EmitVisitor.cpp

//===--- EmitVisitor.cpp - SPIR-V Emit Visitor Implementation ----*- C++ -*-==//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

// Do not change the inclusion order between "dxc/Support/*" files.
// clang-format off
#include "EmitVisitor.h"
#include "dxc/Support/Global.h"
#include "dxc/Support/WinIncludes.h"
#include "dxc/Support/dxcapi.use.h"
#include "dxc/Support/HLSLOptions.h"
#include "dxc/Support/FileIOHelper.h"
#include "clang/SPIRV/BitwiseCast.h"
#include "clang/SPIRV/SpirvBasicBlock.h"
#include "clang/SPIRV/SpirvFunction.h"
#include "clang/SPIRV/SpirvInstruction.h"
#include "clang/SPIRV/SpirvType.h"
#include "clang/SPIRV/String.h"
// clang-format on

#include <functional>

namespace clang {
namespace spirv {

namespace {

static const uint32_t kMaximumCharOpSource = 0xFFFA;
static const uint32_t kMaximumCharOpSourceContinued = 0xFFFD;

// Since OpSource does not have a result id, this is used to mark it was emitted
static const uint32_t kEmittedSourceForOpSource = 1;

/// Chops the given original string into multiple smaller ones to make sure they
/// can be encoded in a sequence of OpSourceContinued instructions following an
/// OpSource instruction.
void chopString(llvm::StringRef original,
                llvm::SmallVectorImpl<std::string> *chopped,
                uint32_t maxCharInOpSource, uint32_t maxCharInContinue) {
  chopped->clear();
  if (original.size() > maxCharInOpSource) {
    chopped->push_back(llvm::StringRef(original.data(), maxCharInOpSource));
    original = llvm::StringRef(original.data() + maxCharInOpSource,
                               original.size() - maxCharInOpSource);
    while (original.size() > maxCharInContinue) {
      chopped->push_back(llvm::StringRef(original.data(), maxCharInContinue));
      original = llvm::StringRef(original.data() + maxCharInContinue,
                                 original.size() - maxCharInContinue);
    }
    if (!original.empty()) {
      chopped->push_back(original);
    }
  } else if (!original.empty()) {
    chopped->push_back(original);
  }
}

/// Returns true if an OpLine instruction can be emitted for the given OpCode.
/// According to the SPIR-V Spec section 2.4 (Logical Layout of a Module), the
/// first section to allow use of OpLine debug information is after all
/// annotation instructions.
bool isOpLineLegalForOp(spv::Op op) {
  switch (op) {
    // Preamble binary
  case spv::Op::OpCapability:
  case spv::Op::OpExtension:
  case spv::Op::OpExtInstImport:
  case spv::Op::OpMemoryModel:
  case spv::Op::OpEntryPoint:
  case spv::Op::OpExecutionMode:
  case spv::Op::OpExecutionModeId:
    // Debug binary
  case spv::Op::OpString:
  case spv::Op::OpSource:
  case spv::Op::OpSourceExtension:
  case spv::Op::OpSourceContinued:
  case spv::Op::OpName:
  case spv::Op::OpMemberName:
    // Annotation binary
  case spv::Op::OpModuleProcessed:
  case spv::Op::OpDecorate:
  case spv::Op::OpDecorateId:
  case spv::Op::OpMemberDecorate:
  case spv::Op::OpGroupDecorate:
  case spv::Op::OpGroupMemberDecorate:
  case spv::Op::OpDecorationGroup:
  case spv::Op::OpDecorateStringGOOGLE:
  case spv::Op::OpMemberDecorateStringGOOGLE:
    return false;
  default:
    return true;
  }
}

/// Returns true if DebugLine instruction can be emitted for the given OpCode.
/// As a nonsemantic OpExtInst, there are several more ops that it cannot appear
/// before than an OpLine. Assumes illegal ops for OpLine have already been
/// eliminated.
bool isDebugLineLegalForOp(spv::Op op) {
  switch (op) {
  case spv::Op::OpFunction:
  case spv::Op::OpFunctionParameter:
  case spv::Op::OpLabel:
  case spv::Op::OpVariable:
  case spv::Op::OpPhi:
    return false;
  default:
    return true;
  }
}

// Returns SPIR-V version that will be used in SPIR-V header section.
uint32_t getHeaderVersion(spv_target_env env) {
  if (env >= SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6)
    return 0x00010600u;
  if (env >= SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5)
    return 0x00010500u;
  if (env >= SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4)
    return 0x00010400u;
  if (env >= SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3)
    return 0x00010300u;
  if (env >= SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2)
    return 0x00010200u;
  if (env >= SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1)
    return 0x00010100u;
  return 0x00010000u;
}

// Read the file in |filePath| and returns its contents as a string.
// This function will be used by DebugSource to get its source code.
std::string
ReadSourceCode(llvm::StringRef filePath,
               const clang::spirv::SpirvCodeGenOptions &spvOptions) {

  std::string localFilePath(filePath.begin(), filePath.end());
  try {
    dxc::DxCompilerDllLoader dllSupport;
    IFT(dllSupport.Initialize());

    CComPtr<IDxcLibrary> pLibrary;
    IFT(dllSupport.CreateInstance(CLSID_DxcLibrary, &pLibrary));

    CComPtr<IDxcBlobEncoding> pSource;
    std::wstring srcFile(filePath.begin(), filePath.end());
    IFT(pLibrary->CreateBlobFromFile(srcFile.c_str(), nullptr, &pSource));

    CComPtr<IDxcBlobUtf8> utf8Source;
    IFT(hlsl::DxcGetBlobAsUtf8(pSource, nullptr, &utf8Source));
    return std::string(utf8Source->GetStringPointer(),
                       utf8Source->GetStringLength());
  } catch (...) {
    // An exception has occurred while reading the file
    // return the original source (which may have been supplied directly)
    // only for the main input file
    if ((!strcmp(localFilePath.c_str(), "hlsl.hlsl") &&
         spvOptions.inputFile.empty()) ||
        !strcmp(localFilePath.c_str(), spvOptions.inputFile.c_str())) {
      return spvOptions.origSource.c_str();
    }
    return "";
  }
}

// Returns a vector of strings after chopping |inst| for the operand size
// limitation of OpSource.
llvm::SmallVector<std::string, 2>
getChoppedSourceCode(SpirvSource *inst,
                     const clang::spirv::SpirvCodeGenOptions &spvOptions) {
  std::string text = ReadSourceCode(inst->getFile()->getString(), spvOptions);
  if (text.empty()) {
    text = inst->getSource().str();
  }
  llvm::SmallVector<std::string, 2> choppedSrcCode;
  if (!text.empty()) {
    chopString(text, &choppedSrcCode, kMaximumCharOpSource,
               kMaximumCharOpSourceContinued);
  }
  return choppedSrcCode;
}

constexpr uint32_t kGeneratorNumber = 14;
constexpr uint32_t kToolVersion = 0;

} // anonymous namespace

EmitVisitor::Header::Header(uint32_t bound_, uint32_t version_)
    // We are using the unfied header, which shows spv::Version as the newest
    // version. But we need to stick to 1.0 for Vulkan consumption by default.
    : magicNumber(spv::MagicNumber), version(version_),
      generator((kGeneratorNumber << 16) | kToolVersion), bound(bound_),
      reserved(0) {}

EmitVisitor::~EmitVisitor() {
  for (auto *i : spvInstructions)
    i->releaseMemory();
}

template <>
uint32_t
EmitVisitor::getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(SpirvInstruction *obj) {
  auto *str = dyn_cast<SpirvString>(obj);
  if (str != nullptr) {
    auto it = stringIdMap.find(str->getString());
    if (it != stringIdMap.end()) {
      return it->second;
    }
  }

  if (!obj->getResultId()) {
    obj->setResultId(takeNextId());
  }
  if (str != nullptr) {
    stringIdMap[str->getString()] = obj->getResultId();
  }
  return obj->getResultId();
}

std::vector<uint32_t> EmitVisitor::Header::takeBinary() {
  std::vector<uint32_t> words;
  words.push_back(magicNumber);
  words.push_back(version);
  words.push_back(generator);
  words.push_back(bound);
  words.push_back(reserved);
  return words;
}

uint32_t EmitVisitor::getOrCreateOpStringId(llvm::StringRef str) {
  auto it = stringIdMap.find(str);
  if (it != stringIdMap.end()) {
    return it->second;
  }
  SpirvString *opString = new (context) SpirvString(/*SourceLocation*/ {}, str);
  visit(opString);
  spvInstructions.push_back(opString);
  return getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(opString);
}

uint32_t EmitVisitor::getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(uint32_t val) {
  if (spvOptions.debugInfoVulkan) {
    return typeHandler.getOrCreateConstantInt(
        llvm::APInt(32, val), context.getUIntType(32), /*isSpecConst */ false);
  } else {
    return val;
  }
}

void EmitVisitor::emitDebugNameForInstruction(uint32_t resultId,
                                              llvm::StringRef debugName) {
  // Most instructions do not have a debug name associated with them.
  if (debugName.empty())
    return;

  curInst.clear();
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(spv::Op::OpName));
  curInst.push_back(resultId);
  encodeString(debugName);
  curInst[0] |= static_cast<uint32_t>(curInst.size()) << 16;
  debugVariableBinary.insert(debugVariableBinary.end(), curInst.begin(),
                             curInst.end());
}

void EmitVisitor::emitDebugLine(spv::Op op, const SourceLocation &loc,
                                const SourceRange &range,
                                std::vector<uint32_t> *section,
                                bool isDebugScope) {
  if (!spvOptions.debugInfoLine)
    return;

  // Technically entry function wrappers do not exist in HLSL. They are just
  // created by DXC. We do not want to emit line information for their
  // instructions. To prevent spirv-opt from removing all debug info, we emit
  // OpLines to specify the beginning and end of the function.
  if (inEntryFunctionWrapper &&
      (op != spv::Op::OpReturn && op != spv::Op::OpFunction))
    return;

  // Body-less Import prototype: suppress OpLine for the *entire* emit
  // window — including the OpLine that initInstruction would emit
  // immediately before OpFunction itself. spirv-val's current layout
  // classification (OpLine -> FunctionDefinitions outside Types)
  // advances the section past FunctionDeclarations on any OpLine seen
  // while in FunctionDeclarations: the OpLines between OpFunction and
  // OpFunctionParameter trip the prototype's *own* OpFunctionEnd, and
  // — more subtly — the OpLine that DXC emits *between* two
  // consecutive prototypes (after the previous OpFunctionEnd, before
  // this prototype's OpFunction) trips the *next* prototype's
  // OpFunctionEnd. Skipping every OpLine inside the prototype's emit
  // window keeps the binary structurally-valid AND validator-clean.
  // Prototypes are dropped during link-time import resolution anyway,
  // so the lost source-location info on them costs nothing.
  if (inImportPrototype)
    return;

