Implemented custom exceptions (#317)

# Purpose
Implemented a custom list of exceptions to catch our own exceptions and
handle them appropriately in specific manners depending on the type.
Task:
https://www.notion.so/uworbital/Create-custom-exceptions-1918a26d7677803dab4ce576a11a5ebb?pvs=4

# New Changes
Created a custom list of exceptions that all inherit from a
BaseOrbitalException class

# Testing
N/A

# Outstanding Changes
N/A

Author: FxJYg

gs/backend/exceptions/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+class BaseOrbitalError(Exception):
+    """
+    @brief Base class for all orbital-related exceptions
+    @attribute message (str) - Custom error message providing additional context
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.message = message
+
+
+class ServiceError(BaseOrbitalError):
+    """
+    @brief Exception related to general service errors
+    @attribute message (str) - Service exception message
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = "Service exception") -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class NotFoundError(ServiceError):
+    """
+    @brief Exception raised when an item is not found
+    @attribute message (str) - Item not found message
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = "Item not found") -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class InvalidArgumentError(BaseOrbitalError):
+    """
+    @brief Exception raised when an invalid argument is provided
+    @attribute message (str) - Invalid argument message
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = "The argument provided was invalid") -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class InvalidStateError(BaseOrbitalError):
+    """
+    @brief Exception raised when an operation is performed in an invalid state
+    @attribute message (str) - Invalid state message
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = "Invalid state") -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class DatabaseError(BaseOrbitalError):
+    """
+    @brief Exception raised for database-related errors
+    @attribute message (str) - Database error message
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = "There was a database error") -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class UnauthorizedError(BaseOrbitalError):
+    """
+    @brief Exception raised when a user is not authorized to perform an action
+    @attribute message (str) - Unauthorized error message
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = "The current user is not authorized to perform this action") -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class UnknownError(BaseOrbitalError):
+    """
+    @brief Exception raised for unexpected errors
+    @attribute message (str) - Unknown error message
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = "An unexpected error occurred") -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class SunPositionError(BaseOrbitalError):
+    """
+    @brief Exception raised when an error occurs in sun position data generation
+    @attribute message (str) - Sun position error message
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str = "There was an error when trying to generate the sun position data") -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)