references.bib

@article{vorlander_acoustic_2000,
	title = {Acoustic load on the ear caused by headphones},
	volume = {107},
	issn = {0001-4966},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1121/1.428490},
	doi = {10.1121/1.428490},
	abstract = {The standardized method for measurement of complex impedances according to {ISO} 10534 Part 2 is applied to the acoustic impedance of the ear with an “open-pinna” condition and with different types of headphones. The method is based on measurement of the transfer function of two microphone locations in an impedance tube and subsequent signal processing of the complex signal spectra. The termination of the tube is interpreted as ear canal entrance, while the measurement direction is, apparently, from “inside” the head towards outside. A tube which was specifically designed for this purpose works well, even though extremely small impedances must be measured. The impedances of the free pinna are similar to the “soft” end condition in the open tube, approximately following the radiation impedance of a piston into free space. The headphone impedances can be separated according to the type of headphone. In addition, the absolute impedances as the differences to the open ear compared with a number of headphones are interesting and may be starting point for further investigations. One possibility is, of course, quality control of headphones. The results are also expected to be useful for psychoacoustic research, for better understanding of sound perception, and for use in development of audio equipment.},
	pages = {2082--2088},
	number = {4},
	journaltitle = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	shortjournal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Vorländer, Michael},
	urldate = {2024-07-02},
	date = {2000-04-01},
	keywords = {canal, ear, headphones, impedance, ohr mit rohr, vorländer},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\rehman\\Zotero\\storage\\N7VTNL9X\\Vorländer - 2000 - Acoustic load on the ear caused by headphones.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\rehman\\Zotero\\storage\\Y43RW9DL\\Acoustic-load-on-the-ear-caused-by-headphones.html:text/html},
}

@article{carillo_removal_2021,
	title = {On the removal of the open earcanal high-pass filter effect due to its occlusion: A bone-conduction occlusion effect theory},
	volume = {5},
	rights = {© K. Carillo et al., Published by {EDP} Sciences, 2021},
	issn = {2681-4617},
	url = {https://acta-acustica.edpsciences.org/articles/aacus/abs/2021/01/aacus210015/aacus210015.html},
	doi = {10.1051/aacus/2021029},
	shorttitle = {On the removal of the open earcanal high-pass filter effect due to its occlusion},
	abstract = {The occlusion effect is commonly experienced by in-ear device wearers as an increased loudness sensation of bone-conducted low frequency sounds. A widespread theory proposed by Tonndorf and based on a simplified electro-acoustic model describes the phenomenon as the removal of the open earcanal high-pass filter effect due to a perfect or partial occlusion. However, this filter has not been clearly defined and several ambiguities remain. Revisiting the model, a second order high-pass filter effect for the volume velocity transferred between the earcanal wall and the eardrum is highlighted. This filter remains for partial occlusion but vanishes for perfect occlusion. In the latter case, the volume velocity transferred from the earcanal cavity to the middle ear through the eardrum drastically increases, which explains the predominance of the occluded outer ear pathway on the hearing by bone-conduction at low frequencies.},
	pages = {36},
	journaltitle = {Acta Acustica},
	shortjournal = {Acta Acust.},
	author = {Carillo, Kévin and Doutres, Olivier and Sgard, Franck},
	urldate = {2024-07-02},
	date = {2021},
	langid = {english},
	note = {Publisher: {EDP} Sciences},
	keywords = {canal, ear, impedance, occlusion},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\rehman\\Zotero\\storage\\LJQYADC2\\Carillo et al. - 2021 - On the removal of the open earcanal high-pass filt.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{porschmann_influences_2000,
	title = {Influences of Bone Conduction and Air Conduction on the Sound of One's Own Voice},
	volume = {86},
	abstract = {It is a well-known fact that both bone-conducted and air-conducted sound contribute to the perception of one's own voice. As early as 1949 Békésy described experiments which were aimed at estimating the ratio of the two components' contributions.In this article investigations
are described which quantitatively analyse the influences of air conduction, bone conduction and of the reflections on the sound of a person's own voice. Different methods for measuring the components were applied. Concerning the air conduction, direct measurements of sound propagation from
the mouth to the ears around the head were performed. As the bone conduction cannot be measured directly, psychoacoustic methods based on masking effects were used to evaluate this component. The reflections in a room can be modelled by methods that apply geometric acoustics. The results of
the measurements are compared to those of related investigations reported in literature. Finally, it is discussed to which extent one's own voice should be considered in auditory virtual environments.},
	pages = {1038--1045},
	number = {6},
	journaltitle = {Acta Acustica united with Acustica},