  // Based on SPIR-V spec, OpSelectionMerge must immediately precede either an
  // OpBranchConditional or OpSwitch instruction. Similarly OpLoopMerge must
  // immediately precede either an OpBranch or OpBranchConditional instruction.
  if (lastOpWasMergeInst) {
    lastOpWasMergeInst = false;
    debugLineStart = 0;
    debugColumnStart = 0;
    debugLineEnd = 0;
    debugColumnEnd = 0;
    return;
  }

  if (op == spv::Op::OpSelectionMerge || op == spv::Op::OpLoopMerge)
    lastOpWasMergeInst = true;

  if (!isOpLineLegalForOp(op))
    return;

  // If emitting Debug[No]Line, since it is an nonsemantic OpExtInst, it can
  // only appear in blocks after any OpPhi or OpVariable.
  if (spvOptions.debugInfoVulkan && !isDebugLineLegalForOp(op))
    return;

  // DebugGlobalVariable and DebugLocalVariable of rich DebugInfo already has
  // the line and the column information. We do not want to emit OpLine for
  // global variables and local variables. Instead, we want to emit OpLine for
  // their initialization if exists.
  if (op == spv::Op::OpVariable)
    return;

  // If no SourceLocation is provided, we have to emit OpNoLine to
  // specify the previous OpLine is not applied to this instruction.
  if (loc == SourceLocation()) {
    if (!isDebugScope && (debugLineStart != 0 || debugColumnStart != 0)) {
      curInst.clear();
      if (spvOptions.debugInfoVulkan) {
        curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(spv::Op::OpExtInst));
        curInst.push_back(typeHandler.emitType(context.getVoidType()));
        curInst.push_back(takeNextId());
        curInst.push_back(debugInfoExtInstId);
        curInst.push_back(104u); // DebugNoLine
      } else {
        curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(spv::Op::OpNoLine));
      }
      curInst[0] |= static_cast<uint32_t>(curInst.size()) << 16;
      section->insert(section->end(), curInst.begin(), curInst.end());
    }
    debugLineStart = 0;
    debugColumnStart = 0;
    debugLineEnd = 0;
    debugColumnEnd = 0;
    return;
  }

  auto fileId = debugMainFileId;
  const auto &sm = astContext.getSourceManager();
  const char *fileName = sm.getPresumedLoc(loc).getFilename();
  if (fileName)
    fileId = getOrCreateOpStringId(fileName);

  uint32_t lineStart;
  uint32_t lineEnd;
  uint32_t columnStart;
  uint32_t columnEnd;
  if (!spvOptions.debugInfoVulkan || range.isInvalid()) {
    lineStart = sm.getPresumedLineNumber(loc);
    columnStart = sm.getPresumedColumnNumber(loc);
    lineEnd = lineStart;
    columnEnd = columnStart;
  } else {
    SourceLocation locStart = range.getBegin();
    lineStart = sm.getPresumedLineNumber(locStart);
    columnStart = sm.getPresumedColumnNumber(locStart);
    SourceLocation locEnd = range.getEnd();
    lineEnd = sm.getPresumedLineNumber(locEnd);
    columnEnd = sm.getPresumedColumnNumber(locEnd);
  }

  // If it is a terminator, just reset the last line and column because
  // a terminator makes the OpLine not effective.
  bool resetLine = (op >= spv::Op::OpBranch && op <= spv::Op::OpUnreachable) ||
                   op == spv::Op::OpTerminateInvocation;

  if (!fileId || !lineStart || !columnStart ||
      (lineStart == debugLineStart && columnStart == debugColumnStart &&
       lineEnd == debugLineEnd && columnEnd == debugColumnEnd)) {
    if (resetLine) {
      debugLineStart = 0;
      debugColumnStart = 0;
      debugLineEnd = 0;
      debugColumnEnd = 0;
    }
    return;
  }

  assert(section);

  if (resetLine) {
    debugLineStart = 0;
    debugColumnStart = 0;
    debugLineEnd = 0;
    debugColumnEnd = 0;
  } else {
    // Keep the last line and column to avoid printing the duplicated OpLine.
    debugLineStart = lineStart;
    debugColumnStart = columnStart;
    debugLineEnd = lineEnd;
    debugColumnEnd = columnEnd;
  }

  if (columnEnd < columnStart) {
    columnEnd = columnStart = 0;
  }

  curInst.clear();
  if (!spvOptions.debugInfoVulkan) {
    curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(spv::Op::OpLine));
    curInst.push_back(fileId);
    curInst.push_back(lineStart);
    curInst.push_back(columnStart);
  } else {
    curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(spv::Op::OpExtInst));
    curInst.push_back(typeHandler.emitType(context.getVoidType()));
    curInst.push_back(takeNextId());
    curInst.push_back(debugInfoExtInstId);
    curInst.push_back(103u); // DebugLine
    curInst.push_back(emittedSource[fileId]);
    curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(lineStart));
    curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(lineEnd));
    curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(columnStart));
    curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(columnEnd));
  }
  curInst[0] |= static_cast<uint32_t>(curInst.size()) << 16;
  section->insert(section->end(), curInst.begin(), curInst.end());
}

bool EmitVisitor::emitCooperativeMatrixLength(SpirvUnaryOp *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  const uint32_t operandResultTypeId =
      typeHandler.emitType(inst->getOperand()->getResultType());
  curInst.push_back(operandResultTypeId);
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

void EmitVisitor::initInstruction(SpirvInstruction *inst) {
  // Emit the result type if the instruction has a result type.
  if (inst->hasResultType()) {
    const uint32_t resultTypeId = typeHandler.emitType(inst->getResultType());
    inst->setResultTypeId(resultTypeId);
  }

  // Emit NonUniformEXT decoration (if any).
  if (inst->isNonUniform()) {
    typeHandler.emitDecoration(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                               spv::Decoration::NonUniformEXT, {});
  }
  // Emit RelaxedPrecision decoration (if any).
  if (inst->isRelaxedPrecision()) {
    typeHandler.emitDecoration(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                               spv::Decoration::RelaxedPrecision, {});
  }
  // Emit NoContraction decoration (if any).
  if ((spvOptions.IEEEStrict || inst->isPrecise()) &&
      inst->isArithmeticInstruction()) {
    typeHandler.emitDecoration(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                               spv::Decoration::NoContraction, {});
  }

  // According to Section 2.4. Logical Layout of a Module in the SPIR-V spec:
  // OpLine is always emitted to the main binary, except for global variables.
  // Global variables (variables whose storage class is NOT function) are
  // emitted before the main binary. They are allowed to have an OpLine
  // associated with them.
  bool isGlobalVar = false;
  if (auto *var = dyn_cast<SpirvVariable>(inst))
    isGlobalVar = var->getStorageClass() != spv::StorageClass::Function;
  const auto op = inst->getopcode();
  emitDebugLine(op, inst->getSourceLocation(), inst->getSourceRange(),
                isGlobalVar ? &globalVarsBinary : &mainBinary,
                isa<SpirvDebugScope>(inst));

  // Initialize the current instruction for emitting.
  curInst.clear();
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(op));
}

void EmitVisitor::initInstruction(spv::Op op, const SourceLocation &loc) {
  emitDebugLine(op, loc, {}, &mainBinary);

  curInst.clear();
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(op));
}

void EmitVisitor::finalizeInstruction(std::vector<uint32_t> *section) {
  assert(section);
  curInst[0] |= static_cast<uint32_t>(curInst.size()) << 16;
  section->insert(section->end(), curInst.begin(), curInst.end());
}

std::vector<uint32_t> EmitVisitor::takeBinary() {
  std::vector<uint32_t> result;
  Header header(takeNextId(), getHeaderVersion(featureManager.getTargetEnv()));
  auto headerBinary = header.takeBinary();
  result.insert(result.end(), headerBinary.begin(), headerBinary.end());
  result.insert(result.end(), preambleBinary.begin(), preambleBinary.end());
  result.insert(result.end(), debugFileBinary.begin(), debugFileBinary.end());
  result.insert(result.end(), debugVariableBinary.begin(),
                debugVariableBinary.end());
  result.insert(result.end(), annotationsBinary.begin(),
                annotationsBinary.end());
  result.insert(result.end(), fwdDeclBinary.begin(), fwdDeclBinary.end());
  result.insert(result.end(), typeConstantBinary.begin(),
                typeConstantBinary.end());
  result.insert(result.end(), globalVarsBinary.begin(), globalVarsBinary.end());
  result.insert(result.end(), richDebugInfo.begin(), richDebugInfo.end());
  result.insert(result.end(), mainBinary.begin(), mainBinary.end());
  return result;
}

void EmitVisitor::encodeString(llvm::StringRef value) {
  const auto &words = string::encodeSPIRVString(value);
  curInst.insert(curInst.end(), words.begin(), words.end());
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvModule *, Phase) {
  // No pre-visit operations needed for SpirvModule.
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvFunction *fn, Phase phase) {
  assert(fn);

  // Before emitting the function
  if (phase == Visitor::Phase::Init) {
    const uint32_t returnTypeId = typeHandler.emitType(fn->getReturnType());
    const uint32_t functionTypeId = typeHandler.emitType(fn->getFunctionType());

    if (fn->isEntryFunctionWrapper())
      inEntryFunctionWrapper = true;
    // Body-less functions are Import prototypes (under
    // -fspv-allow-import). Suppress OpLine for instructions inside
    // their header — see the `inImportPrototype` flag in EmitVisitor.h
    // for the rationale.
    if (fn->isDeclaration())
      inImportPrototype = true;

    // Emit OpFunction
    initInstruction(spv::Op::OpFunction, fn->getSourceLocation());
    curInst.push_back(returnTypeId);
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvFunction>(fn));
    curInst.push_back(
        fn->isNoInline()
            ? static_cast<uint32_t>(spv::FunctionControlMask::DontInline)
            : static_cast<uint32_t>(spv::FunctionControlMask::MaskNone));
    curInst.push_back(functionTypeId);
    finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
    emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvFunction>(fn),
                                fn->getFunctionName());

