references.bib

@article{asselmannBabyBlissLongitudinal2023,
  title = {Baby Bliss: {{Longitudinal}} Evidence for Set-Point Theory around Childbirth for Cognitive and Affective Well-Being: {{Emotion}}},
  shorttitle = {Baby Bliss},
  author = {Asselmann, Eva and Specht, Jule},
  year = {2023},
  month = oct,
  journal = {Emotion},
  volume = {23},
  number = {7},
  pages = {2013--2023},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  issn = {1528-3542},
  doi = {10.1037/emo0001217.supp},
  urldate = {2024-03-12},
  abstract = {Background: Becoming a parent relates not only to joy but also to new challenges. Consistent with set-point theory, previous research found that life satisfaction increased around childbirth but decreased back to baseline in the following years. However, it remains unresolved whether individual facets of affective well-being show lasting or temporary changes around childbirth. Method: In 5,532 first-time parents from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), we tested how life satisfaction, happiness, sadness, anxiety, and anger changed in the five years before and five years after becoming a parent. Results: Parents experienced a large increase in life satisfaction and happiness in the years surrounding the birth of their first child. This increase was most pronounced in the first year of parenthood. Sadness and anger decreased in the years before childbirth, reached their lowest point in the first year of parenthood, and increased in the following years. Anxiety slightly increased in the five years before childbirth but was lower thereafter. Most well-being changes bounced back in the long run, resulting in comparable well-being levels five years after versus five years before becoming a parent. Conclusions: These findings suggest that set-point theory also applies to different facets of affective well-being across the transition to parenthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)},
  keywords = {Anger,Anxiety,Birth,childbirth,Happiness,Human Sex Differences,Life Satisfaction,mental health,Mental Health,parenthood,Parenthood Status,Postnatal Period,postpartum,pregnancy,Pregnancy,Well Being},
  file = {/Users/alp/Zotero/storage/R9UU6ELD/Asselmann and Specht - 2023 - Baby bliss Longitudinal evidence for set-point th.pdf}
}

@article{asselmannChangesHappinessSadness2023,
  title = {Changes in Happiness, Sadness, Anxiety, and Anger around Romantic Relationship Events: {{Emotion}}},
  shorttitle = {Changes in Happiness, Sadness, Anxiety, and Anger around Romantic Relationship Events},
  author = {Asselmann, Eva and Specht, Jule},
  year = {2023},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Emotion},
  volume = {23},
  number = {4},
  pages = {986--996},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  issn = {1528-3542},
  doi = {10.1037/emo0001153.supp},
  urldate = {2024-03-12},
  abstract = {Most people agree that romantic relationships greatly affect how we feel. For example, we typically feel happier when getting married but sadder when breaking up. However, previous research primarily focused on changes in cognitive but less so affective well-being around positive and negative relationship events. Set-point theory suggests that subjective well-being might change shortly around such experiences but bounce back in the long run. Using data from the Socio-Economic Panel study (SOEP), we examined changes in life satisfaction, happiness, sadness, anxiety, and anger in the 5 years before and 5 years after moving in with a partner (N = 4,399), marriage (N = 3,731), separation (N = 3,538), and divorce (N = 1,103). Life satisfaction and happiness increased slightly in the years before moving in and marriage. For marriage, these effects were short-lived and diminished after 1 year. Separation and divorce were associated with much larger well-being impairments (especially a strong increase of sadness) that were most pronounced shortly before and after the event and attenuated in the following years. Changes in anxiety and anger were much smaller. Our findings suggest that romantic relationship events not only relate to substantial changes in life satisfaction but also affective well-being. These changes vary for different well-being facets, are most pronounced for happiness and sadness at the time of the event, and bounce back in the long run. As one of the first studies, we demonstrate that set-point theory not only applies to cognitive but also affective well-being around romantic relationship events. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)},
  keywords = {Anger,Anxiety,cohabitation,Cohabitation,divorce,Happiness,Interpersonal Relationships,marriage,Marriage,Romance,Sadness,separation,Well Being,well-being},
  file = {/Users/alp/Zotero/storage/KMZ7JWZ4/Asselmann and Specht - 2023 - Changes in happiness, sadness, anxiety, and anger .pdf}
}

