Unable to compile library example on fresh Arduino IDE 2.3.4

[ekoslav]

I had a working code in Arduino IDE 1.8.x , and at one point it stopped compiling.
Apparently some libraries would not work anymore and I had to move to 2.x . However, the existing code was failing to compile, and I decided to try a fresh machine - to no avail. So I tried again, and this time checked the instructions from scratch and found out that the example for the library will not compile.

Steps to reproduce error:

• install fresh windows 11
• install Aduino IDE 2.3.4 (latest as of March 10 2025)
• Add "https://dl.espressif.com/dl/package_esp32_index.json" to File-Preferences-Settings-Additional boards manager URLs field.
• In the Boards Manager, install "esp32 by Espressif Systems" version 3.1.1
• Download latest zip (version=0.3.2) from https://github.com/T-vK/ESP32-BLE-Keyboard/tree/master
• File - Examples - ESP32 BLE Keyvoard - SendKeyStrokes
• Select Port and Board
• Upload
• Error

Here is the error log:

c:\Users\User\Documents\Arduino\libraries\ESP32_BLE_Keyboard\BleKeyboard.cpp: In member function 'void BleKeyboard::begin()':
c:\Users\User\Documents\Arduino\libraries\ESP32_BLE_Keyboard\BleKeyboard.cpp:106:19: error: cannot convert 'std::string' {aka 'std::__cxx11::basic_string'} to 'String'
106 | BLEDevice::init(deviceName);
| ^~~~~~~~~~
| |
| std::string {aka std::__cxx11::basic_string}
In file included from c:\Users\User\Documents\Arduino\libraries\ESP32_BLE_Keyboard\BleKeyboard.cpp:9:
C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\libraries\BLE\src/BLEDevice.h:41:27: note: initializing argument 1 of 'static void BLEDevice::init(String)'
41 | static void init(String deviceName); // Initialize the local BLE environment.
| ~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~
c:\Users\User\Documents\Arduino\libraries\ESP32_BLE_Keyboard\BleKeyboard.cpp:117:32: error: no matching function for call to 'BLECharacteristic::setValue(std::string&)'
117 | hid->manufacturer()->setValue(deviceManufacturer);
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\libraries\BLE\src/BLEHIDDevice.h:17,
from c:\Users\User\Documents\Arduino\libraries\ESP32_BLE_Keyboard\BleKeyboard.h:24,
from c:\Users\User\Documents\Arduino\libraries\ESP32_BLE_Keyboard\BleKeyboard.cpp:1:
C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\libraries\BLE\src/BLECharacteristic.h:83:8: note: candidate: 'void BLECharacteristic::setValue(double&)'
83 | void setValue(double &data64);
| ^~~~~~~~
C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\libraries\BLE\src/BLECharacteristic.h:83:25: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::string' {aka 'std::__cxx11::basic_string'} to 'double&'
83 | void setValue(double &data64);
| ~~~~~~~~^~~~~~
C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\libraries\BLE\src/BLECharacteristic.h:82:8: note: candidate: 'void BLECharacteristic::setValue(float&)'
82 | void setValue(float &data32);
| ^~~~~~~~
C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\libraries\BLE\src/BLECharacteristic.h:82:24: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::string' {aka 'std::__cxx11::basic_string'} to 'float&'
82 | void setValue(float &data32);
| ~~~~~~~^~~~~~
C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\libraries\BLE\src/BLECharacteristic.h:81:8: note: candidate: 'void BLECharacteristic::setValue(int&)'
81 | void setValue(int &data32);
| ^~~~~~~~
C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\libraries\BLE\src/BLECharacteristic.h:81:22: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::string' {aka 'std::__cxx11::basic_string'} to 'int&'
81 | void setValue(int &data32);
| ~~~~~^~~~~~
C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\libraries\BLE\src/BLECharacteristic.h:80:8: note: candidate: 'void BLECharacteristic::setValue(uint32_t&)'
80 | void setValue(uint32_t &data32);
| ^~~~~~~~
C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\libraries\BLE\src/BLECharacteristic.h:80:27: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::string' {aka 'std::__cxx11::basic_string'} to 'uint32_t&' {aka 'long unsigned int&'}
80 | void setValue(uint32_t &data32);
| ~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~
C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\libraries\BLE\src/BLECharacteristic.h:79:8: note: candidate: 'void BLECharacteristic::setValue(uint16_t&)'
79 | void setValue(uint16_t &data16);
| ^~~~~~~~
C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\libraries\BLE\src/BLECharacteristic.h:79:27: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::string' {aka 'std::__cxx11::basic_string'} to 'uint16_t&' {aka 'short unsigned int&'}
79 | void setValue(uint16_t &data16);
| ~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~
C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\libraries\BLE\src/BLECharacteristic.h:77:8: note: candidate: 'void BLECharacteristic::setValue(uint8_t*, size_t)'
77 | void setValue(uint8_t *data, size_t size);
| ^~~~~~~~
C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\libraries\BLE\src/BLECharacteristic.h:77:8: note: candidate expects 2 arguments, 1 provided
C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\libraries\BLE\src/BLECharacteristic.h:78:8: note: candidate: 'void BLECharacteristic::setValue(String)'
78 | void setValue(String value);
| ^~~~~~~~
C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\libraries\BLE\src/BLECharacteristic.h:78:24: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::string' {aka 'std::__cxx11::basic_string'} to 'String'
78 | void setValue(String value);
| ~~~~~~~^~~~~

exit status 1

Compilation error: exit status 1

[mateusz-kusmierz]

I have the same issue.