    // RelaxedPrecision decoration may be applied to an OpFunction instruction.
    if (fn->isRelaxedPrecision())
      typeHandler.emitDecoration(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvFunction>(fn),
                                 spv::Decoration::RelaxedPrecision, {});
  }
  // After emitting the function
  else if (phase == Visitor::Phase::Done) {
    // Emit OpFunctionEnd
    initInstruction(spv::Op::OpFunctionEnd, /* SourceLocation */ {});
    finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
    inEntryFunctionWrapper = false;
    inImportPrototype = false;
  }

  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvBasicBlock *bb, Phase phase) {
  assert(bb);

  // Before emitting the basic block.
  if (phase == Visitor::Phase::Init) {
    // Emit OpLabel
    initInstruction(spv::Op::OpLabel, /* SourceLocation */ {});
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvBasicBlock>(bb));
    finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
    emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvBasicBlock>(bb),
                                bb->getName());
  }
  // After emitting the basic block
  else if (phase == Visitor::Phase::Done) {
    assert(bb->hasTerminator());
  }
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvCapability *cap) {
  initInstruction(cap);
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(cap->getCapability()));
  finalizeInstruction(&preambleBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvExtension *ext) {
  initInstruction(ext);
  encodeString(ext->getExtensionName());
  finalizeInstruction(&preambleBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvExtInstImport *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  uint32_t resultId = getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst);
  curInst.push_back(resultId);
  StringRef setName = inst->getExtendedInstSetName();
  encodeString(setName);
  finalizeInstruction(&preambleBinary);
  // Remember id if needed later for DebugLine
  if ((spvOptions.debugInfoVulkan &&
       setName.equals("NonSemantic.Shader.DebugInfo.100")) ||
      (!spvOptions.debugInfoVulkan && setName.equals("OpenCL.DebugInfo.100")))
    debugInfoExtInstId = resultId;
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvMemoryModel *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getAddressingModel()));
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getMemoryModel()));
  finalizeInstruction(&preambleBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvEntryPoint *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getExecModel()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvFunction>(inst->getEntryPoint()));
  encodeString(inst->getEntryPointName());
  for (auto *var : inst->getInterface())
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(var));
  finalizeInstruction(&preambleBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvExecutionModeBase *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvFunction>(inst->getEntryPoint()));
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getExecutionMode()));
  if (auto *exeModeId = dyn_cast<SpirvExecutionModeId>(inst)) {
    for (SpirvInstruction *param : exeModeId->getParams()) {
      if (auto *ConstantInst = dyn_cast<SpirvConstant>(param))
        typeHandler.getOrCreateConstant(ConstantInst);
      curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(param));
    }
  } else {
    auto *exeMode = llvm::cast<SpirvExecutionMode>(inst);
    ArrayRef<uint32_t> params = exeMode->getParams();
    curInst.insert(curInst.end(), params.begin(), params.end());
  }
  finalizeInstruction(&preambleBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvString *inst) {
  auto it = stringIdMap.find(inst->getString());
  if (it != stringIdMap.end())
    return true;
  uint32_t strId = getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst);
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(strId);
  encodeString(inst->getString());
  finalizeInstruction(&debugFileBinary);
  stringIdMap[inst->getString()] = strId;
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvSource *inst) {
  // We should either emit OpSource or DebugSource, not both.
  // Therefore if rich debug info is being generated, we will skip
  // emitting OpSource.
  if (spvOptions.debugInfoRich)
    return true;

  // Return if we already emitted this OpSource.
  uint32_t fileId = getSourceFileId(inst);
  if (isSourceWithFileEmitted(fileId))
    return true;

  setFileOfSourceToDebugSourceId(fileId, kEmittedSourceForOpSource);

  if (!debugMainFileId)
    debugMainFileId = fileId;

  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getSourceLanguage()));
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getVersion()));
  if (hlslVersion == 0)
    hlslVersion = inst->getVersion();
  if (inst->hasFile())
    curInst.push_back(fileId);

  // Chop up the source into multiple segments if it is too long.
  llvm::SmallVector<std::string, 2> choppedSrcCode;
  if (spvOptions.debugInfoSource && inst->hasFile()) {
    choppedSrcCode = getChoppedSourceCode(inst, spvOptions);
    if (!choppedSrcCode.empty()) {
      // Note: in order to improve performance and avoid multiple copies, we
      // encode this (potentially large) string directly into the
      // debugFileBinary.
      const auto &words = string::encodeSPIRVString(choppedSrcCode.front());
      const auto numWordsInInstr = curInst.size() + words.size();
      curInst[0] |= static_cast<uint32_t>(numWordsInInstr) << 16;
      debugFileBinary.insert(debugFileBinary.end(), curInst.begin(),
                             curInst.end());
      debugFileBinary.insert(debugFileBinary.end(), words.begin(), words.end());
    }
  }

  if (choppedSrcCode.empty()) {
    curInst[0] |= static_cast<uint32_t>(curInst.size()) << 16;
    debugFileBinary.insert(debugFileBinary.end(), curInst.begin(),
                           curInst.end());
    return true;
  }

  // Now emit OpSourceContinued for the [second:last] snippet.
  for (uint32_t i = 1; i < choppedSrcCode.size(); ++i) {
    initInstruction(spv::Op::OpSourceContinued, /* SourceLocation */ {});
    // Note: in order to improve performance and avoid multiple copies, we
    // encode this (potentially large) string directly into the debugFileBinary.
    const auto &words = string::encodeSPIRVString(choppedSrcCode[i]);
    const auto numWordsInInstr = curInst.size() + words.size();
    curInst[0] |= static_cast<uint32_t>(numWordsInInstr) << 16;
    debugFileBinary.insert(debugFileBinary.end(), curInst.begin(),
                           curInst.end());
    debugFileBinary.insert(debugFileBinary.end(), words.begin(), words.end());
  }

  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvModuleProcessed *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  encodeString(inst->getProcess());
  finalizeInstruction(&annotationsBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDecoration *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  if (inst->getTarget()) {
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getTarget()));
  } else {
    assert(inst->getTargetFunc() != nullptr);
    curInst.push_back(
        getOrAssignResultId<SpirvFunction>(inst->getTargetFunc()));
  }

  if (inst->isMemberDecoration())
    curInst.push_back(inst->getMemberIndex());
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getDecoration()));
  if (!inst->getParams().empty()) {
    curInst.insert(curInst.end(), inst->getParams().begin(),
                   inst->getParams().end());
  }
  if (!inst->getIdParams().empty()) {
    for (auto *paramInstr : inst->getIdParams())
      curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(paramInstr));
  }
  finalizeInstruction(&annotationsBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvVariable *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getStorageClass()));
  if (inst->hasInitializer())
    curInst.push_back(
        getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInitializer()));
  finalizeInstruction(inst->getStorageClass() == spv::StorageClass::Function
                          ? &mainBinary
                          : &globalVarsBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());

  if (spvOptions.enableReflect && inst->hasBinding() &&
      !inst->getHlslUserType().empty()) {
    std::pair<llvm::StringRef, llvm::StringRef> splitUserType =
        inst->getHlslUserType().split('<');
    std::string formattedUserType = splitUserType.first.lower();

    // Format and append template arguments.
    if (!splitUserType.second.empty()) {
      llvm::SmallVector<llvm::StringRef, 4> templateParams;
      splitUserType.second.split(templateParams, ", ");
      if (templateParams.size() > 0) {
        formattedUserType += ":<";
        formattedUserType += templateParams[0];
        for (size_t i = 1; i < templateParams.size(); i++) {
          formattedUserType += ",";
          formattedUserType += templateParams[i];
        }
      }
    }

    typeHandler.emitDecoration(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                               spv::Decoration::UserTypeGOOGLE,
                               string::encodeSPIRVString(formattedUserType));
  }
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvUntypedVariableKHR *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getStorageClass()));
  finalizeInstruction(inst->getStorageClass() == spv::StorageClass::Function
                          ? &mainBinary
                          : &globalVarsBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvUntypedAccessChainKHR *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(typeHandler.emitType(inst->getBaseType()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getBase()));
  for (const auto index : inst->getIndices())
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(index));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvUntypedImageTexelPointerEXT *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getImage()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getCoordinate()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getSample()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvFunctionParameter *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvLoopMerge *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvBasicBlock>(inst->getMergeBlock()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvBasicBlock>(inst->getContinueTarget()));
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getLoopControlMask()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvSelectionMerge *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvBasicBlock>(inst->getMergeBlock()));
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getSelectionControlMask()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvBranch *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvBasicBlock>(inst->getTargetLabel()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvBranchConditional *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getCondition()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvBasicBlock>(inst->getTrueLabel()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvBasicBlock>(inst->getFalseLabel()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvKill *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvReturn *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  if (inst->hasReturnValue()) {
    curInst.push_back(
        getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getReturnValue()));
  }
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvSwitch *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getSelector()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvBasicBlock>(inst->getDefaultLabel()));
  for (const auto &target : inst->getTargets()) {
    typeHandler.emitIntLiteral(target.first, curInst);
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvBasicBlock>(target.second));
  }
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvUnreachable *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvAccessChain *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getBase()));
  for (const auto index : inst->getIndexes())
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(index));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvAtomic *inst) {
  const auto op = inst->getopcode();
  initInstruction(inst);
  if (op != spv::Op::OpAtomicStore && op != spv::Op::OpAtomicFlagClear) {
    curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  }
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getPointer()));

  curInst.push_back(typeHandler.getOrCreateConstantInt(
      llvm::APInt(32, static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getScope())),
      context.getUIntType(32), /*isSpecConst */ false));

  curInst.push_back(typeHandler.getOrCreateConstantInt(
      llvm::APInt(32, static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getMemorySemantics())),
      context.getUIntType(32), /*isSpecConst */ false));

  if (inst->hasComparator())
    curInst.push_back(typeHandler.getOrCreateConstantInt(
        llvm::APInt(32,
                    static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getMemorySemanticsUnequal())),
        context.getUIntType(32), /*isSpecConst */ false));

  if (inst->hasValue())
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getValue()));
  if (inst->hasComparator())
    curInst.push_back(
        getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getComparator()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvBarrier *inst) {
  const uint32_t executionScopeId =
      inst->isControlBarrier()
          ? typeHandler.getOrCreateConstantInt(
                llvm::APInt(32,
                            static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getExecutionScope())),
                context.getUIntType(32), /*isSpecConst */ false)
          : 0;

  const uint32_t memoryScopeId = typeHandler.getOrCreateConstantInt(
      llvm::APInt(32, static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getMemoryScope())),
      context.getUIntType(32), /*isSpecConst */ false);

  const uint32_t memorySemanticsId = typeHandler.getOrCreateConstantInt(
      llvm::APInt(32, static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getMemorySemantics())),
      context.getUIntType(32), /* isSpecConst */ false);

  initInstruction(inst);
  if (inst->isControlBarrier())
    curInst.push_back(executionScopeId);
  curInst.push_back(memoryScopeId);
  curInst.push_back(memorySemanticsId);
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvIsNodePayloadValid *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getPayloadArray()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getNodeIndex()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvNodePayloadArrayLength *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getPayloadArray()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvAllocateNodePayloads *inst) {
  const uint32_t allocationScopeId = typeHandler.getOrCreateConstantInt(
      llvm::APInt(32, static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getAllocationScope())),
      context.getUIntType(32), /*isSpecConst */ false);