	shortjournal = {Acta Acustica united with Acustica},
	author = {Pörschmann, Christoph},
	date = {2000-11-01},
	keywords = {air, bone, occlusion, pörschmann, voice},
	file = {IngentaConnect Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\rehman\\Zotero\\storage\\UDBWW42S\\Pörschmann - 2000 - Influences of Bone Conduction and Air Conduction o.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{watson_bone-conduction_1943,
	title = {Bone-Conduction Threshold Measurements: Effects of Occlusion, Enclosures, and Masking Devices},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {0001-4966, 1520-8524},
	url = {https://pubs.aip.org/jasa/article/14/4/207/716598/Bone-Conduction-Threshold-Measurements-Effects-of},
	doi = {10.1121/1.1916218},
	shorttitle = {Bone-Conduction Threshold Measurements},
	pages = {207--215},
	number = {4},
	journaltitle = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Watson, Norman A. and Gales, Robert S.},
	urldate = {2024-07-17},
	date = {1943-04-01},
	langid = {english},
	file = {Watson und Gales - 1943 - Bone-Conduction Threshold Measurements Effects of.pdf:C\:\\Users\\rehman\\Zotero\\storage\\PZ6DTMTZ\\Watson und Gales - 1943 - Bone-Conduction Threshold Measurements Effects of.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{reinfeldt_hearing_2010,
	title = {Hearing one’s own voice during phoneme vocalization—Transmission by air and bone conduction},
	volume = {128},
	issn = {0001-4966, 1520-8524},
	url = {https://pubs.aip.org/jasa/article/128/2/751/900700/Hearing-one-s-own-voice-during-phoneme},
	doi = {10.1121/1.3458855},
	abstract = {The relationship between the bone conduction ({BC}) part and the air conduction ({AC}) part of one’s own voice has previously not been well determined. This relation is important for hearing impaired subjects as a hearing aid affects these two parts differently and thereby changes the perception of one’s own voice. A large ear-muff that minimized the occlusion effect while still attenuating {AC} sound was designed. During vocalization and wearing the ear muff the ear-canal sound pressure could be related to the {BC} component of a person’s own voice while the {AC} component was derived from the sound pressure at the entrance of an open ear-canal. The {BC} relative to {AC} sensitivity of one’s own voice was defined as the ratio between these two components related to the ear-canal sound pressure at hearing thresholds for {BC} and {AC} stimulation. The results of ten phonemes showed that the {BC} part of one’s own voice dominated at frequencies between 1 and 2 {kHz} for most of the phonemes. The different phonemes gave slightly different results caused by differences during vocalization. However, similarities were seen for phonemes with comparable vocalization.},
	pages = {751--762},
	number = {2},
	journaltitle = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Reinfeldt, Sabine and Östli, Per and Håkansson, Bo and Stenfelt, Stefan},
	urldate = {2024-08-28},
	date = {2010-08-01},
	langid = {english},
	file = {Eingereichte Version:C\:\\Users\\rehman\\Zotero\\storage\\4266SLLD\\Reinfeldt et al. - 2010 - Hearing one’s own voice during phoneme vocalizatio.pdf:application/pdf;Reinfeldt et al. - 2010 - Hearing one’s own voice during phoneme vocalizatio.pdf:C\:\\Users\\rehman\\Zotero\\storage\\TFFXYF2E\\Reinfeldt et al. - 2010 - Hearing one’s own voice during phoneme vocalizatio.pdf:application/pdf;Reinfeldt et al. - 2010 - Hearing one’s own voice during phoneme vocalizatio.pdf:C\:\\Users\\rehman\\Zotero\\storage\\PU44TLS2\\Reinfeldt et al. - 2010 - Hearing one’s own voice during phoneme vocalizatio.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{kuk_vent_2005,
	title = {Vent Configurations on Subjective and Objective Occlusion Effect},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {1050-0545},
	url = {https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.3766/jaaa.16.9.11},
	doi = {10.3766/jaaa.16.9.11},
	abstract = {The current study reexamined the effect of vent diameters on objective and subjective occlusion effect ({OE}) while minimizing two possible sources of variability. Nine hearing-impaired participants with primarily a high-frequency hearing loss were evaluated. Laser shell-making technology
 was used to make ear inserts of completely-in-the-canal ({CIC}) hearing aids for the study. This was to minimize any potential slit leakage from the inserts. The vent dimensions were systematically altered during the study. Participants sustained /i/ for 5 sec, and the real-ear occluded response
 was measured with a custom-made program that performed frequency averaging to reduce response variability. Participants also repeated the phrase "Baby Jeannie is teeny tiny" and rated their own voice. The results showed a systematic change in the objective {OE} and subjective ratings
 of {OE} as the vent diameter was modified. Furthermore, a significant correlation was seen between subjective rating and objective occlusion effect. El actual estudio re-examinó el efecto de los diferentes diámetros en el orificio de ventilación sobre el efecto de oclusión
 ({OE}), objetiva y subjetivamente, minimizando dos posibles fuentes de variabilidad. Se evaluó a nueve participantes hipoacúsicos con pérdidas auditivas primariamente en las altas frecuencias. Se utilizó una tecnología laser de fabricación de conchas
