[test] Remove the custom toThrow override for legacy V8 error messages (react#37384)

The custom `toThrow` override in `scripts/jest/matchers/toThrow.js`
wrapped the built-in matcher to rewrite the pre-Node-17 V8 error message
format ("Cannot read property 'x' of undefined") into the modern one
("Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'x')"), so the test suite
could run on Node 12 to 16.

On the Node versions this repo runs on (20 per `.nvmrc`, 24 in CI), V8
only ever produces the modern format, so the override is a passthrough.

Mostly removing this because the custom matcher deep-imports
`expect/build/toThrowMatchers`, which no longer resolves on Jest 30
because each Jest package is now bundled into a single file, so this
removal unblocks the Jest 30 upgrade stacked on top.

Co-authored-by: Claude Code (kimi-k3[1m]) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: eps1lon

packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactServerRendering-test.js

@@ -147,15 +147,15 @@ describe('ReactDOMServer', () => {
     it('should throw with silly args', () => {
       expect(
         ReactDOMServer.renderToString.bind(ReactDOMServer, {x: 123}),
-      ).toThrowError(
+      ).toThrow(
         'Objects are not valid as a React child (found: object with keys {x})',
       );
     });
 
     it('should throw prop mapping error for an <iframe /> with invalid props', () => {
       expect(() => {
         ReactDOMServer.renderToString(<iframe style="border:none;" />);
-      }).toThrowError(
+      }).toThrow(
         'The `style` prop expects a mapping from style properties to values, not ' +
           "a string. For example, style={{marginRight: spacing + 'em'}} when using JSX.",
       );
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ describe('ReactDOMServer', () => {
     it('should throw with silly args', () => {
       expect(
         ReactDOMServer.renderToStaticMarkup.bind(ReactDOMServer, {x: 123}),
-      ).toThrowError(
+      ).toThrow(
         'Objects are not valid as a React child (found: object with keys {x})',
       );
     });
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ describe('ReactDOMServer', () => {
             <span key={2} />
           </Wrapper>,
         );
-      }).toThrowError(/Cannot assign to read only property.*/);
+      }).toThrow(/Cannot assign to read only property.*/);
     } else {
       expect(
         ReactDOMServer.renderToStaticMarkup(
@@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ describe('ReactDOMServer', () => {
 
     expect(() => {
       ReactDOMServer.renderToString(<Foo />);
-    }).toThrow("Cannot read property 'world' of undefined");
+    }).toThrow("Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'world')");
   });
 
   it('should warn when class contextType is undefined', () => {
@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@ describe('ReactDOMServer', () => {
 
     expect(() => {
       ReactDOMServer.renderToString(<Foo />);
-    }).toThrow("Cannot read property 'world' of undefined");
+    }).toThrow("Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'world')");
     assertConsoleErrorDev([
       'Foo defines an invalid contextType. ' +
         'contextType should point to the Context object returned by React.createContext(). ' +
@@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@ describe('ReactDOMServer', () => {
 
     expect(() => {
       ReactDOMServer.renderToString(<Foo />);
-    }).toThrow("Cannot read property 'hello' of undefined");
+    }).toThrow("Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'hello')");
     assertConsoleErrorDev([
       'Foo defines an invalid contextType. ' +
         'contextType should point to the Context object returned by React.createContext(). ' +
@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ describe('ReactDOMServer', () => {
 
     expect(() => {
       ReactDOMServer.renderToString(<Foo />);
-    }).toThrow("Cannot read property 'world' of undefined");
+    }).toThrow("Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'world')");
     assertConsoleErrorDev([
       'Foo defines an invalid contextType. ' +
         'contextType should point to the Context object returned by React.createContext(). ' +

packages/react-reconciler/src/__tests__/ReactHooksWithNoopRenderer-test.js

@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ describe('ReactHooksWithNoopRenderer', () => {
 
   it('throws when called outside the render phase', async () => {
     expect(() => useState(0)).toThrow(
-      "Cannot read property 'useState' of null",
+      "Cannot read properties of null (reading 'useState')",
     );
     assertConsoleErrorDev([
       'Invalid hook call. Hooks can only be called inside of the body of a function component. This could happen for' +

scripts/jest/matchers/toThrow.js

@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ if (process.env.REACT_CLASS_EQUIVALENCE_TEST) {
 
   expect.extend({
     ...require('./matchers/reactTestMatchers'),
-    ...require('./matchers/toThrow'),
   });
 
   // We have a Babel transform that inserts guards against infinite loops.

scripts/jest/setupTests.js

@@ -60,5 +60,4 @@ afterEach(assertConsoleLogsCleared);
 
 expect.extend({
   ...require('../matchers/reactTestMatchers'),
-  ...require('../matchers/toThrow'),
 });