add `PyLong*` API (3.14+) #17005

Job	Run time
fmt	28s
resolve	8s
semver-checks	37s
check-msrv	3m 13s
test-introspection-pr	36s
pytests-type-checking (pyrefly)	33s
pytests-type-checking (mypy)	32s
clippy/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/stable	3m 19s
clippy/wasm32-wasip1/stable	3m 35s
clippy/i686-pc-windows-msvc/stable	3m 37s
clippy/aarch64-pc-windows-msvc/stable	3m 21s
clippy/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/stable	3m 20s
clippy/powerpc64le-unknown-linux-gnu/stable	3m 19s
clippy/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/beta	3m 20s
clippy/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/stable	3m 37s
clippy/s390x-unknown-linux-gnu/stable	3m 35s
python${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.platform.python-architecture }} ${{ matrix.platform.os }} rust-${{ matrix.rust }}	0s
check-feature-powerset ${{ matrix.rust }}	0s
python3.14-x64 windows-latest rust-stable / build	1m 19s
docsrs	0s
python3.14-arm64 windows-11-arm rust-stable / build	57s
test-cross-compilation-windows	0s
clippy/aarch64-apple-darwin/stable	3m 19s
python3.14t-x64 ubuntu-latest rust-stable / build	59s
python3.14-x86 windows-latest rust-stable / build	1m 42s
careful	0s
python3.14-arm64 macos-latest rust-stable / build	1m 49s
test-introspection	0s
test-debug	0s
python3.14-arm64 ubuntu-24.04-arm rust-stable / build	1m 24s
python3.14-x64 ubuntu-latest rust-stable / build	1m 6s
python3.14-x64 ubuntu-latest rust-nightly / build	43s
valgrind	0s
test-cross-compilation ${{ matrix.os }} -> ${{ matrix.target }}	0s
test-version-limits	0s
wasm32-wasip1	0s
emscripten	0s
conclusion	4s
	50m 32s

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