@article{baumeisterBadStrongerGood2001,
  title = {Bad Is {{Stronger}} than {{Good}}},
  author = {Baumeister, Roy F. and Bratslavsky, Ellen and Finkenauer, Catrin and Vohs, Kathleen D.},
  year = {2001},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Review of General Psychology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {323--370},
  issn = {1089-2680, 1939-1552},
  doi = {10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.323},
  urldate = {2023-06-22},
  abstract = {The greater power of bad events over good ones is found in everyday events, major life events (e.g., trauma), close relationship outcomes, social network patterns, interpersonal interactions, and learning processes. Bad emotions, bad parents, and bad feedback have more impact than good ones, and bad information is processed more thoroughly than good. The self is more motivated to avoid bad self-definitions than to pursue good ones. Bad impressions and bad stereotypes are quicker to form and more resistant to disconfirmation than good ones. Various explanations such as diagnosticity and salience help explain some findings, but the greater power of bad events is still found when such variables are controlled. Hardly any exceptions (indicating greater power of good) can be found. Taken together, these findings suggest that bad is stronger than good, as a general principle across a broad range of psychological phenomena.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/alp/Zotero/storage/TJVPQRCN/Baumeister et al. - 2001 - Bad is Stronger than Good.pdf}
}

@incollection{brickman1971adaptation,
  title = {Adaptation Level Theory: {{A}} Symposium},
  booktitle = {Hedonic Relativism and Planning the Good Society},
  author = {Brickman, Philip and Campbell, Donald T and Appley, Mortimer H},
  year = {1971},
  pages = {287--305}
}

@article{brickmanLotteryWinnersAccident,
  title = {Lottery {{Winners}} and {{Accident Victims}}: {{Is Happiness Relative}}?},
  author = {Brickman, Philip and Coates, Dan and {Janoff-Bulman}, Ronnie},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/alp/Zotero/storage/3GM7KEME/Brickman et al. - Lottery Winners and Accident Victims Is Happiness.pdf}
}

@book{cronbach1982designing,
  title = {Designing Evaluations of Educational and Social Programs},
  author = {Cronbach, Lee J and Shapiro, Karen},
  year = {1982},
  publisher = {Jossey-Bass,}
}

@incollection{cumminsMotivationMaintainSubjective2004,
  title = {The {{Motivation}} to {{Maintain Subjective Well-Being}}: {{A Homeostatic Model}}},
  shorttitle = {The {{Motivation}} to {{Maintain Subjective Well-Being}}},
  booktitle = {International {{Review}} of {{Research}} in {{Mental Retardation}}},
  author = {Cummins, Robert A and Lau, Anna L.D},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {255--301},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  doi = {10.1016/S0074-7750(04)28008-9},
  urldate = {2024-03-09},
  isbn = {978-0-12-366228-6},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{czaikaMigrationAspirationsAre2014,
  title = {Migration and Aspirations -- Are Migrants Trapped on a Hedonic Treadmill?},
  author = {Czaika, Mathias and Vothknecht, Marc},
  year = {2014},
  month = jan,
  journal = {IZA Journal of Migration},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1},
  issn = {2193-9039},
  doi = {10.1186/2193-9039-3-1},
  urldate = {2024-03-16},
  abstract = {Based on longitudinal information from two waves of the Indonesian Family and LifeSurvey (IFLS) in 2000 and 2007, we find evidence that migrants are self-selectedalong higher individual aspirations acquired (or, inherited) beforemigration. About 70 per cent of aspiration differentials can be explained by factorssuch as young age, good education, or superior socio-economic background, while theresidual seems to be linked to an individual pre-disposition for higher aspirations.However, despite the fact that migration is economically beneficial for mostmigrants, the migration experience itself seems to further increase economicaspirations, hereby trapping migrants on a `hedonic treadmill'.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Aspirations,Indonesia,Internal migration,Migration behaviour},
  file = {/Users/alp/Zotero/storage/Z8G7IQPF/Czaika and Vothknecht - 2014 - Migration and aspirations – are migrants trapped o.pdf}
}

