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Chapter 4: Building Your First Bot

4.1 Initial Bot Setup

1. Create main.py

import discord
from discord.ext import commands
import datetime

intents = discord.Intents.default()
intents.message_content = True

bot = commands.Bot(
    command_prefix="!", 
    intents=intents,
    help_command=None  # Disable the default help command
)

2. Add the on_ready Event

@bot.event
async def on_ready():
    print(f"✅ {bot.user.name} is now online!")
    print(f"Connected to {len(bot.guilds)} servers")
    print(f"Startup time: {datetime.datetime.now()}")

4.2 Basic Commands

1. The !hello Command

@bot.command()
async def سلام(ctx):
    await ctx.reply(f"Hello, {ctx.author.mention}! 😊")

2. The !time Command

@bot.command()
async def time(ctx):
    now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")
    await ctx.send(f"🕒 Current time: **{now}**")

3. The !add Command with Arguments

@bot.command()
async def add(ctx, num1: int, num2: int):
    result = num1 + num2
    await ctx.send(f"Result: `{num1} + {num2} = {result}`")

4.3 Advanced Embeds

The !user Command

@bot.command()
async def user(ctx, member: discord.Member = None):
    member = member or ctx.author  # Default to the author if no member is mentioned
    
    embed = discord.Embed(
        title=f"ℹ️ Information for {member.name}",
        color=discord.Color.green()
    )
    embed.set_thumbnail(url=member.avatar.url)
    embed.add_field(name="Tag", value=member.mention)
    embed.add_field(name="ID", value=member.id)
    embed.add_field(name="Joined At", value=member.joined_at.strftime("%Y/%m/%d"))
    
    await ctx.send(embed=embed)

4.4 Error Handling

Missing Permissions

@bot.event
async def on_command_error(ctx, error):
    if isinstance(error, commands.MissingPermissions):
        await ctx.send("⛔ You do not have the required permissions!")

Missing Required Argument

@add.error
async def add_error(ctx, error):
    if isinstance(error, commands.MissingRequiredArgument):
        await ctx.send("⚠️ Please provide two numbers!\nExample: `!add 5 10`")

4.5 Custom Help Command

@bot.command()
async def help(ctx):
    embed = discord.Embed(
        title="📚 Command List",
        description="Command prefix: `!`",
        color=discord.Color.blue()
    )
    embed.add_field(
        name="General", 
        value="`hello` `time` `user [@mention]`",
        inline=False
    )
    embed.add_field(
        name="Math", 
        value="`add <num1> <num2>`",
        inline=False
    )
    
    await ctx.send(embed=embed)

4.6 Running the Bot

# In Chapter 7 we'll cover using a .env file
TOKEN = "YOUR_TOKEN_HERE"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    bot.run(TOKEN)

Hands-On Exercises for Chapter 4

  1. Create a !coin command that flips a coin and returns heads or tails.

  2. Implement a !purge command that deletes a specified number of messages (requires Manage Messages permission).

  3. Set up a welcome message event so the bot greets new members when they join:

    @bot.event
async def on_member_join(member):
    channel = member.guild.system_channel
    await channel.send(f"🎉 Welcome to the server, {member.mention}!")

Common Issues & Solutions

  • Commands Aren’t Running

    • Ensure intents.message_content = True is set.
    • Restart the bot after changes (Ctrl+C and python main.py).

  • Bot Can’t Mention Members

    • In the Developer Portal, enable the Server Members Intent for your bot.

Key Tips

  • Use ctx.reply() instead of ctx.send() when you want to mention the user.
  • Accept discord.Member parameters to automatically convert mentions into Member objects.
  • Handle errors with @bot.event and on_command_error for better user feedback.

Next Chapter: Working with Embeds, file attachments, and more! 🚀