  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(allocationScopeId);
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getRecordCount()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getShaderIndex()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvEnqueueNodePayloads *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getPayload()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvFinishWritingNodePayload *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getPayload()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvBinaryOp *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getOperand1()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getOperand2()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvBitFieldExtract *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getBase()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getOffset()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getCount()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvBitFieldInsert *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getBase()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInsert()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getOffset()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getCount()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvConstantBoolean *inst) {
  typeHandler.getOrCreateConstant(inst);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvConstantInteger *inst) {
  // Note: Since array types need to create uint 32-bit constants for result-id
  // of array length, the typeHandler keeps track of uint32 constant uniqueness.
  // Therefore emitting uint32 constants should be handled by the typeHandler.
  typeHandler.getOrCreateConstant(inst);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvConstantFloat *inst) {
  typeHandler.getOrCreateConstant(inst);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvConstantComposite *inst) {
  typeHandler.getOrCreateConstant(inst);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvConstantString *inst) {
  typeHandler.getOrCreateConstant(inst);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvConstantNull *inst) {
  typeHandler.getOrCreateConstant(inst);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvConvertPtrToU *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getPtr()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvConvertUToPtr *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getVal()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvUndef *inst) {
  typeHandler.getOrCreateUndef(inst);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvCompositeConstruct *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  for (const auto constituent : inst->getConstituents())
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(constituent));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvCompositeExtract *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getComposite()));
  for (const auto constituent : inst->getIndexes())
    curInst.push_back(constituent);
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvCompositeInsert *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getObject()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getComposite()));
  for (const auto constituent : inst->getIndexes())
    curInst.push_back(constituent);
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvEmitVertex *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvEndPrimitive *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvExtInst *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getInstruction());
  for (const auto operand : inst->getOperands())
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(operand));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvFunctionCall *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvFunction>(inst->getFunction()));
  for (const auto arg : inst->getArgs())
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(arg));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvGroupNonUniformOp *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  if (inst->hasExecutionScope())
    curInst.push_back(typeHandler.getOrCreateConstantInt(
        llvm::APInt(32, static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getExecutionScope())),
        context.getUIntType(32), /* isSpecConst */ false));
  if (inst->hasGroupOp())
    curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getGroupOp()));
  for (auto *operand : inst->getOperands())
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(operand));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvImageOp *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);

  if (!inst->isImageWrite()) {
    curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  }

  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getImage()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getCoordinate()));

  if (inst->isImageWrite())
    curInst.push_back(
        getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getTexelToWrite()));

  if (inst->hasDref())
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getDref()));
  if (inst->hasComponent())
    curInst.push_back(
        getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getComponent()));
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getImageOperandsMask()));
  if (inst->getImageOperandsMask() != spv::ImageOperandsMask::MaskNone) {
    if (inst->hasBias())
      curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getBias()));
    if (inst->hasLod())
      curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getLod()));
    if (inst->hasGrad()) {
      curInst.push_back(
          getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getGradDx()));
      curInst.push_back(
          getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getGradDy()));
    }
    if (inst->hasConstOffset())
      curInst.push_back(
          getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getConstOffset()));
    if (inst->hasOffset())
      curInst.push_back(
          getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getOffset()));
    if (inst->hasConstOffsets())
      curInst.push_back(
          getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getConstOffsets()));
    if (inst->hasSample())
      curInst.push_back(
          getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getSample()));
    if (inst->hasMinLod())
      curInst.push_back(
          getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getMinLod()));
  }
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvImageQuery *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getImage()));
  if (inst->hasCoordinate())
    curInst.push_back(
        getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getCoordinate()));
  if (inst->hasLod())
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getLod()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvImageSparseTexelsResident *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getResidentCode()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvImageTexelPointer *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getImage()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getCoordinate()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getSample()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvLoad *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getPointer()));
  if (inst->hasMemoryAccessSemantics()) {
    spv::MemoryAccessMask memoryAccess = inst->getMemoryAccess();
    curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(memoryAccess));
    if (inst->hasAlignment()) {
      assert(static_cast<uint32_t>(memoryAccess) &
             static_cast<uint32_t>(spv::MemoryAccessMask::Aligned));
      curInst.push_back(inst->getAlignment());
    }
  }
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvCopyObject *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getPointer()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvSampledImage *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getImage()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getSampler()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvSelect *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getCondition()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getTrueObject()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getFalseObject()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvSpecConstantBinaryOp *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getSpecConstantopcode()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getOperand1()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getOperand2()));
  finalizeInstruction(&typeConstantBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvSpecConstantUnaryOp *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getSpecConstantopcode()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getOperand()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvStore *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getPointer()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getObject()));
  if (inst->hasMemoryAccessSemantics()) {
    spv::MemoryAccessMask memoryAccess = inst->getMemoryAccess();
    curInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(memoryAccess));
    if (inst->hasAlignment()) {
      assert(static_cast<uint32_t>(memoryAccess) &
             static_cast<uint32_t>(spv::MemoryAccessMask::Aligned));
      curInst.push_back(inst->getAlignment());
    }
  }
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvNullaryOp *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);

  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvUnaryOp *inst) {
  if (inst->getopcode() == spv::Op::OpCooperativeMatrixLengthKHR) {
    return emitCooperativeMatrixLength(inst);
  }

  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getOperand()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvVectorShuffle *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getVec1()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getVec2()));
  for (const auto component : inst->getComponents())
    curInst.push_back(component);
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvArrayLength *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getStructure()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getArrayMember());
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvRayTracingOpNV *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  if (inst->hasResultType()) {
    curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  }
  for (const auto operand : inst->getOperands())
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(operand));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDemoteToHelperInvocation *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvIsHelperInvocationEXT *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugInfoNone *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  return true;
}

void EmitVisitor::generateDebugSource(uint32_t fileId, uint32_t textId,
                                      SpirvDebugSource *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(typeHandler.emitType(context.getVoidType()));
  uint32_t resultId = getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst);
  curInst.push_back(resultId);
  curInst.push_back(debugInfoExtInstId);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(fileId);
  if (textId)
    curInst.push_back(textId);
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  emittedSource[fileId] = resultId;
}

void EmitVisitor::generateDebugSourceContinued(uint32_t textId,
                                               SpirvDebugSource *inst) {
  initInstruction(spv::Op::OpExtInst, /* SourceLocation */ {});
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(takeNextId());
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(102u); // DebugSourceContinued
  curInst.push_back(textId);
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
}

void EmitVisitor::generateChoppedSource(uint32_t fileId,
                                        SpirvDebugSource *inst) {
  // Chop up the source into multiple segments if it is too long.
  llvm::SmallVector<std::string, 2> choppedSrcCode;
  uint32_t textId = 0;
  if (spvOptions.debugInfoSource) {
    std::string text = inst->getContent();
    if (text.empty())
      text = ReadSourceCode(inst->getFile(), spvOptions);
    if (!text.empty()) {
      // Maximum characters for DebugSource and DebugSourceContinued
      // OpString literal minus terminating null.
      uint32_t maxChar = spvOptions.debugSourceLen * sizeof(uint32_t) - 1;
      chopString(text, &choppedSrcCode, maxChar, maxChar);
    }
    if (!choppedSrcCode.empty())
      textId = getOrCreateOpStringId(choppedSrcCode.front());
  }
  // Generate DebugSource
  generateDebugSource(fileId, textId, inst);

  // Now emit DebugSourceContinued for the [second:last] snippets.
  for (uint32_t i = 1; i < choppedSrcCode.size(); ++i) {
    textId = getOrCreateOpStringId(choppedSrcCode[i]);
    generateDebugSourceContinued(textId, inst);
  }
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugSource *inst) {
  // Emit the OpString for the file name.
  uint32_t fileId = getOrCreateOpStringId(inst->getFile());
  if (!debugMainFileId)
    debugMainFileId = fileId;

  if (emittedSource[fileId] != 0)
    return true;

  if (spvOptions.debugInfoVulkan) {
    generateChoppedSource(fileId, inst);
    return true;
  }
  // OpenCL.DebugInfo.100
  // TODO(greg-lunarg): This logic does not currently handle text that is too
  // long for a string. In this case, the entire compiler returns without
  // producing a SPIR-V file. Once DebugSourceContinued is added to
  // OpenCL.DebugInfo.100, the logic below can be removed and the
  // NonSemantic.Shader.DebugInfo.100 logic above can be used for both cases.
  uint32_t textId = 0;
  if (spvOptions.debugInfoSource) {
    auto text = ReadSourceCode(inst->getFile(), spvOptions);
    if (!text.empty())
      textId = getOrCreateOpStringId(text);
  }
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  uint32_t resultId = getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst);
  curInst.push_back(resultId);
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(fileId);
  if (textId)
    curInst.push_back(textId);
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  emittedSource[fileId] = resultId;
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugCompilationUnit *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getSpirvVersion()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getDwarfVersion()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getDebugSource()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(
      static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getLanguage())));
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugLexicalBlock *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getSource()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getLine()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getColumn()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getParentScope()));
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugScope *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getScope()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugFunctionDeclaration *inst) {
  uint32_t nameId = getOrCreateOpStringId(inst->getDebugName());
  uint32_t linkageNameId = getOrCreateOpStringId(inst->getLinkageName());
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(nameId);
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getDebugType()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getSource()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getLine()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getColumn()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getParentScope()));
  curInst.push_back(linkageNameId);
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getFlags()));
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugFunction *inst) {
  uint32_t nameId = getOrCreateOpStringId(inst->getDebugName());
  uint32_t linkageNameId = getOrCreateOpStringId(inst->getLinkageName());
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(nameId);
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getDebugType()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getSource()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getLine()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getColumn()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getParentScope()));
  curInst.push_back(linkageNameId);
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getFlags()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getScopeLine()));
  /// Only emit the function Id for OpenCL debug info, Vulkan debug info
  /// disallows forward references
  if (!spvOptions.debugInfoVulkan) {
    auto *fn = inst->getSpirvFunction();
    if (fn) {
      curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvFunction>(fn));
    } else {
      curInst.push_back(
          getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getDebugInfoNone()));
    }
  }
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugFunctionDefinition *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getDebugFunction()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvFunction>(inst->getFunction()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugEntryPoint *inst) {
  uint32_t sigId = getOrCreateOpStringId(inst->getSignature());
  uint32_t argId = getOrCreateOpStringId(inst->getArgs());
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getEntryPoint()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getCompilationUnit()));
  curInst.push_back(sigId);
  curInst.push_back(argId);
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugTypeBasic *inst) {
  uint32_t typeNameId = getOrCreateOpStringId(inst->getDebugName());
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(typeNameId);
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getSize()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getEncoding()));
  // Vulkan needs flag operand. TODO(greg-lunarg): Set flag correctly.
  if (spvOptions.debugInfoVulkan)
    curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(0));
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugTypeVector *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getElementType()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getElementCount()));
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugTypeMatrix *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getVectorType()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getVectorCount()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(1));
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugTypeArray *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getElementType()));

