[Bug] Broadcast endpoint fails with "Missing stack for program 'gmp_lib_v1.aleo'" despite successful local verification

[Prabinbaral77]

Bug: Broadcast endpoint fails with "Missing stack for program 'gmp_lib_v1.aleo'" despite successful local verification

Summary

We are able to successfully execute and verify a transaction locally using Leo, but broadcasting the same transaction through the Explorer API fails during transaction verification with:

Invalid transaction — Execution verification failed - Missing stack for program 'gmp_lib_v1.aleo'

The imported program (gmp_lib_v1.aleo) is already deployed on mainnet and the target program has successfully processed transactions previously.

Environment

• Network: Mainnet
• Endpoint: https://api.explorer.provable.com/v2
• Leo CLI: 4.0.1
• Command: leo execute ... --broadcast

Previously Successful Transaction

The program asset_manager_core_v1.aleo has already executed successfully on mainnet:

Transaction:
https://explorer.provable.com/transaction/at12jr58z5rz9agae9n9xuukmt4slrs73gwc2ccuelzcpp4stwpkv9qdyxxl3

Reproduction

Attempt to execute:

asset_manager_core_v1.aleo/transfer_native_public

using:

leo execute asset_manager_core_v1.aleo/transfer_native_public \
"3443843282313283355522573239085696902919850365217539366784739393210722344986field" \
"[0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,25u8,41u8,117u8,105u8,84u8,76u8,176u8,131u8,126u8,72u8,215u8,71u8,243u8,73u8,193u8,114u8,246u8,64u8,133u8,138u8]" \
"1u64" \
"3117037301u128" \
"[0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8]" \
"0u64" \
"146u128" \
"[0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,0u8,96u8,197u8,104u8,27u8,209u8,219u8,78u8,80u8,115u8,92u8,76u8,163u8,56u8,96u8,5u8,164u8,186u8,73u8,55u8,192u8]" \
--network mainnet \
--endpoint https://api.explorer.provable.com/v2 \
--broadcast \
--yes \
--blocks-to-check 8 \
--print

Expected Behavior

The transaction should pass verification and be accepted for broadcast, since:

1. Local execution succeeds.
2. Local verification succeeds.
3. The program has already executed successfully on mainnet.
4. All imported programs are deployed.

Actual Behavior

Broadcast fails with:

Failed to broadcast execution 'asset_manager_core_v1.aleo'

Endpoint:
https://api.explorer.provable.com/v2/mainnet/transaction/broadcast

Status:
500 Internal Server Error

Response:
{
  "statusCode": 500,
  "timestamp": "2026-06-24T08:41:36.790Z",
  "path": "/v2/mainnet/transaction/broadcast?check_transaction=true",
  "method": "POST",
  "message": "Debug node error: \"Invalid transaction — Execution verification failed - Missing stack for program 'gmp_lib_v1.aleo'\""
}

Question

Is this error indicative of the broadcast/check_transaction debug node being out of sync (i.e. the VM process has not loaded the deployed gmp_lib_v1.aleo stack), or is there an additional client-side requirement when executing programs that import deployed dependencies?

[vicsn]

Some thoughts for debugging this: When doing the above execution, print the call graph and which aleo transition and which snarkVM function we're in when the above error surfaces. We have a lot of places with the same error message.

[Prabinbaral77]

@vicsn I had print all the call graph for aleo transition. you can check this out from attached docs
https://docs.google.com/document/d/109HXpHKWO8N1p5C-6ehEug93uYS1jI_87ECPUvDIV8o/edit?usp=sharing