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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>AWS Shield Security | AWS Security Cards</title>
<meta name="description" content="AWS Shield provides DDoS protection at two tiers: Standard (free, Layer 3/4) and Advanced (paid, Layer 7 with SRT access and cost protection).">
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</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Card Image -->
<div class="card-image">
<img src="../images/shield-card.webp" alt="AWS Shield Security" />
</div>
<!-- Header -->
<div class="header">
<div class="header-content">
<div class="header-icon"><img src="../icons/shield.svg" alt="AWS Shield Security" /></div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="header-title">AWS Shield Security</span>
<span class="header-badge">DDoS PROTECTION</span>
</div>
<p class="header-desc"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Stats -->
<div class="stats-row">
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #f87171;">HIGH</div>
<div class="stat-label">Risk Level</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #4ade80;">Global (CloudFront, Route 53) + Regional (ELB, EC2, Global Accelerator)</div>
<div class="stat-label">Scope</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #60a5fa;">Shield Standard, Shield Advanced, SRT (API prefix: DRT), Protection Groups</div>
<div class="stat-label">Key Components</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #c084fc;">Standard: Free / Advanced: $3,000/month (1-year commitment)</div>
<div class="stat-label">Pricing</div>
</div></div>
<!-- Overview -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#3b82f6;">📋</span> Service Overview</h2><div class="overview-grid">
<div>
<h4 style="color: #3b82f6;">How Shield Works</h4>
<p>AWS Shield provides DDoS protection at two tiers. <strong>Shield Standard</strong> is automatically enabled at no charge for all AWS customers and defends against the most common network-layer (Layer 3) and transport-layer (Layer 4) DDoS attacks targeting resources behind Amazon CloudFront, Amazon Route 53, and AWS Global Accelerator. <strong>Shield Advanced</strong> is a paid subscription that extends protection to Amazon EC2, Elastic Load Balancing, CloudFront, Global Accelerator, and Route 53 with enhanced detection, near real-time visibility, and application-layer (Layer 7) DDoS mitigation. Shield Advanced subscribers get 24/7 access to the AWS Shield Response Team (SRT), automatic application-layer DDoS mitigation via AWS WAF, cost protection (service credits for DDoS-related scaling spikes), health-based detection using Route 53 health checks, and proactive engagement where the SRT contacts you directly when a health check becomes unhealthy during a detected event.</p>
<div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#3b82f6;">**Attack note:</span> ** Shield Standard only covers Layer 3/4. Without Shield Advanced, application-layer floods (HTTP floods, DNS query floods) have no automatic mitigation. Attackers who understand this distinction target Layer 7 specifically against Standard-only customers.</div>
</div><div>
<h4 style="color: #3b82f6;">DDoS Attack Vectors Shield Addresses</h4>
<p>Shield protects against network volumetric attacks (UDP reflection, SYN floods, DNS amplification), transport protocol attacks (SYN/ACK floods, TCP connection exhaustion), and -- with Shield Advanced -- application-layer floods (HTTP request floods, HTTP/2 rapid reset attacks). AWS publicly disclosed mitigating an HTTP/2 rapid reset attack peaking at over 155 million requests per second against CloudFront in August 2023. ---</p>
<div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#3b82f6;">**Attack note:</span> ** An attacker does not need to compromise your AWS account to DDoS you. The threat model is external. However, an attacker *with* account access can disable Shield Advanced protections, remove protections from resources, or disassociate health checks to blind detection -- turning an account compromise into a DDoS amplifier.</div>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Risk Assessment -->
<div class="section">
<h2>Security Risk Assessment</h2>
<div class="risk-gauge">
<div class="risk-bar-container">
<div class="risk-bar">
<div class="risk-bar-fill" style="width: 70%;"></div>
</div>
<div class="risk-labels"><span>Low</span><span>Medium</span><span>High</span><span>Critical</span></div>
</div>
<div class="risk-score">
<div class="risk-score-value">7.0</div>
<div class="risk-score-label">Risk Score</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="risk-desc">Shield Standard is automatic and free, reducing baseline risk. However, organizations running internet-facing workloads on EC2/ELB without Shield Advanced lack application-layer DDoS protection, cost protection, and SRT access. Misconfigured Shield Advanced (missing health checks, no proactive engagement, unprotected resources) creates a false sense of security. The $3,000/month cost leads many organizations to skip it, leaving them exposed to sophisticated DDoS attacks that bypass Layer 3/4 mitigations.</p>
</div>
<!-- Main Panels -->