@article{dienerHedonicTreadmillRevising2006a,
  title = {Beyond the Hedonic Treadmill: {{Revising}} the Adaptation Theory of Well-Being: {{American Psychologist}}},
  shorttitle = {Beyond the Hedonic Treadmill},
  author = {Diener, Ed and Lucas, Richard E. and Scollon, Christie Napa},
  year = {2006},
  month = may,
  journal = {American Psychologist},
  volume = {61},
  number = {4},
  pages = {305--314},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  issn = {0003-066X},
  doi = {10.1037/0003-066X.61.4.305},
  urldate = {2024-03-10},
  abstract = {According to the hedonic treadmill model, good and bad events temporarily affect happiness, but people quickly adapt back to hedonic neutrality. The theory, which has gained widespread acceptance in recent years, implies that individual and societal efforts to increase happiness are doomed to failure. The recent empirical work outlined here indicates that 5 important revisions to the treadmill model are needed. First, individuals' set points are not hedonically neutral. Second, people have different set points, which are partly dependent on their temperaments. Third, a single person may have multiple happiness set points: Different components of well-being such as pleasant emotions, unpleasant emotions, and life satisfaction can move in different directions. Fourth, and perhaps most important, well-being set points can change under some conditions. Finally, individuals differ in their adaptation to events, with some individuals changing their set point and others not changing in reaction to some external event. These revisions offer hope for psychologists and policy-makers who aim to decrease human misery and increase happiness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)},
  keywords = {adaptation,Adaptation Psychological,coping,Coping Behavior,Emotional Adjustment,happiness,Happiness,hedonic treadmill model,Humans,life satisfaction,Life Satisfaction,Personality Theory,Psychological Theories,Psychological Theory,Quality of Life,subjective well-being,Well Being},
  file = {/Users/alp/Zotero/storage/ERB5C8DD/Diener et al. - 2006 - Beyond the hedonic treadmill Revising the adaptat.pdf}
}

@article{dienerMultifacetedNatureHappiness,
  title = {The Multifaceted Nature of Happiness},
  author = {Diener, Ed and Scollon, Christie Napa and Lucas, Richard E},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/alp/Zotero/storage/SB3YTIUI/Diener et al. - the multifaceted nature of happiness.pdf}
}

@article{dienerSubjectiveWellbeing1984,
  title = {Subjective Well-Being.},
  author = {Diener, Ed},
  year = {1984},
  journal = {Psychological Bulletin},
  volume = {95},
  number = {3},
  pages = {542--575},
  issn = {1939-1455, 0033-2909},
  doi = {10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542},
  urldate = {2024-03-12},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/alp/Zotero/storage/IP3Q9S3Q/Diener - 1984 - Subjective well-being..pdf}
}

@incollection{dienerWillMoneyIncrease2009,
  title = {Will {{Money Increase Subjective Well-Being}}?: {{A Literature Review}} and {{Guide}} to {{Needed Research}}},
  shorttitle = {Will {{Money Increase Subjective Well-Being}}?},
  booktitle = {The {{Science}} of {{Well-Being}}},
  author = {Diener, Ed and {Biswas-Diener}, Robert},
  editor = {Michalos, Alex C. and Diener, Ed},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {37},
  pages = {119--154},
  publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  doi = {10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6_6},
  urldate = {2024-03-10},
  abstract = {Four replicable findings have emerged regarding the relation between income and subjective well-being (SWB): 1. There are large correlations between the wealth of nations and the mean reports of SWB in them, 2. There are mostly small correlations between income and SWB within nations, although these correlations appear to be larger in poor nations, and the risk of unhappiness is much higher for poor people, 3. Economic growth in the last decades in most economically developed societies has been accompanied by little rise in SWB, and increases in individual income lead to variable outcomes, and 4. People who prize material goals more than other values tend to be substantially less happy, unless they are rich. Thus, more money may enhance SWB when it means avoiding poverty and living in a developed nation, but income appears to increase SWB little over the long-term when more of it is gained by well-off individuals whose material desires rise with their incomes. Several major theories are compatible with most existing findings: A. The idea that income enhances SWB only insofar as it helps people meet their basic needs, and B. The idea that the relation between income and SWB depends on the amount of material desires that people's income allows them to fulfill. We argue that the first explanation is a special case of the second one. A third explanation is relatively unresearched, the idea that societal norms for production and consumption are essential to understanding the SWB-income interface. In addition, it appears high SWB might increase people's chances for high income. We review the open issues relating income to SWB, and describe the research methods needed to provide improved data that will better illuminate the psychological processes relating money to SWB.},
  isbn = {978-90-481-2349-0 978-90-481-2350-6},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/alp/Zotero/storage/G2SE3MNL/Diener and Biswas-Diener - 2009 - Will Money Increase Subjective Well-Being A Lite.pdf}
}