  // This is a reverse order of dimensions, thereby emitting in a reverse order.
  for (auto it = inst->getElementCount().rbegin();
       it != inst->getElementCount().rend(); ++it) {
    const auto countId = typeHandler.getOrCreateConstantInt(
        llvm::APInt(32, *it), context.getUIntType(32),
        /* isSpecConst */ false);
    curInst.push_back(countId);
  }

  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugTypeFunction *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getDebugFlags()));
  if (inst->getReturnType()) {
    curInst.push_back(
        getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getReturnType()));
  } else {
    // If return type is void, the return instruction must be OpTypeVoid.
    curInst.push_back(typeHandler.emitType(context.getVoidType()));
  }
  for (auto *paramType : inst->getParamTypes()) {
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(paramType));
  }
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugTypeComposite *inst) {
  uint32_t typeNameId = getOrCreateOpStringId(inst->getDebugName());
  uint32_t linkageNameId = getOrCreateOpStringId(inst->getLinkageName());
  const auto size = typeHandler.getOrCreateConstantInt(
      llvm::APInt(32, inst->getSizeInBits()), context.getUIntType(32),
      /* isSpecConst */ false);
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(typeNameId);
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getTag()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getSource()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getLine()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getColumn()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getParentScope()));
  curInst.push_back(linkageNameId);
  if (inst->getDebugInfoNone()) {
    curInst.push_back(
        getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getDebugInfoNone()));
  } else {
    curInst.push_back(size);
  }
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getDebugFlags()));
  for (auto *member : inst->getMembers()) {
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(member));
  }
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugTypeMember *inst) {
  uint32_t typeNameId = getOrCreateOpStringId(inst->getDebugName());
  const auto offset = typeHandler.getOrCreateConstantInt(
      llvm::APInt(32, inst->getOffsetInBits()), context.getUIntType(32),
      /* isSpecConst */ false);
  const auto size = typeHandler.getOrCreateConstantInt(
      llvm::APInt(32, inst->getSizeInBits()), context.getUIntType(32),
      /* isSpecConst */ false);
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(typeNameId);
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getDebugType()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getSource()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getLine()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getColumn()));
  /// Only emit the parent reference for OpenCL debug info. Vulkan debug info
  /// breaks reference cycle between DebugTypeComposite and DebugTypeMember,
  /// with only the composite referencing its members and not the reverse.
  if (!spvOptions.debugInfoVulkan) {
    curInst.push_back(
        getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getParentScope()));
  }
  curInst.push_back(offset);
  curInst.push_back(size);
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getDebugFlags()));
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugTypeTemplate *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getTarget()));
  for (auto *param : inst->getParams()) {
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(param));
  }
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugTypeTemplateParameter *inst) {
  uint32_t typeNameId = getOrCreateOpStringId(inst->getDebugName());
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(typeNameId);
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getActualType()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getValue()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getSource()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getLine()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getColumn()));
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugLocalVariable *inst) {
  uint32_t nameId = getOrCreateOpStringId(inst->getDebugName());
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(nameId);
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getDebugType()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getSource()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getLine()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getColumn()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getParentScope()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getFlags()));
  if (inst->getArgNumber().hasValue()) {
    curInst.push_back(
        getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getArgNumber().getValue()));
  }
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugDeclare *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getDebugLocalVariable()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getVariable()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getDebugExpression()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugGlobalVariable *inst) {
  uint32_t nameId = getOrCreateOpStringId(inst->getDebugName());
  uint32_t linkageNameId = getOrCreateOpStringId(inst->getLinkageName());
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  curInst.push_back(nameId);
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getDebugType()));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getSource()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getLine()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getColumn()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getParentScope()));
  curInst.push_back(linkageNameId);
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getVariable()));
  curInst.push_back(getLiteralEncodedForDebugInfo(inst->getFlags()));
  if (inst->getStaticMemberDebugDecl().hasValue())
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(
        inst->getStaticMemberDebugDecl().getValue()));

  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvDebugExpression *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
  curInst.push_back(inst->getDebugOpcode());
  for (const auto &op : inst->getOperations())
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(op));
  finalizeInstruction(&richDebugInfo);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvRayQueryOpKHR *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  if (inst->hasResultType()) {
    curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  }
  for (const auto operand : inst->getOperands())
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(operand));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvReadClock *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getScope()));
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  emitDebugNameForInstruction(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst),
                              inst->getDebugName());
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvRayTracingTerminateOpKHR *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvIntrinsicInstruction *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);
  if (inst->hasResultType()) {
    curInst.push_back(inst->getResultTypeId());
    curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  }
  if (inst->getInstructionSet()) {
    curInst.push_back(
        getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getInstructionSet()));
    curInst.push_back(inst->getInstruction());
  }

  for (const auto operand : inst->getOperands()) {
    auto literalOperand = dyn_cast<SpirvConstant>(operand);
    if (literalOperand && literalOperand->isLiteral()) {
      typeHandler.emitLiteral(literalOperand, curInst);
    } else {
      curInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(operand));
    }
  }

  auto opcode = static_cast<spv::Op>(inst->getInstruction());
  if ((opcode == spv::Op::OpSpecConstant || opcode == spv::Op::OpConstant) &&
      !inst->getInstructionSet()) {
    finalizeInstruction(&typeConstantBinary);
  } else {
    finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  }
  return true;
}

bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvEmitMeshTasksEXT *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);

  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getXDimension()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getYDimension()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getZDimension()));
  if (inst->getPayload() != nullptr) {
    curInst.push_back(
        getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getPayload()));
  }

  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}
bool EmitVisitor::visit(SpirvSetMeshOutputsEXT *inst) {
  initInstruction(inst);

  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getVertexCount()));
  curInst.push_back(
      getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst->getPrimitiveCount()));

  finalizeInstruction(&mainBinary);
  return true;
}

// EmitTypeHandler ------

void EmitTypeHandler::initTypeInstruction(spv::Op op) {
  curTypeInst.clear();
  curTypeInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(op));
}

void EmitTypeHandler::finalizeTypeInstruction(bool isFwdDecl) {
  curTypeInst[0] |= static_cast<uint32_t>(curTypeInst.size()) << 16;
  auto binarySection = isFwdDecl ? fwdDeclBinary : typeConstantBinary;
  binarySection->insert(binarySection->end(), curTypeInst.begin(),
                        curTypeInst.end());
}

uint32_t EmitTypeHandler::getResultIdForType(const SpirvType *type,
                                             bool *alreadyExists) {
  assert(alreadyExists);
  auto foundType = emittedTypes.find(type);
  if (foundType != emittedTypes.end()) {
    *alreadyExists = true;
    return foundType->second;
  }

  *alreadyExists = false;
  const uint32_t id = takeNextIdFunction();
  emittedTypes[type] = id;
  return id;
}

uint32_t EmitTypeHandler::getOrCreateConstant(SpirvConstant *inst) {
  if (auto *constInt = dyn_cast<SpirvConstantInteger>(inst)) {
    return getOrCreateConstantInt(constInt->getValue(),
                                  constInt->getResultType(),
                                  inst->isSpecConstant(), inst);
  } else if (auto *constFloat = dyn_cast<SpirvConstantFloat>(inst)) {
    return getOrCreateConstantFloat(constFloat);
  } else if (auto *constComposite = dyn_cast<SpirvConstantComposite>(inst)) {
    return getOrCreateConstantComposite(constComposite);
  } else if (auto *constNull = dyn_cast<SpirvConstantNull>(inst)) {
    return getOrCreateConstantNull(constNull);
  } else if (auto *constBool = dyn_cast<SpirvConstantBoolean>(inst)) {
    return getOrCreateConstantBool(constBool);
  } else if (auto *constString = dyn_cast<SpirvConstantString>(inst)) {
    return getOrCreateConstantString(constString);
  } else if (auto *constUndef = dyn_cast<SpirvUndef>(inst)) {
    return getOrCreateUndef(constUndef);
  }

  llvm_unreachable("cannot emit unknown constant type");
}

uint32_t EmitTypeHandler::getOrCreateConstantBool(SpirvConstantBoolean *inst) {
  const auto index = static_cast<uint32_t>(inst->getValue());
  const bool isSpecConst = inst->isSpecConstant();