<div class="panels-grid">
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #f8717133;">
<h3 style="color: #f87171;">⚔️ Attack Vectors</h3><h4 style="color: #f87171;">External DDoS Attack Types</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> <strong>UDP reflection/amplification</strong> -- Attacker spoofs source IP to trigger DNS, NTP, SSDP, or memcached servers to flood the target with response traffic</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> <strong>SYN flood</strong> -- Exhausts TCP connection state tables on the target by sending high volumes of SYN packets without completing the handshake</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> <strong>HTTP request flood</strong> -- Overwhelms application-layer resources with legitimate-looking HTTP requests (requires Shield Advanced for automatic mitigation)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> <strong>DNS query flood</strong> -- Floods Route 53 hosted zones with DNS queries to exhaust resolver capacity</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> <strong>HTTP/2 rapid reset attack</strong> -- Exploits HTTP/2 stream multiplexing by rapidly opening and resetting streams, consuming server resources</li></ul><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Account-Level Attack Vectors (Post-Compromise)</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> <strong>shield:DeleteProtection</strong> -- Attacker with account access removes DDoS protection from critical resources before launching an attack</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> <strong>shield:DisassociateHealthCheck</strong> -- Removes health-based detection, blinding Shield Advanced to application degradation</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> <strong>shield:DisableProactiveEngagement</strong> -- Prevents the SRT from proactively contacting the organization during detected events</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> <strong>shield:DisassociateDRTRole</strong> -- Revokes SRT access to the account, eliminating expert support during an active attack</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> <strong>shield:DeleteSubscription (deprecated)</strong> -- The DeleteSubscription API is deprecated; cancellation now requires contacting AWS Support. An attacker can use <code>shield:UpdateSubscription</code> with <code>AutoRenew=DISABLED</code> to prevent subscription renewal instead</li></ul><p>---</p></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #fb923c33;">
<h3 style="color: #fb923c;">⚠️ Misconfigurations</h3><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Protection Coverage Gaps</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> <strong>Internet-facing resources not added to Shield Advanced</strong> -- Shield Advanced requires explicit per-resource enrollment; unprotected ALBs, CloudFront distributions, or Elastic IPs receive only Standard-tier coverage</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> <strong>No health checks associated with protections</strong> -- Without Route 53 health checks, Shield Advanced cannot use health-based detection, resulting in slower detection and higher false-positive rates</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> <strong>Proactive engagement not enabled</strong> -- SRT cannot proactively reach out during detected events, delaying expert response</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> <strong>Emergency contacts not configured</strong> -- SRT has no way to reach the organization during an active DDoS event; defaults to no notifications</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> <strong>Protection groups not defined</strong> -- Without protection groups, detection cannot correlate traffic patterns across related resources</li></ul><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Operational Misconfigurations</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> <strong>No WAF web ACL on application-layer resources</strong> -- Shield Advanced automatic application-layer mitigation requires an associated AWS WAF web ACL; without it, Layer 7 protection is not active</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> <strong>DRT role not granted</strong> -- SRT cannot access WAF rules or logs to assist with mitigation if no IAM role is associated via AssociateDRTRole</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> <strong>DRT log bucket not associated</strong> -- SRT lacks visibility into VPC flow logs or WAF logs needed for attack analysis</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> <strong>Using Shield Advanced without Business/Enterprise Support</strong> -- SRT access requires a Business Support or Enterprise Support plan; without it, the SRT is unreachable even with an active subscription</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> <strong>Not using Firewall Manager for multi-account Shield deployment</strong> -- In AWS Organizations, manually managing Shield protections per account leads to coverage gaps when new resources are created</li></ul><p>---</p></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #22d3ee33;">