 para producir, para el estudio, dispositivos de inserción de auxiliares auditivos completamente en el canal ({CIC}). Esto se hizo para minimizar cualquier fuga de hendidura de los insertos. Las dimensiones de orificio de ventilación fueron sistemáticamente alteradas durante
 el estudio. Los participantes produjeron una /i/ sostenida por 5 segundos, y se midieron las respuestas ocluidas de oído real con un programa hecho a la medida que realizaba promediaciones de la frecuencia para reducir la variabilidad en la respuesta. Los participantes también
 repitieron la frase "Baby Jeannie is teeny tiny" y calificaron su propia voz. Los resultados mostraron un cambio sistemático en las apreciaciones objetivas y subjetivas del {OE} conforme se modificó el tamaño del orificio de ventilación. Más aún,
 se vio una correlación significativa entre la apreciación subjetiva y el efecto objetivo de oclusión.},
	pages = {747--762},
	number = {9},
	journaltitle = {Journal of the American Academy of Audiology},
	shortjournal = {j am acad audiol},
	author = {Kuk, Francis and Keenan, Denise and Lau, Chi-Chuen},
	urldate = {2025-02-24},
	date = {2005-10-01},
	langid = {english},
	file = {Kuk et al. - 2005 - Vent Configurations on Subjective and Objective Oc.pdf:C\:\\Users\\rehman\\Zotero\\storage\\XSS422PT\\Kuk et al. - 2005 - Vent Configurations on Subjective and Objective Oc.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{v_bekesy_structure_1949,
	title = {The Structure of the Middle Ear and the Hearing of One's Own Voice by Bone Conduction},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {0001-4966, 1520-8524},
	url = {https://pubs.aip.org/jasa/article/21/3/217/602948/The-Structure-of-the-Middle-Ear-and-the-Hearing-of},
	doi = {10.1121/1.1906501},
	abstract = {If we assume that in the evolution of the mammalian ear nature has made the best possible use of physical and acoustic principles, we are led further to assume (1) that the middle ear provides maximal sensitivity combined with optimal quality and (2) that the middle ear is so adjusted as to minimize noise pick-up from the speaker's body during talking. In terms consistent with these assumptions, it is possible to explain: why mammals have two vocal cords; why a bony rod lies on the eardrum; why the point of rotation of this bony rod is at the edge of the eardrum; why the mass of the ossicles appears so exaggerated; why the eardrum is conical in shape; why the membrane of the footplate of the stapes is so small; why the footplate of the stapes has an elliptical form; why a joint is necessary between the stapes and the incus; and why an animal with thin head bones has a bulla.},
	pages = {217--232},
	number = {3},
	journaltitle = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {V. Békésy, Georg},
	urldate = {2025-02-25},
	date = {1949-05-01},
	langid = {english},
	file = {V. Békésy - 1949 - The Structure of the Middle Ear and the Hearing of.pdf:C\:\\Users\\rehman\\Zotero\\storage\\ACDTE4TU\\V. Békésy - 1949 - The Structure of the Middle Ear and the Hearing of.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{tonndorf_new_1968,
	title = {A New Concept of Bone Conduction},
	volume = {87},
	issn = {0886-4470},
	url = {http://archotol.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=601577},
	doi = {10.1001/archotol.1968.00760060597008},
	pages = {595--600},
	number = {6},
	journaltitle = {Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery},
	shortjournal = {Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery},
	author = {Tonndorf, J.},
	urldate = {2025-02-25},
	date = {1968-06-01},
	langid = {english},
	file = {Tonndorf - 1968 - A New Concept of Bone Conduction.pdf:C\:\\Users\\rehman\\Zotero\\storage\\RNZCJF39\\Tonndorf - 1968 - A New Concept of Bone Conduction.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@book{dillon_hearing_2012,
	location = {Sydney},
	edition = {2nd ed},
	title = {Hearing aids},
	isbn = {978-1-60406-810-8},
	publisher = {Boomerang press},
	author = {Dillon, Harvey},
	date = {2012},
	file = {Dillon - 2012 - Hearing aids.pdf:C\:\\Users\\rehman\\Zotero\\storage\\FQEEC6DY\\Dillon - 2012 - Hearing aids.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{mueller_studies_1996,
	title = {Studies of the Hearing Aid Occlusion Effect},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {0734-0451, 1098-8955},
	url = {http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0028-1089925},
	doi = {10.1055/s-0028-1089925},
	pages = {21--31},
	number = {1},
	journaltitle = {Seminars in Hearing},
	shortjournal = {Semin Hear},
	author = {Mueller, H. and Bright, Kathryn and Northern, Jerry},
	urldate = {2025-03-27},
	date = {1996-02},
	langid = {english},
	file = {Mueller et al. - 1996 - Studies of the Hearing Aid Occlusion Effect.pdf:C\:\\Users\\rehman\\Zotero\\storage\\FWECL6BG\\Mueller et al. - 1996 - Studies of the Hearing Aid Occlusion Effect.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@incollection{de_boer_human_1983,
	location = {Dordrecht},
	title = {The Human External and Middle Ear: Models and Concepts},
	isbn = {978-94-009-6913-1 978-94-009-6911-7},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-009-6911-7_1},
	shorttitle = {The Human External and Middle Ear},
	pages = {3--10},
	booktitle = {Mechanics of Hearing},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	author = {Shaw, E. A. G. and Stinson, M. R.},
	editor = {De Boer, E. and Viergever, M. A.},
	urldate = {2025-04-15},
	date = {1983},
	langid = {english},
	doi = {10.1007/978-94-009-6911-7_1},
}