  // The values of special constants are not unique. We should not reuse their
  // values.
  if (!isSpecConst && emittedConstantBools[index]) {
    // Already emitted this constant value. Reuse.
    inst->setResultId(emittedConstantBools[index]->getResultId());
  } else if (isSpecConst && emittedSpecConstantInstructions.find(inst) !=
                                emittedSpecConstantInstructions.end()) {
    // We've already emitted this SpecConstant. Reuse.
    return inst->getResultId();
  } else {
    // Constant wasn't emitted in the past.
    const uint32_t typeId = emitType(inst->getResultType());
    initTypeInstruction(inst->getopcode());
    curTypeInst.push_back(typeId);
    curTypeInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
    // Remember this constant for the future (if not a spec constant)
    if (isSpecConst) {
      emittedSpecConstantInstructions.insert(inst);
    } else {
      emittedConstantBools[index] = inst;
    }
  }

  return inst->getResultId();
}

uint32_t EmitTypeHandler::getOrCreateConstantString(SpirvConstantString *inst) {
  const StringRef str = inst->getString();
  const bool isSpecConst = inst->isSpecConstant();

  if (!isSpecConst &&
      emittedConstantStrings.find(str) != emittedConstantStrings.end()) {
    // Already emitted this constant value. Reuse.
    inst->setResultId(emittedConstantStrings[str]->getResultId());
  } else if (isSpecConst && emittedSpecConstantInstructions.find(inst) !=
                                emittedSpecConstantInstructions.end()) {
    // We've already emitted this SpecConstant. Reuse.
    return inst->getResultId();
  } else {
    // Constant wasn't emitted in the past.
    const auto &words = string::encodeSPIRVString(inst->getString());
    initTypeInstruction(inst->getopcode());
    curTypeInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
    curTypeInst.insert(curTypeInst.end(), words.begin(), words.end());
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
    // Remember this constant for the future (if not a spec constant)
    if (isSpecConst) {
      emittedSpecConstantInstructions.insert(inst);
    } else {
      emittedConstantStrings[str] = inst;
    }
  }

  return inst->getResultId();
}

uint32_t EmitTypeHandler::getOrCreateConstantNull(SpirvConstantNull *inst) {
  auto found =
      std::find_if(emittedConstantNulls.begin(), emittedConstantNulls.end(),
                   [inst](SpirvConstantNull *cachedConstant) {
                     return *cachedConstant == *inst;
                   });

  if (found != emittedConstantNulls.end()) {
    // We have already emitted this constant. Reuse.
    inst->setResultId((*found)->getResultId());
  } else {
    // Constant wasn't emitted in the past.
    const uint32_t typeId = emitType(inst->getResultType());
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpConstantNull);
    curTypeInst.push_back(typeId);
    curTypeInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
    // Remember this constant for the future
    emittedConstantNulls.push_back(inst);
  }

  return inst->getResultId();
}

uint32_t EmitTypeHandler::getOrCreateUndef(SpirvUndef *inst) {
  auto canonicalType = inst->getAstResultType().getCanonicalType();
  auto found = std::find_if(
      emittedUndef.begin(), emittedUndef.end(),
      [canonicalType](SpirvUndef *cached) {
        return cached->getAstResultType().getCanonicalType() == canonicalType;
      });

  if (found != emittedUndef.end()) {
    // We have already emitted this constant. Reuse.
    inst->setResultId((*found)->getResultId());
    return inst->getResultId();
  }

  // Constant wasn't emitted in the past.
  const uint32_t typeId = emitType(inst->getResultType());
  initTypeInstruction(inst->getopcode());
  curTypeInst.push_back(typeId);
  curTypeInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
  finalizeTypeInstruction();
  // Remember this constant for the future
  emittedUndef.push_back(inst);
  return inst->getResultId();
}

uint32_t EmitTypeHandler::getOrCreateConstantFloat(SpirvConstantFloat *inst) {
  llvm::APFloat value = inst->getValue();
  const SpirvType *type = inst->getResultType();
  const bool isSpecConst = inst->isSpecConstant();

  assert(isa<FloatType>(type));
  const auto *floatType = dyn_cast<FloatType>(type);
  const auto typeBitwidth = floatType->getBitwidth();
  const auto valueBitwidth = llvm::APFloat::getSizeInBits(value.getSemantics());
  auto valueToUse = value;

  // If the type and the value have different widths, we need to convert the
  // value to the width of the type. Error out if the conversion is lossy.
  if (valueBitwidth != typeBitwidth) {
    bool losesInfo = false;
    const llvm::fltSemantics &targetSemantics =
        typeBitwidth == 16   ? llvm::APFloat::IEEEhalf
        : typeBitwidth == 32 ? llvm::APFloat::IEEEsingle
                             : llvm::APFloat::IEEEdouble;
    const auto status = valueToUse.convert(
        targetSemantics, llvm::APFloat::roundingMode::rmTowardZero, &losesInfo);
    if (status != llvm::APFloat::opStatus::opOK &&
        status != llvm::APFloat::opStatus::opInexact) {
      emitError(
          "evaluating float literal %0 at a lower bitwidth loses information",
          {})
          // Converting from 16bit to 32/64-bit won't lose information.
          // So only 32/64-bit values can reach here.
          << std::to_string(valueBitwidth == 32 ? valueToUse.convertToFloat()
                                                : valueToUse.convertToDouble());
      return 0;
    }
  }

  auto valueTypePair = std::pair<uint64_t, const SpirvType *>(
      valueToUse.bitcastToAPInt().getZExtValue(), type);

  // The values of special constants are not unique. We should not reuse their
  // values.
  if (!isSpecConst) {
    // If this constant has already been emitted, return its result-id.
    auto foundResultId = emittedConstantFloats.find(valueTypePair);
    if (foundResultId != emittedConstantFloats.end()) {
      const uint32_t existingConstantResultId = foundResultId->second;
      inst->setResultId(existingConstantResultId);
      return existingConstantResultId;
    }
  } else if (emittedSpecConstantInstructions.find(inst) !=
             emittedSpecConstantInstructions.end()) {
    // We've already emitted this SpecConstant. Reuse.
    return inst->getResultId();
  }

  // Start constructing the instruction
  const uint32_t typeId = emitType(type);
  initTypeInstruction(inst->getopcode());
  curTypeInst.push_back(typeId);
  const uint32_t constantResultId = getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst);
  curTypeInst.push_back(constantResultId);

  // Start constructing the value word / words

  if (typeBitwidth == 16) {
    // According to the SPIR-V Spec:
    // When the type's bit width is less than 32-bits, the literal's value
    // appears in the low-order bits of the word, and the high-order bits must
    // be 0 for a floating-point type.
    curTypeInst.push_back(
        static_cast<uint32_t>(valueToUse.bitcastToAPInt().getZExtValue()));
  } else if (typeBitwidth == 32) {
    curTypeInst.push_back(
        cast::BitwiseCast<uint32_t, float>(valueToUse.convertToFloat()));
  } else {
    // TODO: The ordering of the 2 words depends on the endian-ness of the
    // host machine.
    struct wideFloat {
      uint32_t word0;
      uint32_t word1;
    };
    wideFloat words =
        cast::BitwiseCast<wideFloat, double>(valueToUse.convertToDouble());
    curTypeInst.push_back(words.word0);
    curTypeInst.push_back(words.word1);
  }

  finalizeTypeInstruction();

  // Remember this constant for future (if not a SpecConstant)
  if (isSpecConst) {
    emittedSpecConstantInstructions.insert(inst);
  } else {
    emittedConstantFloats[valueTypePair] = constantResultId;
  }

  return constantResultId;
}

uint32_t
EmitTypeHandler::getOrCreateConstantInt(llvm::APInt value,
                                        const SpirvType *type, bool isSpecConst,
                                        SpirvInstruction *constantInstruction) {
  auto valueTypePair =
      std::pair<uint64_t, const SpirvType *>(value.getZExtValue(), type);

  // The values of special constants are not unique. We should not reuse their
  // values.
  if (!isSpecConst) {
    // If this constant has already been emitted, return its result-id.
    auto foundResultId = emittedConstantInts.find(valueTypePair);
    if (foundResultId != emittedConstantInts.end()) {
      const uint32_t existingConstantResultId = foundResultId->second;
      if (constantInstruction)
        constantInstruction->setResultId(existingConstantResultId);
      return existingConstantResultId;
    }
  } else if (emittedSpecConstantInstructions.find(constantInstruction) !=
             emittedSpecConstantInstructions.end()) {
    // We've already emitted this SpecConstant. Reuse.
    return constantInstruction->getResultId();
  }

  assert(isa<IntegerType>(type));
  const auto *intType = dyn_cast<IntegerType>(type);
  const auto bitwidth = intType->getBitwidth();
  const auto isSigned = intType->isSignedInt();

  // Start constructing the instruction
  const uint32_t typeId = emitType(type);
  initTypeInstruction(isSpecConst ? spv::Op::OpSpecConstant
                                  : spv::Op::OpConstant);
  curTypeInst.push_back(typeId);

  // Assign a result-id if one has not been provided.
  uint32_t constantResultId = 0;
  if (constantInstruction)
    constantResultId =
        getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(constantInstruction);
  else
    constantResultId = takeNextIdFunction();

  curTypeInst.push_back(constantResultId);

  // Start constructing the value word / words

  // For 16-bit and 32-bit cases, the value occupies 1 word in the instruction
  if (bitwidth == 16 || bitwidth == 32) {
    if (isSigned) {
      curTypeInst.push_back(static_cast<int32_t>(value.getSExtValue()));
    } else {
      curTypeInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(value.getZExtValue()));
    }
  }
  // 64-bit cases
  else {
    struct wideInt {
      uint32_t word0;
      uint32_t word1;
    };
    wideInt words;
    if (isSigned) {
      words = cast::BitwiseCast<wideInt, int64_t>(value.getSExtValue());
    } else {
      words = cast::BitwiseCast<wideInt, uint64_t>(value.getZExtValue());
    }
    curTypeInst.push_back(words.word0);
    curTypeInst.push_back(words.word1);
  }

  finalizeTypeInstruction();

  // Remember this constant for future
  if (isSpecConst) {
    emittedSpecConstantInstructions.insert(constantInstruction);
  } else {
    emittedConstantInts[valueTypePair] = constantResultId;
  }

  return constantResultId;
}

uint32_t
EmitTypeHandler::getOrCreateConstantComposite(SpirvConstantComposite *inst) {
  // First make sure all constituents have been visited and have a result-id.
  for (auto constituent : inst->getConstituents())
    getOrCreateConstant(constituent);

  // SpecConstant instructions are not unique, so we should not re-use existing
  // spec constants.
  const bool isSpecConst = inst->isSpecConstant();
  SpirvConstantComposite **found = nullptr;

  if (!isSpecConst) {
    found = std::find_if(
        emittedConstantComposites.begin(), emittedConstantComposites.end(),
        [inst](SpirvConstantComposite *cachedConstant) {
          if (inst->getopcode() != cachedConstant->getopcode())
            return false;
          auto instConstituents = inst->getConstituents();
          auto cachedConstituents = cachedConstant->getConstituents();
          if (instConstituents.size() != cachedConstituents.size())
            return false;
          for (size_t i = 0; i < instConstituents.size(); ++i)
            if (instConstituents[i]->getResultId() !=
                cachedConstituents[i]->getResultId())
              return false;
          return true;
        });
  } else if (emittedSpecConstantInstructions.find(inst) !=
             emittedSpecConstantInstructions.end()) {
    return inst->getResultId();
  }

  if (!isSpecConst && found != emittedConstantComposites.end()) {
    // We have already emitted this constant. Reuse.
    inst->setResultId((*found)->getResultId());
  } else if (isSpecConst && emittedSpecConstantInstructions.find(inst) !=
                                emittedSpecConstantInstructions.end()) {
    // We've already emitted this SpecConstant. Reuse.
    return inst->getResultId();
  } else {
    // Constant wasn't emitted in the past.
    const uint32_t typeId = emitType(inst->getResultType());
    initTypeInstruction(isSpecConst ? spv::Op::OpSpecConstantComposite
                                    : spv::Op::OpConstantComposite);
    curTypeInst.push_back(typeId);
    curTypeInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(inst));
    for (auto constituent : inst->getConstituents())
      curTypeInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId<SpirvInstruction>(constituent));
    finalizeTypeInstruction();