<h3 style="color: #22d3ee;">🔍 Enumeration</h3><h4 style="color: #22d3ee;">Check Subscription Status</h4><pre><code>aws shield get-subscription-state</code></pre><h4 style="color: #22d3ee;">Describe Shield Advanced Subscription Details</h4><pre><code>aws shield describe-subscription</code></pre><h4 style="color: #22d3ee;">List All Protected Resources</h4><pre><code>aws shield list-protections</code></pre><h4 style="color: #22d3ee;">Describe Protection for a Specific Resource</h4><pre><code>aws shield describe-protection \
--resource-arn arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:us-east-1:123456789012:loadbalancer/app/my-alb/1234567890123456</code></pre><h4 style="color: #22d3ee;">List Recent DDoS Attacks</h4><pre><code>aws shield list-attacks \
--start-time FromInclusive=2026-01-01T00:00:00Z,ToExclusive=2026-03-30T00:00:00Z</code></pre><h4 style="color: #22d3ee;">Describe a Specific Attack</h4><pre><code>aws shield describe-attack \
--attack-id a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLE11111</code></pre><h4 style="color: #22d3ee;">Describe Attack Statistics</h4><pre><code>aws shield describe-attack-statistics</code></pre><h4 style="color: #22d3ee;">List Protection Groups</h4><pre><code>aws shield list-protection-groups</code></pre><h4 style="color: #22d3ee;">Check DRT Access Configuration</h4><pre><code>aws shield describe-drt-access</code></pre><h4 style="color: #22d3ee;">Check Emergency Contact Settings</h4><pre><code>aws shield describe-emergency-contact-settings</code></pre><p>---</p></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #c084fc33;">
<h3 style="color: #c084fc;">📈 Privilege Escalation</h3><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">Direct Escalation Paths</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> <strong>shield:CreateSubscription + shield:CreateProtection</strong> -- An attacker who gains these permissions can subscribe the account to Shield Advanced ($3,000/month) and add protections, causing unexpected charges</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> <strong>shield:AssociateDRTRole</strong> -- Grants the SRT access to the account; an attacker could configure a role that grants overly broad access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> <strong>shield:AssociateDRTLogBucket</strong> -- Grants SRT read access to an S3 bucket; an attacker could point this to sensitive buckets</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> <strong>iam:PassRole + shield:AssociateDRTRole</strong> -- Pass a privileged IAM role to the SRT service, potentially granting it access beyond what is needed for DDoS response</li></ul><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">Indirect Escalation Paths</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> <strong>shield:DeleteProtection on all resources</strong> -- Combined with an external DDoS, this creates a denial-of-service that can cause financial damage through unmitigated scaling</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> <strong>shield:UpdateEmergencyContactSettings</strong> -- Redirect SRT notifications to attacker-controlled email addresses, hijacking incident communications</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> <strong>shield:EnableApplicationLayerAutomaticResponse with permissive WAF rules</strong> -- Could interfere with legitimate traffic if configured maliciously</li></ul><p>---</p></div></div>
<!-- Policies -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">📜</span> Policy Examples</h2><div class="policy-grid">
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">✗</span>
<span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Dangerous -- Overly Permissive Shield Access</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "shield:*",
"Resource": "*"
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc"><strong>Risk:</strong> Allows creating/deleting subscriptions, removing protections from resources, revoking DRT access, and disabling proactive engagement. An attacker with this policy can fully dismantle DDoS defenses.</p>
</div><div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">✓</span>
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure -- Read-Only Shield Monitoring</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Sid": "ShieldReadOnly",
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"shield:Describe*",
"shield:List*",
"shield:GetSubscriptionState"
],
"Resource": "*"
},
{
"Sid": "ProtectedResourcesReadAccess",
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"cloudfront:List*",
"cloudfront:GetDistribution*",
"elasticloadbalancing:Describe*",
"route53:List*",
"globalaccelerator:ListAccelerators",
"globalaccelerator:DescribeAccelerator",
"ec2:DescribeAddresses"
],
"Resource": "*"
},
{
"Sid": "CloudWatchMetrics",
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"cloudwatch:Describe*",
"cloudwatch:Get*",
"cloudwatch:List*"
],
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc"><strong>Why:</strong> Grants visibility into Shield protections, attack events, and protected resource status without the ability to modify DDoS defenses. Includes CloudWatch for viewing Shield metrics.</p>
