feat: add standard library async integration demo

- Implement StdAsyncIntegrationManager using std::async and std::future
- Add DataAnalyzer, TrajectorySaver, and ParameterOptimizer components
- Fix Windows encoding issues with NOMINMAX and SetConsoleOutputCP
- Demonstrate async ODE integration with post-processing tasks
- Show how to avoid reinventing async infrastructure using standard library

Author: WenyinWei