    // Remember this constant for the future
    if (isSpecConst) {
      emittedSpecConstantInstructions.insert(inst);
    } else {
      emittedConstantComposites.push_back(inst);
    }
  }

  return inst->getResultId();
}

static inline bool
isFieldMergeWithPrevious(const StructType::FieldInfo &previous,
                         const StructType::FieldInfo &field) {
  if (previous.fieldIndex == field.fieldIndex) {
    // Right now, the only reason for those indices to be shared is if both
    // are merged bitfields.
    assert(previous.bitfield.hasValue() && field.bitfield.hasValue());
  }
  return previous.fieldIndex == field.fieldIndex;
}

uint32_t EmitTypeHandler::emitType(const SpirvType *type) {
  // First get the decorations that would apply to this type.
  bool alreadyExists = false;
  const uint32_t id = getResultIdForType(type, &alreadyExists);

  // If the type has already been emitted, we just need to return its
  // <result-id>.
  if (alreadyExists)
    return id;

  // Emit OpName for the type (if any).
  emitNameForType(type->getName(), id);

  if (isa<VoidType>(type)) {
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeVoid);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
  }
  // Boolean types
  else if (isa<BoolType>(type)) {
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeBool);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
  }
  // Integer types
  else if (const auto *intType = dyn_cast<IntegerType>(type)) {
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeInt);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    curTypeInst.push_back(intType->getBitwidth());
    curTypeInst.push_back(intType->isSignedInt() ? 1 : 0);
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
  }
  // Float types
  else if (const auto *floatType = dyn_cast<FloatType>(type)) {
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeFloat);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    curTypeInst.push_back(floatType->getBitwidth());
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
  }
  // Vector types
  else if (const auto *vecType = dyn_cast<VectorType>(type)) {
    const uint32_t elementTypeId = emitType(vecType->getElementType());
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeVector);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    curTypeInst.push_back(elementTypeId);
    curTypeInst.push_back(vecType->getElementCount());
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
  }
  // Matrix types
  else if (const auto *matType = dyn_cast<MatrixType>(type)) {
    const uint32_t vecTypeId = emitType(matType->getVecType());
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeMatrix);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    curTypeInst.push_back(vecTypeId);
    curTypeInst.push_back(matType->getVecCount());
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
    // Note that RowMajor and ColMajor decorations only apply to structure
    // members, and should not be handled here.
  }
  // Image types
  else if (const auto *imageType = dyn_cast<ImageType>(type)) {
    const uint32_t sampledTypeId = emitType(imageType->getSampledType());
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeImage);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    curTypeInst.push_back(sampledTypeId);
    curTypeInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(imageType->getDimension()));
    curTypeInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(imageType->getDepth()));
    curTypeInst.push_back(imageType->isArrayedImage() ? 1 : 0);
    curTypeInst.push_back(imageType->isMSImage() ? 1 : 0);
    curTypeInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(imageType->withSampler()));
    curTypeInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(imageType->getImageFormat()));
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
  }
  // UntypedPointerKHR types
  else if (const auto *untypedPtrType = dyn_cast<UntypedPointerKHRType>(type)) {
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeUntypedPointerKHR);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    curTypeInst.push_back(
        static_cast<uint32_t>(untypedPtrType->getStorageClass()));
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
  }
  // BufferEXT types
  else if (const auto *bufferExtType = dyn_cast<BufferEXTType>(type)) {
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeBufferEXT);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    curTypeInst.push_back(
        static_cast<uint32_t>(bufferExtType->getStorageClass()));
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
  }
  // Sampler types
  else if (isa<SamplerType>(type)) {
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeSampler);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
  }
  // SampledImage types
  else if (const auto *sampledImageType = dyn_cast<SampledImageType>(type)) {
    const uint32_t imageTypeId = emitType(sampledImageType->getImageType());
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeSampledImage);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    curTypeInst.push_back(imageTypeId);
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
  }
  // Array types
  else if (const auto *arrayType = dyn_cast<ArrayType>(type)) {
    // Emit the OpConstant instruction that is needed to get the result-id for
    // the array length.
    const auto length = getOrCreateConstantInt(
        llvm::APInt(32, arrayType->getElementCount()), context.getUIntType(32),
        /* isSpecConst */ false);

    // Emit the OpTypeArray instruction
    const uint32_t elemTypeId = emitType(arrayType->getElementType());
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeArray);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    curTypeInst.push_back(elemTypeId);
    curTypeInst.push_back(length);
    finalizeTypeInstruction();

    auto stride = arrayType->getStride();
    if (stride.hasValue())
      emitDecoration(id, spv::Decoration::ArrayStride, {stride.getValue()});
  }
  // RuntimeArray types
  else if (const auto *raType = dyn_cast<RuntimeArrayType>(type)) {
    const uint32_t elemTypeId = emitType(raType->getElementType());
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeRuntimeArray);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    curTypeInst.push_back(elemTypeId);
    finalizeTypeInstruction();

    auto stride = raType->getStride();
    if (stride.hasValue())
      emitDecoration(id, spv::Decoration::ArrayStride, {stride.getValue()});
  }
  // NodePayloadArray types
  else if (const auto *npaType = dyn_cast<NodePayloadArrayType>(type)) {
    const uint32_t elemTypeId = emitType(npaType->getElementType());

    // Output the decorations for the type first. This will create other values
    // that are on the decorations, and they must appear before the type.
    emitDecorationsForNodePayloadArrayTypes(npaType, id);

    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeNodePayloadArrayAMDX);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    curTypeInst.push_back(elemTypeId);
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
  }
  // Structure types
  else if (const auto *structType = dyn_cast<StructType>(type)) {
    std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<const StructType::FieldInfo>>
        fieldsToGenerate;
    {
      llvm::ArrayRef<StructType::FieldInfo> fields = structType->getFields();
      for (size_t i = 0; i < fields.size(); ++i) {
        if (i > 0 && isFieldMergeWithPrevious(fields[i - 1], fields[i]))
          continue;
        fieldsToGenerate.push_back(std::ref(fields[i]));
      }
    }

    if (const auto recordDecl = dyn_cast_or_null<RecordDecl>(
            context.getStructDeclForSpirvType(structType))) {
      auto index = context.getDispatchGridIndex(recordDecl);
      if (index.hasValue()) {
        emitDecoration(id, spv::Decoration::PayloadDispatchIndirectAMDX, {},
                       index);
      }
    }

    // Emit OpMemberName for the struct members.
    for (size_t i = 0; i < fieldsToGenerate.size(); ++i)
      emitNameForType(fieldsToGenerate[i].get().name, id, i);

    llvm::SmallVector<uint32_t, 4> fieldTypeIds;
    for (auto &field : fieldsToGenerate)
      fieldTypeIds.push_back(emitType(field.get().type));

    for (size_t i = 0; i < fieldsToGenerate.size(); ++i) {
      const auto &field = fieldsToGenerate[i].get();
      // Offset decorations
      if (field.offset.hasValue()) {
        emitDecoration(id, spv::Decoration::Offset, {field.offset.getValue()},
                       i);
      }

      // MatrixStride decorations
      if (field.matrixStride.hasValue())
        emitDecoration(id, spv::Decoration::MatrixStride,
                       {field.matrixStride.getValue()}, i);

      // RowMajor/ColMajor decorations
      if (field.isRowMajor.hasValue())
        emitDecoration(id,
                       field.isRowMajor.getValue() ? spv::Decoration::RowMajor
                                                   : spv::Decoration::ColMajor,
                       {}, i);

      // RelaxedPrecision decorations
      if (field.isRelaxedPrecision)
        emitDecoration(id, spv::Decoration::RelaxedPrecision, {}, i);

      // NonWritable decorations
      if (structType->isReadOnly())
        emitDecoration(id, spv::Decoration::NonWritable, {}, i);

      if (field.attributes.hasValue()) {
        for (auto &attr : field.attributes.getValue()) {
          if (auto decorateExtAttr = dyn_cast<VKDecorateExtAttr>(attr)) {
            emitDecoration(
                id,
                static_cast<spv::Decoration>(decorateExtAttr->getDecorate()),
                {decorateExtAttr->literals_begin(),
                 decorateExtAttr->literals_end()},
                i);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    // Emit Block or BufferBlock decorations if necessary.
    auto interfaceType = structType->getInterfaceType();
    if (interfaceType == StructInterfaceType::StorageBuffer)
      // The BufferBlock decoration requires SPIR-V version 1.3 or earlier.
      emitDecoration(id,
                     featureManager.isTargetEnvSpirv1p4OrAbove()
                         ? spv::Decoration::Block
                         : spv::Decoration::BufferBlock,
                     {});
    else if (interfaceType == StructInterfaceType::UniformBuffer)
      emitDecoration(id, spv::Decoration::Block, {});

    // Emit NodeTrackRWInputSharing decoration if attribute is present.
    const auto *structDecl = dyn_cast_or_null<RecordDecl>(
        context.getStructDeclForSpirvType(structType));
    if (structDecl && structDecl->hasAttr<HLSLNodeTrackRWInputSharingAttr>()) {
      emitDecoration(id, spv::Decoration::TrackFinishWritingAMDX, {});
    }

    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeStruct);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    for (auto fieldTypeId : fieldTypeIds)
      curTypeInst.push_back(fieldTypeId);
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
  }
  // Pointer types
  else if (const auto *ptrType = dyn_cast<SpirvPointerType>(type)) {
    const uint32_t pointeeType = emitType(ptrType->getPointeeType());
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypePointer);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    curTypeInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(ptrType->getStorageClass()));
    curTypeInst.push_back(pointeeType);
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
  }
  // Forward pointer types
  else if (const auto *fwdPtrType = dyn_cast<ForwardPointerType>(type)) {
    const SpirvPointerType *ptrType =
        context.getForwardReference(fwdPtrType->getPointeeType());
    const uint32_t refId = emitType(ptrType);
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeForwardPointer);
    curTypeInst.push_back(refId);
    curTypeInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(ptrType->getStorageClass()));
    finalizeTypeInstruction(true);
    return refId;
  }
  // Function types
  else if (const auto *fnType = dyn_cast<FunctionType>(type)) {
    const uint32_t retTypeId = emitType(fnType->getReturnType());
    llvm::SmallVector<uint32_t, 4> paramTypeIds;
    for (auto *paramType : fnType->getParamTypes())
      paramTypeIds.push_back(emitType(paramType));