@misc{HappinessStochasticPhenomenon,
  title = {Happiness {{Is}} a {{Stochastic Phenomenon}}},
  issn = {1467-9280},
  urldate = {2024-03-10},
  howpublished = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00355.x},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/alp/Zotero/storage/HE6XY875/Happiness Is a Stochastic Phenomenon.pdf;/Users/alp/Zotero/storage/X8YIUVUM/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00355.html}
}

@book{helsonAdaptationlevelTheoryExperimental1964,
  title = {Adaptation-Level Theory: An Experimental and Systematic Approach to Behavior.},
  author = {Helson, Harry},
  year = {1964},
  series = {Adaptation-Level Theory: An Experimental and Systematic Approach to Behavior.},
  publisher = {New York},
  address = {Harper and Row},
  abstract = {Explores the relevance of the concept of adaptation level to a number of areas of psychology, with special reference to motivation, where it has been incorporated into a number of current theories.  Harvard Book List (edited) 1971 \#364 (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)}
}

@article{leisingVisualArgumentStructure2023,
  title = {Visual {{Argument Structure Tool}} ({{VAST}}) {{Version}} 1.0},
  author = {Leising, Daniel and Grenke, Oliver and Cramer, Marcos},
  year = {2023},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Meta-Psychology},
  volume = {7},
  issn = {2003-2714},
  doi = {10.15626/MP.2021.2911},
  urldate = {2024-03-19},
  abstract = {We present the first version of the Visual Argument Structure Tool (VAST) which may be used for jointly visualising the semantic, conceptual, empirical and reasoning relationships that constitute arguments. Its primary purpose is to promote exactness and comprehensiveness in systematic thinking. The system distinguishes between concepts and the words (``names'') that may be used to refer to them. It also distinguishes various ways in which concepts may be related to one another (causation, conceptual implication, prediction, transformation, reasoning), and all of these from beliefs as to whether something IS the case and/or OUGHT to be the case. Using these elements, the system allows for formalisations of narrative argument components at any level of vagueness vs. precision that is deemed possible and/or necessary. This latter feature may make the system particularly useful for attaining greater theoretical specificity in the humanities, and for bridging the gap between the humanities and the ``harder'' sciences. However, VAST may also be used outside of science, to capture argument structures in (e.g.) legal analyses, media reports, belief systems, and debates.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/alp/Zotero/storage/JAS8BNAI/Leising et al. - 2023 - Visual Argument Structure Tool (VAST) Version 1.0.pdf}
}

@article{luhmannSubjectiveWellbeingAdaptation2012,
  title = {Subjective Well-Being and Adaptation to Life Events: {{A}} Meta-Analysis: {{Journal}} of {{Personality}} and {{Social Psychology}}},
  shorttitle = {Subjective Well-Being and Adaptation to Life Events},
  author = {Luhmann, Maike and Hofmann, Wilhelm and Eid, Michael and Lucas, Richard E.},
  year = {2012},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  volume = {102},
  number = {3},
  pages = {592--615},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  issn = {0022-3514},
  doi = {10.1037/a0025948.supp},
  urldate = {2024-03-10},
  abstract = {Previous research has shown that major life events can have short- and long-term effects on subjective well-being (SWB). The present meta-analysis examines (a) whether life events have different effects on affective and cognitive well-being and (b) how the rate of adaptation varies across different life events. Longitudinal data from 188 publications (313 samples, N = 65,911) were integrated to describe the reaction and adaptation to 4 family events (marriage, divorce, bereavement, childbirth) and 4 work events (unemployment, reemployment, retirement, relocation/migration). The findings show that life events have very different effects on affective and cognitive well-being and that for most events the effects of life events on cognitive well-being are stronger and more consistent across samples. Different life events differ in their effects on SWB, but these effects are not a function of the alleged desirability of events. The results are discussed with respect to their theoretical implications, and recommendations for future studies on adaptation are given. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)},
  keywords = {Adaptation Psychological,Adjustment,Adult,affective well-being,Bereavement,Cognitive Ability,cognitive well-being,Divorce,Emotional Adjustment,Emotional States,Female,Humans,Life Change Events,life satisfaction,Life Satisfaction,longitudinal meta-analysis,Longitudinal Studies,Male,Marriage,Middle Aged,Parturition,Personal Satisfaction,positive and negative affect,Retirement,Unemployment,Well Being},
  file = {/Users/alp/Zotero/storage/ADRV2YN2/Luhmann et al. - 2012 - Subjective well-being and adaptation to life event.pdf}
}