[carburator03]

Refer to this pull request: #343

[ekoslav]

Thank you very much!
I have removed original files BleKeyboard.cpp and BleKeyboard.h from the library and replaced them with the one provoded here:
https://github.com/T-vK/ESP32-BLE-Keyboard/pull/343/files#diff-085aa9de454f327efd29b5010ac04ca3a014790036da4ec66a7e5596c9700534

The example now compiles and works !

[ekoslav]

When #define USE_NIMBLE is enabled in corrected BleKeyboard.h, compilation fails:

"C:\Users\eki\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\tools\esp-rv32\2405/bin/riscv32-esp-elf-g++" -MMD -c "@C:\Users\eki\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\tools\esp32-arduino-libs\idf-release_v5.3-cfea4f7c-v1\esp32c3/flags/cpp_flags" -w -Os -Werror=return-type -DF_CPU=160000000L -DARDUINO=10607 -DARDUINO_XIAO_ESP32C3 -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32 "-DARDUINO_BOARD="XIAO_ESP32C3"" "-DARDUINO_VARIANT="XIAO_ESP32C3"" -DARDUINO_PARTITION_huge_app "-DARDUINO_HOST_OS="windows"" "-DARDUINO_FQBN="esp32:esp32:XIAO_ESP32C3:UploadSpeed=921600,CDCOnBoot=default,CPUFreq=160,FlashFreq=80,FlashMode=qio,FlashSize=4M,PartitionScheme=huge_app,DebugLevel=none,EraseFlash=none"" -DESP32=ESP32 -DCORE_DEBUG_LEVEL=0 -DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1 -DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1 "@C:\Users\eki\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\tools\esp32-arduino-libs\idf-release_v5.3-cfea4f7c-v1\esp32c3/flags/defines" "-IC:\Users\eki\Documents\Arduino\libraries\ESP32-BLE-Keyboard\examples\SendKeyStrokes" -iprefix "C:\Users\eki\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\tools\esp32-arduino-libs\idf-release_v5.3-cfea4f7c-v1\esp32c3/include/" "@C:\Users\eki\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\tools\esp32-arduino-libs\idf-release_v5.3-cfea4f7c-v1\esp32c3/flags/includes" "-IC:\Users\eki\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\tools\esp32-arduino-libs\idf-release_v5.3-cfea4f7c-v1\esp32c3/qio_qspi/include" "-IC:\Users\eki\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\cores\esp32" "-IC:\Users\eki\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\variants\XIAO_ESP32C3" "-Ic:\Users\eki\Documents\Arduino\libraries\ESP32-BLE-Keyboard" "-Ic:\Users\eki\Documents\Arduino\libraries\NimBLE-Arduino\src" "-IC:\Users\eki\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp32\hardware\esp32\3.1.1\libraries\BLE\src" "@C:\Users\eki\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\73ED0827FE8463764650F705D54108AE/build_opt.h" "@C:\Users\eki\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\73ED0827FE8463764650F705D54108AE/file_opts" "C:\Users\eki\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\73ED0827FE8463764650F705D54108AE\sketch\SendKeyStrokes.ino.cpp" -o "C:\Users\eki\AppData\Local\arduino\sketches\73ED0827FE8463764650F705D54108AE\sketch\SendKeyStrokes.ino.cpp.o"
In file included from C:\Users\eki\Documents\Arduino\libraries\ESP32-BLE-Keyboard\examples\SendKeyStrokes\SendKeyStrokes.ino:4:
c:\Users\eki\Documents\Arduino\libraries\ESP32-BLE-Keyboard/BleKeyboard.h:131:60: error: expected class-name before ',' token
131 | class BleKeyboard : public Print, public BLEServerCallbacks, public BLECharacteristicCallbacks
| ^
c:\Users\eki\Documents\Arduino\libraries\ESP32-BLE-Keyboard/BleKeyboard.h:19:36: error: 'NimBLEAdvertising' does not name a type; did you mean 'BLEAdvertising'?
19 | #define BLEAdvertising NimBLEAdvertising
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
c:\Users\eki\Documents\Arduino\libraries\ESP32-BLE-Keyboard/BleKeyboard.h:138:3: note: in expansion of macro 'BLEAdvertising'
138 | BLEAdvertising* advertising;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
c:\Users\eki\Documents\Arduino\libraries\ESP32-BLE-Keyboard/BleKeyboard.h:176:16: error: 'virtual void BleKeyboard::onConnect(NimBLEServer*)' marked 'override', but does not override
176 | virtual void onConnect(BLEServer* pServer) override;
| ^~~~~~~~~
c:\Users\eki\Documents\Arduino\libraries\ESP32-BLE-Keyboard/BleKeyboard.h:177:16: error: 'virtual void BleKeyboard::onDisconnect(NimBLEServer*)' marked 'override', but does not override
177 | virtual void onDisconnect(BLEServer* pServer) override;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~
c:\Users\eki\Documents\Arduino\libraries\ESP32-BLE-Keyboard/BleKeyboard.h:178:16: error: 'virtual void BleKeyboard::onWrite(NimBLECharacteristic*)' marked 'override', but does not override
178 | virtual void onWrite(BLECharacteristic* me) override;
| ^~~~~~~