fix: ensure message history starts with a user turn for Gemini compatibility

Author: nldhuyen0047

crates/openfang-channels/src/line.rs

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ impl LineAdapter {
             diff |= a ^ b;
         }
         if diff != 0 {
-            let computed = base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD.encode(&result);
+            let computed = base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD.encode(result);
             // Log first/last 4 chars of each signature for debugging without leaking full HMAC
             let comp_redacted = format!(
                 "{}...{}",

crates/openfang-runtime/src/agent_loop.rs

@@ -342,6 +342,10 @@ pub async fn run_agent_loop(
         // pair across the cut boundary, leaving orphaned blocks that cause the LLM
         // to return empty responses (input_tokens=0).
         messages = crate::session_repair::validate_and_repair(&messages);
+        // Ensure history starts with a user turn: trimming may have left an
+        // assistant turn at position 0, which strict providers (e.g. Gemini)
+        // reject with INVALID_ARGUMENT on function-call turns.
+        messages = crate::session_repair::ensure_starts_with_user(messages);
     }
 
     // Use autonomous config max_iterations if set, else default
@@ -381,6 +385,8 @@ pub async fn run_agent_loop(
         // which may have broken assistant→tool ordering invariants.
         if recovery != RecoveryStage::None {
             messages = crate::session_repair::validate_and_repair(&messages);
+            // Ensure history starts with a user turn after overflow recovery.
+            messages = crate::session_repair::ensure_starts_with_user(messages);
         }
 
         // Context guard: compact oversized tool results before LLM call
@@ -1504,6 +1510,10 @@ pub async fn run_agent_loop_streaming(
         // pair across the cut boundary, leaving orphaned blocks that cause the LLM
         // to return empty responses (input_tokens=0).
         messages = crate::session_repair::validate_and_repair(&messages);
+        // Ensure history starts with a user turn: trimming may have left an
+        // assistant turn at position 0, which strict providers (e.g. Gemini)
+        // reject with INVALID_ARGUMENT on function-call turns.
+        messages = crate::session_repair::ensure_starts_with_user(messages);
     }
 
     // Use autonomous config max_iterations if set, else default
@@ -1561,6 +1571,8 @@ pub async fn run_agent_loop_streaming(
         // be followed by tool messages" errors after context overflow recovery.)
         if recovery != RecoveryStage::None {
             messages = crate::session_repair::validate_and_repair(&messages);
+            // Ensure history starts with a user turn after overflow recovery.
+            messages = crate::session_repair::ensure_starts_with_user(messages);
         }
 
         // Context guard: compact oversized tool results before LLM call

crates/openfang-runtime/src/drivers/gemini.rs

@@ -370,7 +370,11 @@ fn sanitize_gemini_turns(contents: Vec<GeminiContent>) -> Vec<GeminiContent> {
     }
 
     // Step 2: Drop orphaned functionCall parts from model turns.
-    // A model turn with functionCall must be followed by a user turn with functionResponse.
+    // A model turn with functionCall must be:
+    //   (a) followed by a user turn with functionResponse, AND
+    //   (b) preceded by a user turn (i.e. not at position 0).
+    // Gemini rejects with INVALID_ARGUMENT if a functionCall turn is at
+    // position 0 with no preceding user turn, even when (a) is satisfied.
     let len = merged.len();
     for i in 0..len {
         let is_model = merged[i].role.as_deref() == Some("model");
@@ -394,7 +398,9 @@ fn sanitize_gemini_turns(contents: Vec<GeminiContent>) -> Vec<GeminiContent> {
                 .iter()
                 .any(|p| matches!(p, GeminiPart::FunctionResponse { .. }));
 
-        if !next_has_response {
+        // After Step 1 merge, i > 0 guarantees a user turn precedes this model
+        // turn (alternating roles). i == 0 means no preceding user turn.
+        if i == 0 || !next_has_response {
             // Drop the functionCall parts from this model turn (keep text parts)
             merged[i]
                 .parts

crates/openfang-runtime/src/session_repair.rs

@@ -177,6 +177,33 @@ pub fn validate_and_repair_with_stats(messages: &[Message]) -> (Vec<Message>, Re
     (merged, stats)
 }
 
+/// Ensure the message history starts with a user turn.
+///
+/// After context trimming the drain boundary may land on an assistant turn,
+/// leaving it at position 0. Providers (especially Gemini) require the first
+/// message to be from the user. This function drops leading assistant messages
+/// and re-validates to clean up newly-orphaned ToolResults.
+///
+/// The loop handles the edge case where the first user turn consisted entirely
+/// of ToolResult blocks that became orphaned (dropped by `validate_and_repair`),
+/// which would re-expose another leading assistant turn.
+pub fn ensure_starts_with_user(mut messages: Vec<Message>) -> Vec<Message> {
+    loop {
+        match messages.iter().position(|m| m.role == Role::User) {
+            Some(0) | None => break,
+            Some(i) => {
+                warn!(
+                    dropped = i,
+                    "Dropping leading assistant turn(s) to ensure history starts with user"
+                );
+                messages.drain(..i);
+                messages = validate_and_repair(&messages);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    messages
+}
+
 /// Phase 2b: Reorder misplaced ToolResults -- ensure each result follows its use.
 ///
 /// Builds a map of tool_use_id to the index of the assistant message containing it.