@article{manciniSteppingHedonicTreadmill2011,
  title = {Stepping {{Off}} the {{Hedonic Treadmill}}: {{Individual Differences}} in {{Response}} to {{Major Life Events}}},
  shorttitle = {Stepping {{Off}} the {{Hedonic Treadmill}}},
  author = {Mancini, Anthony D. and Bonanno, George A. and Clark, Andrew E.},
  year = {2011},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Journal of Individual Differences},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  pages = {144--152},
  issn = {1614-0001, 2151-2299},
  doi = {10.1027/1614-0001/a000047},
  urldate = {2024-03-16},
  abstract = {Theorists have long maintained that people react to major life events but then eventually return to a setpoint of subjective well-being. Yet prior research is inconclusive regarding the extent of interindividual variability. Recent theoretical models suggest that there should be heterogeneity in long-term stress responding (Bonanno, 2004; Muth{\'e}n \& Muth{\'e}n, 2000). To test this idea, we used latent growth mixture modeling to identify specific patterns of individual variation in response to three major life events (bereavement, divorce, and marriage). A four-class trajectory solution provided the best fit for bereavement and marriage, while a three-class solution provided the best fit for divorce. Relevant covariates predicted trajectory class membership. The modal response across events was a relatively flat trajectory (i.e., no change). Nevertheless, some trajectories diverged sharply from the modal response. Despite the tendency to maintain preevent levels of SWB, there are multiple and often divergent trajectories in response to bereavement, divorce, and marriage, underscoring the essential role of individual differences.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/alp/Zotero/storage/HATCQBFK/Mancini et al. - 2011 - Stepping Off the Hedonic Treadmill Individual Dif.pdf}
}

@article{marksHomeostasisTheoryWellbeing2024,
  title = {Homeostasis {{Theory}} of {{Well-being}}},
  author = {Marks, David F},
  year = {2024},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Journal of Health Psychology},
  pages = {13591053231216014},
  issn = {1359-1053, 1461-7277},
  doi = {10.1177/13591053231216014},
  urldate = {2024-03-09},
  abstract = {The Homeostasis Theory of Well-being proposes a homeostatic modular system for the creation of human well-being. This article aims to: (i) provide a proof-of-concept demonstration of the feasibility of the theory in its biopsychosocial context; (ii) indicate prima facie empirical support for the homeostatic nature of the 16 proposed modules; (iii) discuss the similarities to and differences from other homeostasis theories of well-being. Following the Central Limit Theorem, any homeostatic system with multiple inputs produces outputs with a Gaussian distribution. The data-base of studies contains approximately 2000 publications reporting U- or inverse U-shaped curves for the 16 homeostatic domains specified in the theory. The Homeostasis Theory of Well-being remains speculative and requires controlled longitudinal study to determine the scientific validity of the causal network proposed by the theory. The theory has implications for our understanding of humans' drive for balance, equilibrium and stability in this increasingly uncertain world.},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{oishiConceptsHappinessTime2013,
  title = {Concepts of {{Happiness Across Time}} and {{Cultures}}},
  author = {Oishi, Shigehiro and Graham, Jesse and Kesebir, Selin and Galinha, Iolanda Costa},
  year = {2013},
  month = may,
  journal = {Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin},
  volume = {39},
  number = {5},
  pages = {559--577},
  issn = {0146-1672, 1552-7433},
  doi = {10.1177/0146167213480042},
  urldate = {2024-03-12},
  abstract = {We explored cultural and historical variations in concepts of happiness. First, we analyzed the definitions of happiness in dictionaries from 30 nations to understand cultural similarities and differences in happiness concepts. Second, we analyzed the definition of happiness in Webster's dictionaries from 1850 to present day to understand historical changes in American English.Third, we coded the State of the Union addresses given by U.S. presidents from 1790 to 2010. Finally, we investigated the appearance of the phrases happy nation versus happy person in Google Ngram Viewer from 1800 to 2008.Across cultures and time, happiness was most frequently defined as good luck and favorable external conditions. However, in American English, this definition was replaced by definitions focused on favorable internal feeling states. Our findings highlight the value of a historical perspective in the study of psychological concepts.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/alp/Zotero/storage/72VD592P/Oishi et al. - 2013 - Concepts of Happiness Across Time and Cultures.pdf}
}