</div><div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">✓</span>
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure -- SCP to Prevent Disabling Shield Advanced</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Sid": "PreventShieldDisable",
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": [
"shield:DeleteProtection",
"shield:DeleteSubscription",
"shield:DisableProactiveEngagement",
"shield:DisassociateDRTRole",
"shield:DisassociateDRTLogBucket",
"shield:DisassociateHealthCheck",
"shield:DisableApplicationLayerAutomaticResponse"
],
"Resource": "*",
"Condition": {
"ArnNotLike": {
"aws:PrincipalArn": "arn:aws:iam::*:role/ShieldAdmin"
}
}
}
]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc"><strong>Why:</strong> Prevents anyone except a dedicated ShieldAdmin role from disabling protections, removing health checks, or revoking SRT access. Deploy as an SCP in AWS Organizations.</p>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Defenses -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">🛡️</span> Defense Recommendations</h2><div class="defense-grid">
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon"></span>
<div>
<h4>Enable Shield Advanced on All Internet-Facing Resources</h4>
<p>Add explicit Shield Advanced protections to every CloudFront distribution, Application Load Balancer, Elastic IP, Global Accelerator, and Route 53 hosted zone that serves production traffic.</p>
<pre><code>aws shield create-protection \
--name "prod-alb-protection" \
--resource-arn arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:us-east-1:123456789012:loadbalancer/app/prod-alb/1234567890123456</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon"></span>
<div>
<h4>Associate Route 53 Health Checks for Health-Based Detection</h4>
<p>Health checks enable faster, more accurate detection and are required for proactive engagement.</p>
<pre><code>aws shield associate-health-check \
--protection-id abc123-def456 \
--health-check-arn arn:aws:route53:::healthcheck/12345678-abcd-efgh-ijkl-123456789012</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon"></span>
<div>
<h4>Enable Proactive Engagement and Configure Emergency Contacts</h4>
<p>Allow the SRT to contact you proactively during detected events.</p>
<pre><code>aws shield update-emergency-contact-settings \
--emergency-contact-list EmailAddress=security@example.com,PhoneNumber=+15551234567,ContactNotes="Security team on-call"</code></pre>
<pre><code>aws shield enable-proactive-engagement</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon"></span>
<div>
<h4>Grant DRT Access with a Scoped IAM Role</h4>
<p>Give the SRT the access they need to help during an attack without over-privileging.</p>
<pre><code>aws shield associate-drt-role \
--role-arn arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/AWSSRTAccessRole</code></pre>
<pre><code>aws shield associate-drt-log-bucket \
--log-bucket my-waf-logs-bucket</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon"></span>
<div>
<h4>Enable Automatic Application-Layer DDoS Mitigation</h4>
<p>Requires an AWS WAF web ACL associated with the protected resource.</p>
<pre><code>aws shield enable-application-layer-automatic-response \
--resource-arn arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:us-east-1:123456789012:loadbalancer/app/prod-alb/1234567890123456 \
--action Block={}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon"></span>
<div>
<h4>Create Protection Groups for Correlated Detection</h4>
<p>Group related resources so Shield Advanced can detect distributed attacks across multiple endpoints.</p>
<pre><code>aws shield create-protection-group \
--protection-group-id "prod-web-tier" \
--aggregation SUM \
--pattern ARBITRARY \
--members arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:us-east-1:123456789012:loadbalancer/app/prod-alb/1234567890123456</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon"></span>
<div>
<h4>Use AWS Firewall Manager for Multi-Account Shield Deployment</h4>
<p>In AWS Organizations, use Firewall Manager Shield Advanced policies to automatically protect resources across all member accounts and detect unprotected resources.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon"></span>
<div>
<h4>Deploy an SCP to Prevent Disabling Shield Protections</h4>
<p>Use the SCP example above in AWS Organizations to prevent unauthorized removal of DDoS protections.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon"></span>
<div>
<h4>Monitor Shield Metrics in CloudWatch</h4>
<p>Key metrics to alarm on: <code>DDoSDetected</code>, <code>DDoSAttackBitsPerSecond</code>, <code>DDoSAttackPacketsPerSecond</code>, <code>DDoSAttackRequestsPerSecond</code> in the <code>AWS/DDoSProtection</code> namespace. AWS Shield / Shield Advanced Security Card -- Toc Consulting Always obtain proper authorization before testing. DDoS testing against AWS resources requires prior approval from AWS per the AWS Acceptable Use Policy.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
<div class="footer">
<p><strong>AWS Shield Security Security Card</strong></p>
<p>Always obtain proper authorization before testing</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>