A large number of methods collectively compute descriptive statistics and other related operations on DataFrame. Most of these are aggregations like sum(), mean(), but some of them, like sumsum(), produce an object of the same size. Generally speaking, these methods take an axis argument, just like ndarray.{sum, std, ...}, but the axis can be specified by name or integer DataFrame − “index” (axis=0, default), “columns” (axis=1)
Let us create a DataFrame and use this object throughout this chapter for all the operations.
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
#Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack', 'Lee','David','Gasper','Betina','Andres']),
'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23,34,40,30,51,46]),
'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8,3.78,2.98,4.80,4.10,3.65])}
#Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print( df ) Age Name Rating
0 25 Tom 4.23
1 26 James 3.24
2 25 Ricky 3.98
3 23 Vin 2.56
4 30 Steve 3.20
5 29 Smith 4.60
6 23 Jack 3.80
7 34 Lee 3.78
8 40 David 2.98
9 30 Gasper 4.80
10 51 Betina 4.10
11 46 Andres 3.65
### ``sum()``
Returns the sum of the values for the requested axis. By default, axis is index (axis=0). import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
#Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack', 'Lee','David','Gasper','Betina','Andres']),
'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23,34,40,30,51,46]),
'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8,3.78,2.98,4.80,4.10,3.65])}
#Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print( df.sum() ) Age 382
Name TomJamesRickyVinSteveSmithJackLeeDavidGasperBe...
Rating 44.92
dtype: object
Each individual column is added individually (Strings are appended). axis=1 This syntax will give the output as shown below.
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
#Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack', 'Lee','David','Gasper','Betina','Andres']), 'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23,34,40,30,51,46]), 'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8,3.78,2.98,4.80,4.10,3.65])}
#Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print(df.sum(1)) 0 29.23
1 29.24
2 28.98
3 25.56
4 33.20
5 33.60
6 26.80
7 37.78
8 42.98
9 34.80
10 55.10
11 49.65
dtype: float64
Returns the average value
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
#Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack', 'Lee','David','Gasper','Betina','Andres']),
'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23,34,40,30,51,46]),
'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8,3.78,2.98,4.80,4.10,3.65])}
#Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print(df.mean()) Age 31.833333
Rating 3.743333
dtype: float64
Returns the Bressel standard deviation of the numerical columns.
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
#Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack', 'Lee','David','Gasper','Betina','Andres']),
'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23,34,40,30,51,46]),
'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8,3.78,2.98,4.80,4.10,3.65])}
#Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print(df.std() )Age 9.232682
Rating 0.661628
dtype: float64
Its output is as follows − Age 9.232682 Rating 0.661628 dtype: float64 Functions & Description
Let us now understand the functions under Descriptive Statistics in Python Pandas. The following table list down the important functions
1. count() Number of non-null observations
2. sum() Sum of values
3. mean() Mean of Values
4. median() Median of Values
5. mode() Mode of values
6. std() Standard Deviation of the Values
7. min() Minimum Value
8. max() Maximum Value
9. abs() Absolute Value
10. prod() Product of Values
11. cumsum() Cumulative Sum
12. cumprod() Cumulative Product
Note − Since DataFrame is a Heterogeneous data structure. Generic operations don’t work with all functions. Functions like sum(), cumsum() work with both numeric and character (or) string data elements without any error.
Though n practice, character aggregations are never used generally, these functions do not throw any exception. Functions like abs(), cumprod() throw exception when the DataFrame contains character or string data because such operations cannot be performed.
The describe() function computes a summary of statistics pertaining to the DataFrame columns.
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
#Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack', 'Lee','David','Gasper','Betina','Andres']),
'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23,34,40,30,51,46]),
'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8,3.78,2.98,4.80,4.10,3.65])}
#Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print(df.describe()) Its output is as follows − Age Rating count 12.000000 12.000000 mean 31.833333 3.743333 std 9.232682 0.661628 min 23.000000 2.560000 25% 25.000000 3.230000 50% 29.500000 3.790000 75% 35.500000 4.132500 max 51.000000 4.800000 This function gives the mean, std and IQR values. And, function excludes the character columns and given summary about numeric columns. 'include' is the argument which is used to pass necessary information regarding what columns need to be considered for summarizing. Takes the list of values; by default, 'number'. object − Summarizes String columns number − Summarizes Numeric columns all − Summarizes all columns together (Should not pass it as a list value)
Now, use the following statement in the program and check the output − import pandas as pd import numpy as np
#Create a Dictionary of series d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack', 'Lee','David','Gasper','Betina','Andres']), 'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23,34,40,30,51,46]), 'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8,3.78,2.98,4.80,4.10,3.65])}
#Create a DataFrame df = pd.DataFrame(d) print df.describe(include=['object']) Its output is as follows − Name count 12 unique 12 top Ricky freq 1
Now, use the following statement and check the output − import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
#Create a Dictionary of series
d = {'Name':pd.Series(['Tom','James','Ricky','Vin','Steve','Smith','Jack', 'Lee','David','Gasper','Betina','Andres']),
'Age':pd.Series([25,26,25,23,30,29,23,34,40,30,51,46]),
'Rating':pd.Series([4.23,3.24,3.98,2.56,3.20,4.6,3.8,3.78,2.98,4.80,4.10,3.65])}
#Create a DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print(df. describe(include='all') )
Age Name Rating
count 12.000000 12 12.000000
unique NaN 12 NaN
top NaN Ricky NaN
freq NaN 1 NaN
mean 31.833333 NaN 3.743333
std 9.232682 NaN 0.661628
min 23.000000 NaN 2.560000
25% 25.000000 NaN 3.230000
50% 29.500000 NaN 3.790000
75% 35.500000 NaN 4.132500
max 51.000000 NaN 4.800000