@article{pritchardRelationshipNatureConnectedness2020,
  title = {The {{Relationship Between Nature Connectedness}} and {{Eudaimonic Well-Being}}: {{A Meta-analysis}}},
  shorttitle = {The {{Relationship Between Nature Connectedness}} and {{Eudaimonic Well-Being}}},
  author = {Pritchard, Alison and Richardson, Miles and Sheffield, David and McEwan, Kirsten},
  year = {2020},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1145--1167},
  issn = {1573-7780},
  doi = {10.1007/s10902-019-00118-6},
  urldate = {2024-03-10},
  abstract = {Nature connectedness relates to an individual's subjective sense of their relationship with the natural world. A recent meta-analysis has found that people who are more connected to nature also tend to have higher levels of self-reported hedonic well-being; however, no reviews have focussed on nature connection and eudaimonic well-being. This meta-analysis was undertaken to explore the relationship of nature connection with eudaimonic well-being and to test the hypothesis that this relationship is stronger than that of nature connection and hedonic well-being. From 20 samples (n\,=\,4758), a small significant effect size was found for the relationship of nature connection and eudaimonic well-being (r\,=\,0.24); there was no significant difference between this and the effect size (from 30 samples n\,=\,11,638) for hedonic well-being (r\,=\,0.20). Of the eudaimonic well-being subscales, personal growth had a moderate effect size which was significantly larger than the effect sizes for autonomy, purpose in life/meaning, self-acceptance, positive relations with others and environmental mastery, but not vitality. Thus, individuals who are more connected to nature tend to have greater eudaimonic well-being, and in particular have higher levels of self-reported personal growth.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Eudaimonic well-being,Hedonic well-being,Meta-analysis,Nature connection/connectedness,Personal growth,Psychological well-being},
  file = {/Users/alp/Zotero/storage/49M8GKHB/Pritchard et al. - 2020 - The Relationship Between Nature Connectedness and .pdf}
}

@inbook{veenhoven11HowUniversal2010,
  title = {11 {{How Universal Is Happiness}}?},
  booktitle = {International {{Differences}} in {{Well-Being}}},
  author = {Veenhoven, Ruut},
  year = {2010},
  month = feb,
  edition = {1},
  pages = {328--350},
  publisher = {Oxford University PressNew York},
  doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199732739.003.0011},
  urldate = {2024-03-12},
  abstract = {There is a longstanding discussion on whether happiness is culturally relative or not. The following questions are addressed in that context: 1) Do we all assess how much we like our life? 2) Do we appraise our life on the same grounds? 3) Are the conditions for happiness similar for all of us? 4) Are the consequences of happiness similar in all cultures? 5) Do we all seek happiness? 6) Do we seek happiness in similar ways? 7) Do we enjoy life about equally much? The available data suggest that all humans tend to assess how much they like their life. The evaluation draws on affective experience, which is linked to gratification of universal human needs and on cognitive comparison which is framed by cultural standards of the good life. The overall appraisal seems to depend more on the former, than on the latter source of information. Conditions for happiness appear to be quite similar across the world and so are the consequences of enjoying life or not. There is more cultural variation in the valuation of happiness and in beliefs about conditions for happiness. The greatest variation is found in how happy people are.},
  collaborator = {Diener, Ed and Kahneman, Daniel and Helliwell, John},
  isbn = {978-0-19-973273-9 978-0-19-977688-7},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/alp/Zotero/storage/E79SF3ML/Veenhoven - 2010 - 11 How Universal Is Happiness.pdf}
}