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The Data Use Ontology (DUO) provides a helpful framework for gating access to data managed by Sage Bionetworks on the Synapse platform.
DUO was developed by members of the Global Alliance for Genomic Health (GA4GH): "DUO allows [users] to semantically tag datasets with restriction about their usage, making them discoverable automatically based on the authorization level of users, or intended usage".
At Sage, we extended DUO modifiers for our use cases (see figure below) and incorporated derived annotations as a way of scaling governance support on projects by assigning access requirements (ARs)* to entities based on its DUO annotation.
*ARs are applied in the form of a clickwrap (i.e., user must agree to terms) and/or a managed access requirement (i.e., user must provide evidence). Managed ARs may require evidence in the form of Authentication (e.g., training certification, profile validation, two-factor authorization) and/or Authorization (e.g., intended data use (IDU) statement, data use certificate (DUC), ethics approval letter from an institutional review board (IRB) or independent ethics committee (IEC)).
The metadata required for each dataset will vary based on the governance framework established on a project-by-project basis.
| OBO | Shorthand | Modifier | Type | Description | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DUO_0000043 | CC | Clinical Care Use | Boolean | ||
| DUO_0000020 | COL | Collaboration Required | String | PI Contact information required | |
| DUO_0000007 | DS | Disease Specific Research | String | Provide detail [DOID] | User must describe disease-specific research use in IDU statement |
| DUO_0000021 | IRB | Ethics Approval Required | Boolean | User prompted to provide IRB/IEC approval | |
| DUO_0000042 | GRU | General Research Use | Boolean | ||
| DUO_0000016 | GSO | Genetic Studies Only | Boolean | ||
| DUO_0000022 | GS | Geographical Restriction | String | Provide country restriction [ISO 3166⍺2] | |
| DUO_0000006 | HMB | Health or Medical or Biomedical Research | Boolean | ||
| DUO_0000028 | IS | Institution Specific Restriction | String | Name Institution | |
| DUO_0000015 | NMDS | No General Methods Research | Boolean | ||
| DUO_0000004 | NRES | No Restriction | Boolean | ||
| DUO_0000018 | NPUNCU | Not-for-Profit, Non-Commercial Use Only | Boolean | ||
| DUO_0000046 | NCU | Non-Commercial Use Only | Boolean | ||
| DUO_0000045 | NPU | Not-for-Profit Organisation Use Only | Boolean | ||
| DUO_0000011 | POA | Population Origins or Ancestry Research Only | Boolean | ||
| DUO_0000044 | NPOA | Population Origins or Ancestry Research Prohibited | Boolean | ||
| DUO_0000027 | PS | Project Specific Restriction | Boolean | User prompted to provide IDU statement | |
| DUO_0000024 | MOR | Publication Moratorium | String | Provide date [ISO 8601] | |
| DUO_0000019 | PUB | Publication Required | Boolean | ||
| DUO_0000012 | RS | Research Specific Restrictions | String | Provide detail | User must describe research use in IDU statement |
| DUO_0000029 | RTN | Return to Database or Resource | Boolean | ||
| DUO_0000025 | TS | Time Limit on Use | String | Provide date [ISO 8601] | User prompted to renew access every x days with current evidence |
| DUO_0000026 | US | User Specific Restriction | String | Provide detail | User may be required to join a Synapse Team |
| DUOplus1 | Source Geography | List of Strings | List data generating country(ies) [ISO 3166⍺2] | ||
| DUOplus2 | Data Permission | List of Strings | Data sharing enforced by: Agreement, Attestation, Award, Other [Identifier?] | ||
| DUOplus3 | Data Tier | List of Strings | Anonymous, Open (aka Registered), Controlled, Private | ||
| DUOplus4 | License | List of Strings | CC BY, CC BY-SA, CC BY-NC, CC BY-NC-SA | ||
| DUOplus5 | Attribution | String | Provide attribution/acknowledgement statement |