    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeFunction);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    curTypeInst.push_back(retTypeId);
    for (auto paramTypeId : paramTypeIds)
      curTypeInst.push_back(paramTypeId);
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
  }
  // Acceleration Structure NV type
  else if (isa<AccelerationStructureTypeNV>(type)) {
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeAccelerationStructureNV);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
  }
  // RayQueryType KHR type
  else if (isa<RayQueryTypeKHR>(type)) {
    initTypeInstruction(spv::Op::OpTypeRayQueryKHR);
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
  } else if (const auto *spvIntrinsicType =
                 dyn_cast<SpirvIntrinsicType>(type)) {
    initTypeInstruction(static_cast<spv::Op>(spvIntrinsicType->getOpCode()));
    curTypeInst.push_back(id);
    for (const SpvIntrinsicTypeOperand &operand :
         spvIntrinsicType->getOperands()) {
      if (operand.isTypeOperand) {
        // calling emitType recursively will potentially replace the contents of
        // curTypeInst, so we need to save them and restore after the call
        std::vector<uint32_t> outerTypeInst = curTypeInst;
        outerTypeInst.push_back(emitType(operand.operand_as_type));
        curTypeInst = outerTypeInst;
      } else {
        auto *literal = dyn_cast<SpirvConstant>(operand.operand_as_inst);
        if (literal && literal->isLiteral()) {
          emitLiteral(literal, curTypeInst);
        } else {
          curTypeInst.push_back(getOrAssignResultId(operand.operand_as_inst));
        }
      }
    }
    finalizeTypeInstruction();
  }
  // Hybrid Types
  // Note: The type lowering pass should lower all types to SpirvTypes.
  // Therefore, if we find a hybrid type when going through the emitting pass,
  // that is clearly a bug.
  else if (isa<HybridType>(type)) {
    llvm_unreachable("found hybrid type when emitting SPIR-V");
  }
  // Unhandled types
  else {
    llvm_unreachable("unhandled type in emitType");
  }

  return id;
}

template <typename vecType>
void EmitTypeHandler::emitIntLiteral(const SpirvConstantInteger *intLiteral,
                                     vecType &outInst) {
  const auto &literalVal = intLiteral->getValue();
  emitIntLiteral(literalVal, outInst);
}

template <typename vecType>
void EmitTypeHandler::emitIntLiteral(const llvm::APInt &literalVal,
                                     vecType &outInst) {
  bool positive = !literalVal.isNegative();
  if (literalVal.getBitWidth() <= 32) {
    outInst.push_back(positive ? literalVal.getZExtValue()
                               : literalVal.getSExtValue());
  } else {
    assert(literalVal.getBitWidth() == 64);
    uint64_t val =
        positive ? literalVal.getZExtValue() : literalVal.getSExtValue();
    outInst.push_back(static_cast<unsigned>(val));
    outInst.push_back(static_cast<unsigned>(val >> 32));
  }
}

template <typename vecType>
void EmitTypeHandler::emitFloatLiteral(const SpirvConstantFloat *fLiteral,
                                       vecType &outInst) {
  const auto &literalVal = fLiteral->getValue();
  const auto bitwidth = llvm::APFloat::getSizeInBits(literalVal.getSemantics());
  if (bitwidth <= 32) {
    outInst.push_back(literalVal.bitcastToAPInt().getZExtValue());
  } else {
    assert(bitwidth == 64);
    uint64_t val = literalVal.bitcastToAPInt().getZExtValue();
    outInst.push_back(static_cast<unsigned>(val));
    outInst.push_back(static_cast<unsigned>(val >> 32));
  }
}

template <typename VecType>
void EmitTypeHandler::emitLiteral(const SpirvConstant *literal,
                                  VecType &outInst) {
  if (auto boolLiteral = dyn_cast<SpirvConstantBoolean>(literal)) {
    outInst.push_back(static_cast<unsigned>(boolLiteral->getValue()));
  } else if (auto intLiteral = dyn_cast<SpirvConstantInteger>(literal)) {
    emitIntLiteral(intLiteral, outInst);
  } else if (auto fLiteral = dyn_cast<SpirvConstantFloat>(literal)) {
    emitFloatLiteral(fLiteral, outInst);
  }
}

void EmitTypeHandler::emitDecoration(uint32_t typeResultId,
                                     spv::Decoration decoration,
                                     llvm::ArrayRef<uint32_t> decorationParams,
                                     llvm::Optional<uint32_t> memberIndex,
                                     bool usesIdParams) {
  spv::Op op =
      memberIndex.hasValue() ? spv::Op::OpMemberDecorate : spv::Op::OpDecorate;
  if (decoration == spv::Decoration::UserTypeGOOGLE) {
    op = memberIndex.hasValue() ? spv::Op::OpMemberDecorateString
                                : spv::Op::OpDecorateString;
  }
  if (usesIdParams) {
    op = spv::Op::OpDecorateId;
  }

  assert(curDecorationInst.empty());
  curDecorationInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(op));
  curDecorationInst.push_back(typeResultId);
  if (memberIndex.hasValue())
    curDecorationInst.push_back(memberIndex.getValue());
  curDecorationInst.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(decoration));
  for (auto param : decorationParams)
    curDecorationInst.push_back(param);
  curDecorationInst[0] |= static_cast<uint32_t>(curDecorationInst.size()) << 16;

  // Add to the full annotations list
  annotationsBinary->insert(annotationsBinary->end(), curDecorationInst.begin(),
                            curDecorationInst.end());
  curDecorationInst.clear();
}

void EmitTypeHandler::emitNameForType(llvm::StringRef name,
                                      uint32_t targetTypeId,
                                      llvm::Optional<uint32_t> memberIndex) {
  if (name.empty())
    return;
  std::vector<uint32_t> nameInstr;
  auto op = memberIndex.hasValue() ? spv::Op::OpMemberName : spv::Op::OpName;
  nameInstr.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(op));
  nameInstr.push_back(targetTypeId);
  if (memberIndex.hasValue())
    nameInstr.push_back(memberIndex.getValue());
  const auto &words = string::encodeSPIRVString(name);
  nameInstr.insert(nameInstr.end(), words.begin(), words.end());
  nameInstr[0] |= static_cast<uint32_t>(nameInstr.size()) << 16;
  debugVariableBinary->insert(debugVariableBinary->end(), nameInstr.begin(),
                              nameInstr.end());
}

void EmitTypeHandler::emitDecorationsForNodePayloadArrayTypes(
    const NodePayloadArrayType *npaType, uint32_t id) {
  // Emit decorations
  const ParmVarDecl *nodeDecl = npaType->getNodeDecl();
  if (hlsl::IsHLSLNodeOutputType(nodeDecl->getType())) {
    StringRef name = nodeDecl->getName();
    unsigned index = 0;
    if (auto nodeID = nodeDecl->getAttr<HLSLNodeIdAttr>()) {
      name = nodeID->getName();
      index = nodeID->getArrayIndex();
    }

    auto *str = new (context) SpirvConstantString(name);
    uint32_t nodeName = getOrCreateConstantString(str);
    emitDecoration(id, spv::Decoration::PayloadNodeNameAMDX, {nodeName},
                   llvm::None, true);
    if (index) {
      uint32_t baseIndex = getOrCreateConstantInt(
          llvm::APInt(32, index), context.getUIntType(32), false);
      emitDecoration(id, spv::Decoration::PayloadNodeBaseIndexAMDX, {baseIndex},
                     llvm::None, true);
    }
  }

  uint32_t maxRecords;
  if (const auto *attr = nodeDecl->getAttr<HLSLMaxRecordsAttr>()) {
    maxRecords = getOrCreateConstantInt(llvm::APInt(32, attr->getMaxCount()),
                                        context.getUIntType(32), false);
  } else {
    maxRecords = getOrCreateConstantInt(llvm::APInt(32, 1),
                                        context.getUIntType(32), false);
  }
  emitDecoration(id, spv::Decoration::NodeMaxPayloadsAMDX, {maxRecords},
                 llvm::None, true);

  if (const auto *attr = nodeDecl->getAttr<HLSLMaxRecordsSharedWithAttr>()) {
    const DeclContext *dc = nodeDecl->getParentFunctionOrMethod();
    if (const auto *funDecl = dyn_cast_or_null<FunctionDecl>(dc)) {
      IdentifierInfo *ii = attr->getName();
      bool alreadyExists = false;
      for (auto *paramDecl : funDecl->params()) {
        if (paramDecl->getIdentifier() == ii) {
          assert(paramDecl != nodeDecl);
          auto otherType = context.getNodeDeclPayloadType(paramDecl);
          const uint32_t otherId =
              getResultIdForType(otherType, &alreadyExists);
          assert(alreadyExists && "forward references not allowed in "
                                  "MaxRecordsSharedWith attribute");
          emitDecoration(id, spv::Decoration::NodeSharesPayloadLimitsWithAMDX,
                         {otherId}, llvm::None, true);
          break;
        }
      }
      assert(alreadyExists &&
             "invalid reference in MaxRecordsSharedWith attribute");
    }
  }
  if (const auto *attr = nodeDecl->getAttr<HLSLAllowSparseNodesAttr>()) {
    emitDecoration(id, spv::Decoration::PayloadNodeSparseArrayAMDX, {},
                   llvm::None);
  }
  if (const auto *attr = nodeDecl->getAttr<HLSLUnboundedSparseNodesAttr>()) {
    emitDecoration(id, spv::Decoration::PayloadNodeSparseArrayAMDX, {},
                   llvm::None);
  }
  if (const auto *attr = nodeDecl->getAttr<HLSLNodeArraySizeAttr>()) {
    uint32_t arraySize = getOrCreateConstantInt(
        llvm::APInt(32, attr->getCount()), context.getUIntType(32), false);
    emitDecoration(id, spv::Decoration::PayloadNodeArraySizeAMDX, {arraySize},
                   llvm::None, true);
  }
}

} // end namespace spirv
} // end namespace clang