
+#[should_panic]
+fn test_update_rate_min_sigs_larger_than_min_feeds_is_enforced() {
+    let env = Env::default();
+    env.mock_all_auths();
+    env.ledger().with_mut(|l| l.timestamp = 1_000_000);
+
+    let admin = Address::generate(&env);
+    let v1 = Address::generate(&env);
+    let v2 = Address::generate(&env);
+    let v3 = Address::generate(&env);
+    let v4 = Address::generate(&env);
+    let v5 = Address::generate(&env);
+
+    let mut validators = Vec::new(&env);
+    validators.push_back(v1.clone());
+    validators.push_back(v2.clone());
+    validators.push_back(v3.clone());
+    validators.push_back(v4.clone());
+    validators.push_back(v5.clone());
+
+    let ngn = CurrencyCode::new(&env, "NGN");
+    let mut currencies = Vec::new(&env);
+    currencies.push_back(ngn.clone());
+    let mut basket_weights = Map::new(&env);
+    basket_weights.set(ngn.clone(), 10_000i128);
+
+    let contract_id = env.register_contract(None, OracleContract);
+    let client = OracleContractClient::new(&env, &contract_id);
+    // min_signatures = 5 > MIN_ORACLE_SOURCE_FEEDS = 3, so required = 5
+    client.initialize(&admin, &validators, &5u32, &currencies, &basket_weights);
+
+    // Only 3 sources — below min_signatures=5 threshold → must panic
+    let mut three_sources = Vec::new(&env);
+    three_sources.push_back(1_000_000i128);
+    three_sources.push_back(1_001_000i128);
+    three_sources.push_back(999_000i128);
+    client.update_rate(&v1, &ngn, &1_000_000i128, &three_sources, &env.ledger().timestamp());
+}
diff --git a/acbu_reserve_tracker/src/lib.rs b/acbu_reserve_tracker/src/lib.rs
index 280c3465..5f0d128d 100644
--- a/acbu_reserve_tracker/src/lib.rs
+++ b/acbu_reserve_tracker/src/lib.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ pub enum ReserveTrackerError {
     AdminTimelockNotElapsed = 8005,
     NoPendingAdminToCancel = 8006,
     Unauthorized = 8007,
+    DuplicateCurrency = 8008,
     AttestationNotFound = 8008,
     InvalidMerkleProof = 8009,
     InvalidCustodian = 8010,
diff --git a/acbu_reserve_tracker/tests/test.rs b/acbu_reserve_tracker/tests/test.rs
index 38ee1db7..e6647010 100644
--- a/acbu_reserve_tracker/tests/test.rs
+++ b/acbu_reserve_tracker/tests/test.rs
@@ -743,4 +743,4 @@ fn test_get_latest_attestation_before_submit_panics() {
         result.is_err(),
         "get_latest_attestation must panic when no attestation has been submitted"
     );
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}